CN108658351B - 一种从松香生产废水中回收单宁酸的方法 - Google Patents

一种从松香生产废水中回收单宁酸的方法 Download PDF

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CN108658351B
CN108658351B CN201810573133.6A CN201810573133A CN108658351B CN 108658351 B CN108658351 B CN 108658351B CN 201810573133 A CN201810573133 A CN 201810573133A CN 108658351 B CN108658351 B CN 108658351B
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吴运东
王磊
张睿
谢全森
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种从松香生产废水中回收单宁酸的方法,它是从松香生产废水中采用多级萃取和多级反萃取法回收单宁酸。首先通过上浮法对废水除油,调整废水的pH为1~6,然后加入藻朊酸钠絮凝剂对废水进行絮凝处理,过滤后使用甲基膦酸二甲庚酯对滤液进行多级逆流萃取,负载单宁酸的萃取液以NaOH溶液进行多级逆流反萃取处理,最后对反萃液进行除杂、浓缩、干燥处理得到工业用单宁酸,且单宁酸纯度为75~82%。本发明在回收单宁酸的同时,提高了废水的可生化性,降低了后续生化处理的难度。

Description

一种从松香生产废水中回收单宁酸的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种废水处理工艺,具体地说是从松香生产废水中回收单宁酸的处理工艺。
背景技术
单宁可分为水解类单宁和凝缩类单宁,水解单宁根据水解产物又可分为没食子单宁和鞣花单宁。最典型的没食子单宁是五倍子单宁,富含于五倍子、塔拉等其他原料中。单宁酸的分子式为C76H52O46,是由8个没食子酸单元和1个葡萄糖单元组成的酯化物。
单宁酸属于天然有机物憎水性中性物质中的富里酸类。其自身的多酚结构,在有氯存在的条件下,能形成氯酚,使水体产生强烈难闻的刺激性气药味。由于单宁酸具有松散的聚合结构,以及大量的官能团和吸附络合位,因而对于各种微量有机、无机污染物质具有很强的吸附、络合能力;单宁酸与水中金属离子发生络合反应产生溶解性络合体,单宁酸的聚合结构会包卷微量有机污染物,从而影响这些微量有机、无机污染物的毒性和生物有效性。在水处理过程中,单宁酸会增加混凝剂投量,影响混凝效果;加速滤床、滤膜的堵塞;产生大量卤代消毒副产物;甚至造成输水系统中细菌的再度繁殖。
我国是松香生产第一大国,年产量约占世界总产量的38%,出口量约占世界松香贸易总量的50%。随着松香的大量生产,必然会产生大量废水,这些废水含有单宁酸、树脂酸、酚类等多种有机物,由于单宁酸的水溶性较强,对生化处理系统中的厌氧和好氧污泥均有抑制作用,松香生产废水通常难以处理,通过传统的厌氧好氧工艺无法达标排放。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种从松香生产废水中回收单宁酸的方法。从松香废水中分离回收单宁酸,既可以提高废水的可生化性,降低生化处理的负荷,实现污水的低排放甚至零排放,又可以回收具有经济价值的单宁酸。
本发明的解决方案是通过调节除油后的松香生产废水的pH值,pH值范围在1~6,在酸性废水中加入藻朊酸钠作为絮凝剂进行絮凝处理并过滤,极大降低废水中的悬浮物,絮凝处理后的废水采用甲基膦酸二甲庚酯作为萃取剂进行多级萃取,在酸性条件下,单宁酸通过与甲基膦酸二甲庚酯形成络合物的方式从废水中分离出来进入萃取剂中;经多级萃取后,负载萃取液和NaOH溶液混合进行多级反萃取,单宁酸与甲基膦酸二甲庚络合物中的单宁酸优先与NaOH结合形成单宁酸的钠盐,从萃取液中分离出来进入反萃液中,再经过调酸、除杂、真空浓缩、喷雾干燥获得纯度较高的单宁酸产品。
本发明具体的工艺步骤如下:
(1)除油,松香生产废水通过曝气上浮法除油;
(2)调整pH,除油后的废水中加入酸性或碱性药剂,调整其pH为1~6;
(3)絮凝,调整pH后的废水中加入絮凝剂,优选藻朊酸钠为絮凝剂,对废水进行絮凝处理,絮凝时间为5~10min,絮凝后进行过滤除杂;
(4)多级逆流萃取,絮凝处理后的滤液泵入萃取槽第一级,萃取剂泵入萃取槽最后一级,在各萃取级数间逆向流动,以此方式对预处理后的废水进行多级逆流萃取回收单宁酸,得到含有单宁酸质量5~20g/L的萃取液;
(5)多级逆流反萃取,步骤(4)得到的含有单宁酸的萃取剂泵入反萃槽第一级,以质量浓度为20%的NaOH溶液作为反萃液泵入反萃槽最后一级,在各反萃级数间逆向流动,以此方式对含有单宁酸的萃取剂进行多级逆流反萃取处理,得到单宁酸质量浓度50~100g/L的反萃液;
(6)冷藏处理,调整步骤(5)中反萃液的pH值为1~3,并将其于温度在0~3℃下保存24h:
(7)过滤、真空浓缩,将反萃液过滤除杂,并将滤液进行真空浓缩处理;
(8)喷雾干燥,得到工业用单宁酸产品。
所述步骤(1)所述的曝气上浮法除油中气水比为1~10:1。
所述藻朊酸钠的用量为1~3g/L。
