CN108655868A - A kind of aluminum-alloy wheel burr brushing equipment - Google Patents
A kind of aluminum-alloy wheel burr brushing equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108655868A CN108655868A CN201810705137.5A CN201810705137A CN108655868A CN 108655868 A CN108655868 A CN 108655868A CN 201810705137 A CN201810705137 A CN 201810705137A CN 108655868 A CN108655868 A CN 108655868A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- wire bundle
- brush wire
- brush
- positioning disk
- aluminum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
- B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
- B24B9/04—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of metal, e.g. skate blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/007—Weight compensation; Temperature compensation; Vibration damping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/02—Frames; Beds; Carriages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum-alloy wheel burr brushing equipment, are mainly made of pedestal, guide post, upper platen, motor, Hub fixture, sliding platform, feeding cylinder, locking cylinder, tapered sleeve, brush wire bundle, supporting plate, brush wire bundle positioning disk, balance weight iron.Pedestal and column, upper platen fit together, motor is mounted on upper platen, Hub fixture is fixed on motor, and feeding cylinder is fixed on the base, and brush wire bundle positioning disk is fixed on sliding platform, brush wire bundle upper end passes through brush wire bundle positioning disk, lower end is jacked up by supporting plate, and supporting plate is connect by stone dead wire with balance weight iron, and locking cylinder is fixed by the bracket on brush wire bundle positioning disk, brush wire bundle is made of multiply brush filament, outside stretch wrap film.The present invention can meet the needs that aluminum-alloy wheel manufacturing enterprise removes machining operation flash removed, can play the role of reducing cost, reduce inventory, compatible strong, reduction replacement beat, while have the characteristics that simple in structure, failure rate is low, performance is stablized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mechanical equipments, relate in particular to a kind of equipment of aluminum-alloy wheel burr brushing.
Background technology
Since many merits, the aluminum-alloy wheels such as weight is strong, good heat dissipation, handsome in appearance, intensity is high are widely used,
China also becomes the country that aluminium alloy wheel hub yield is most in world wide.
Currently, the manufacturing process according to aluminum-alloy wheel is classified, there are three types of manufacturing methods, i.e. casting vehicle for aluminum-alloy wheel
Wheel, forging wheel, casting rotation wheel.It is according to aluminium ingot melting, rough-cast, mechanical processing, surface spraying, finished product packet to cast wheel
What the processes such as dress were manufactured, forging wheel is according to works such as bar cutting, spinning, mechanical processing, surface spraying, finished product packings
What sequence was manufactured, casting rotation wheel is according to aluminium ingot melting, rough-cast, spinning, mechanical processing, surface spraying, finished product packing
Etc. processes manufactured.
No matter which kind of above-mentioned manufacturing method, due to the shear action of lathe tool, is closed after wheel completes mechanical processing in aluminium
The window position of golden wheel back of the body chamber, inevitably generates burr not of uniform size, and these burrs have to removal.
Currently, the conventional mode of flash removed of going is by dedicated burr brush shown in Fig. 1 clean with water.Burr brush
It is made of the nylon yarn containing abrasive material, this kind of mode goes flash removed significant effect, but has the following problems:1, burr brush
Kind is extremely more.This is because wheel kind is hundreds and thousands of, wheel back cavity structure is had nothing in common with each other, it is therefore desirable to be carried on the back chamber according to wheel and be made
Type makes special burr brush, and scene is also required to prepare a variety of burr brushes;2, auxiliary material wastes.Burr brush is integrally fixed on substrate,
After the failure of burr brush, substrate can only be abandoned, and have no value for use;3, brush filament utilization rate is low.Since wheel back of the body chamber is the structure of recess,
After burr brush is scrapped, it is certain to some remaining brush filament.Meanwhile brush filament also needs in implantation substrate, this part brush filament
It is also no any use value.In general, the waste rate of brush filament reaches 10%-20% or so;4, replacing construction occupies life
Produce beat.After the failure of burr brush, it is necessary to shut down and replace, this will occupy productive temp.