所述萃取剂为甲基膦酸二甲庚酯,且甲基膦酸二甲庚酯与废水体积比为1:1~3。
步骤(5)所述的NaOH溶液与步骤(4)获得的含有单宁酸的萃取液的体积比为0.2~1:1,且步骤(5)所述的反萃取处理工艺是采用反萃液回流循环的方式进行单宁酸的浓缩。经过反萃取处理后的萃取剂中仅含有微量的单宁酸,泵入萃取槽重新进行单宁酸的萃取。
步骤(4)和步骤(5)所述的多级逆流萃取和多级逆流反萃取的级数为1~10。
步骤(8)所述产品的单宁酸质量浓度为75~82%。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益技术效果:
1、本发明工艺简单、高效回收单宁酸,且单宁酸质量浓度高;
2、本发明在回收单宁酸的同时提高废水的可生化性,降低生化处理负荷;
3、本发明降低了松香生产废水的处理难度。
附图说明
图1是从松香生产废水中回收单宁酸的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)将松香生产废水装入容器中,以3:1的气水比进行上浮法曝气除油;
(2)除油后的废水中加入盐酸,调整其pH为5;
(3)调整pH后的废水中加入藻朊酸钠絮凝剂,加入量为3g/L,絮凝时间为10min,絮凝后进行过滤;
(4)絮凝处理后的滤液和甲基膦酸二甲庚酯萃取剂进行总级数为6级的多级逆流萃取以回收单宁酸,甲基膦酸二甲庚酯与废水的体积比为1:1,萃取后得到含有单宁酸质量10g/L的萃取液;
(5)步骤(4)得到的含有单宁酸的萃取液和质量浓度为20%的NaOH溶液进行总级数为6级得多级逆流反萃取处理,萃取液和反萃液的体积比为1:0.5,且反萃液以回流循环的方式进行单宁酸的浓缩,得到单宁酸质量浓度80g/L的反萃液;
(6)调整步骤(5)中反萃液的pH值为3,并将其于3℃下保存24h;
(7)将上述反萃液过滤除杂,并进行真空浓缩处理;
(8)最后进行喷雾干燥后得到纯度为82%的单宁酸产品。
实施例2
根据实施例1所述的松香生产废水回收单宁酸的方法,改变藻朊酸钠在废水的添加量为1g/L,其余工艺条件不变,回收得到纯度为80%的单宁酸产品。
实施例3
根据实施例1所述的松香生产废水回收单宁酸的方法,改变甲基膦酸二甲庚酯与废水体积比为1:3,其余工艺条件不变,获得纯度为76%的单宁酸产品。
实施例4
根据实施例1所述的松香生产废水回收单宁酸的方法,改变NaOH溶液与萃取液的体积比为1:1,其余工艺条件不变,回收得到纯度为75%的单宁酸产品。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明精神的基础之下,本领域普通技术人员可以对本发明的技术方案做出的各种修改和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种从松香生产废水中回收单宁酸的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)除油,松香生产废水通过曝气上浮法除油;
(2)调整pH,除油后的废水中加入酸性或碱性药剂,调整其pH为1~6;
(3)絮凝,调整pH后的废水中加入藻朊酸钠絮凝剂,对废水进行絮凝处理,絮凝时间为5~10min,絮凝后进行过滤除杂;
(4)多级逆流萃取,絮凝处理后的滤液泵入萃取槽第一级,甲基膦酸二甲庚酯萃取剂泵入萃取槽最后一级,在各萃取级数间逆向流动,以此方式对预处理后的废水进行多级逆流萃取回收单宁酸,得到含有单宁酸质量5~20g/L的萃取液;
(5)多级逆流反萃取,步骤(4)得到的含有单宁酸的萃取液泵入反萃槽第一级,以质量浓度为20%的NaOH溶液作为反萃液泵入反萃槽最后一级,在各反萃级数间逆向流动,以此方式对含有单宁酸的萃取液进行多级逆流反萃取处理,得到含有单宁酸质量浓度50~100g/L的反萃液;
(6)冷冻处理,调整步骤(5)获得的反萃液pH值为1~3,并将其在0~3℃下保存24h;
(7)过滤、真空浓缩,将反萃液过滤除杂,并将滤液进行真空浓缩处理;
(8)喷雾干燥,得到工业用单宁酸产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的从松香生产废水中回收单宁酸的方法,其特征在:步骤(1)所述的曝气上浮法除油中气水比为1~10:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的从松香生产废水中回收单宁酸的方法,其特征在于:所述藻朊酸钠加入量为1~3g/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的从松香生产废水中回收单宁酸的方法,其特征在于:甲基膦酸二甲庚酯与废水体积比为1:1~3。
5.根据权利要求1所述的从松香生产废水中回收单宁酸的方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)所述的20%NaOH溶液与步骤(4)获得含有单宁酸的萃取液的体积比为0.2~1:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的从松香生产废水中回收单宁酸的方法,其特征在于:所述多级逆流萃取和多级逆流反萃取的萃取级数为1~10。
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