Invention content
The invention aims to provide a kind of aluminum-alloy wheel burr brushing equipment.
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme is that:A kind of aluminum-alloy wheel burr brushing equipment, by pedestal,
Guide post, upper platen, motor, Hub fixture, sliding platform, feeding cylinder, locking cylinder, tapered sleeve, brush wire bundle, supporting plate, brush wire bundle
Positioning disk, balance weight iron composition.Pedestal and column, upper platen fit together, and form the main body of whole equipment, and motor is mounted on upper
On platen, Hub fixture is fixed on motor, and can be rotated with aluminum-alloy wheel under the drive of motor, and cylinder is fed
It is fixed on the base, sliding platform can be driven to be moved up and down under pressure along guide post, brush wire bundle positioning disk is fixed on
On sliding platform, brush wire bundle upper end passes through brush wire bundle positioning disk, lower end to be jacked up by supporting plate, and supporting plate is connected by stone dead wire and balance weight iron
It connects, locking cylinder is fixed by the bracket on brush wire bundle positioning disk, locking cylinder energy band mantle set operation up and down, to squeeze brush
Tow positioning disk is allowed to generate flexible deformation, achievees the purpose that be clamped and loosens brush wire bundle, and brush wire bundle is made of multiply brush filament,
Outside stretch wrap film, in order to take.
Before work, as shown in Fig. 2, locking cylinder holds out against tapered sleeve, brush wire bundle positioning disk is set to generate flexible deformation, by brush filament
Beam is clamped by brush wire bundle positioning disk.At this point, feeding cylinder is in retracted mode.
Then, aluminum-alloy wheel is placed in Hub fixture by artificial or manipulator, and is clamped.
Then, locking cylinder loosens, and tapered sleeve moves down naturally.Brush wire bundle positioning disk is rapid to return under the action of natural resiliency
Shape is restored, and unclamps brush wire bundle.At this point, under the action of balance weight iron, balance weight iron drives supporting plate, and then drive by stone dead wire
Brush wire bundle is run rapidly upward, and brush wire bundle is fitted tightly over aluminum-alloy wheel and carries on the back chamber(Fig. 3).
With that is, locking cylinder is run up, tapered sleeve is held out against, so that brush wire bundle positioning disk is generated flexible deformation, brush wire bundle is made to press from both sides
It holds in brush wire bundle positioning disk.
Then, motor drives Hub fixture, and then aluminum-alloy wheel is driven to be rotated.Cylinder is fed in certain pressure to make
Reach the work of flash removed with lower upward jacking sliding platform to make brush wire bundle tightly be fitted in the back of the body chamber of aluminum-alloy wheel
With.
Brush wire bundle is made of multiply brush filament, in the outside stretch wrap film of brush wire bundle, as indicated at 4.When work, film meeting
It is rapid to tear under the turning effort of wheel, and expose brush filament.With the progress of work, brush wire bundle can be gradually worn out.Work as brush filament
It, can whole replacement after beam may wear to the limit.
The present invention can meet the needs that aluminum-alloy wheel manufacturing enterprise removes machining operation flash removed, can play reduction
Cost reduces that inventory, compatibility is strong, reduces the effect for replacing beat, while having that simple in structure, failure rate is low, performance is stablized
The characteristics of.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is current common burr brush configuration schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is a kind of front view of aluminum-alloy wheel burr brushing equipment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a kind of operating diagram of aluminum-alloy wheel burr brushing equipment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a kind of brush wire bundle sectional view of aluminum-alloy wheel burr brushing equipment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a kind of brush wire bundle positioning disk vertical view of aluminum-alloy wheel burr brushing equipment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The details and working condition of the specific device proposed according to the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of aluminum-alloy wheel burr brushing equipment of the present invention, by pedestal 1, guide post 2, upper platen 6, motor 8, Hub fixture 9,
Sliding platform 3, feeding cylinder 13, locking cylinder 4, tapered sleeve 10, brush wire bundle 15, supporting plate 17, brush wire bundle positioning disk 5, balance weight iron 11
Composition.Pedestal 1 and column 2, upper platen 6 fit together, and form the main body of whole equipment, and motor 8 is mounted on upper platen 6,
Hub fixture 9 is fixed on motor 8, and can be rotated with aluminum-alloy wheel 7 under the drive of motor 8, and cylinder 13 is fed
It is fixed on pedestal 1, sliding platform 3 can be driven to be moved up and down under pressure along guide post 2, brush wire bundle positioning disk 5 is solid
It is scheduled on sliding platform 3,15 upper end of brush wire bundle passes through brush wire bundle positioning disk 5, lower end to be jacked up by supporting plate 17, and supporting plate 17 passes through mild steel
Silk 12 is connect with balance weight iron 11, and locking cylinder 4 is fixed on by holder 14 on brush wire bundle positioning disk 5,4 energy band mantle of locking cylinder
About 10 operation of set, to squeeze brush wire bundle positioning disk 5, is allowed to generate flexible deformation, reaches clamping and loosens brush wire bundle 15
Purpose, brush wire bundle 15 are made of multiply brush filament 19, outside stretch wrap film 18, in order to take.
Before work, as shown in Fig. 2, locking cylinder 4 holds out against tapered sleeve 10, brush wire bundle positioning disk 5 is made to generate flexible deformation, it will
Brush wire bundle 15 is clamped by brush wire bundle positioning disk 5.At this point, feeding cylinder 13 is in retracted mode.
Then, aluminum-alloy wheel 7 is placed in Hub fixture 9 by artificial or manipulator, and is clamped.
Then, locking cylinder 4 loosens, and tapered sleeve 10 moves down naturally.Brush wire bundle positioning disk 5 is fast under the action of natural resiliency
Speed restores, and unclamps brush wire bundle 15.At this point, under the action of balance weight iron 11, balance weight iron 11 drives support by stone dead wire 12
Plate 17, and then brush wire bundle 15 is driven to run rapidly upward, and brush wire bundle 15 is fitted tightly over aluminum-alloy wheel 7 and carries on the back chamber(Fig. 3).
With that is, locking cylinder 4 is run up, tapered sleeve 10 is held out against, so that brush wire bundle positioning disk 5 is generated flexible deformation, makes brush filament
Beam 15 is clamped in brush wire bundle positioning disk 5.
Then, motor 8 drives Hub fixture 9, and then aluminum-alloy wheel 7 is driven to be rotated.Cylinder 13 is fed certain
The lower sliding platform 3 of jacking upwards of pressure effect reaches to make brush wire bundle 15 tightly be fitted in the back of the body chamber of aluminum-alloy wheel 7
The effect of flash removed.
Brush wire bundle 15 is made of multiply brush filament 19, in the outside stretch wrap film 18 of brush wire bundle, as indicated at 4.When work,
Film 18 can be rapid to tear under the turning effort of wheel, and exposes brush filament 19.With the progress of work, brush wire bundle 15 can be by
Gradually wear.It, can whole replacement after brush wire bundle 15 may wear to the limit.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of aluminum-alloy wheel burr brushing equipment, by pedestal(1), guide post(2), upper platen(6), motor(8), Hub fixture
(9), sliding platform(3), feeding cylinder(13), locking cylinder(4), tapered sleeve(10), brush wire bundle(15), supporting plate(17), brush wire bundle
Positioning disk(5), balance weight iron(11)Composition, it is characterised in that:Pedestal(1)And column(2), upper platen(6)It fits together, is formed
The main body of whole equipment, motor(8)Mounted on upper platen(6)On, Hub fixture(9)It is fixed on motor(8)On, and can be in motor
(8)Drive under with aluminum-alloy wheel(7 are rotated, and cylinder is fed(13)It is fixed on pedestal(1)On, sliding can be driven flat
Platform(3)Under pressure along guide post(2)It moves up and down, brush wire bundle positioning disk(5)It is fixed on sliding platform(3)On, brush
Tow(15)Upper end passes through brush wire bundle positioning disk(5), lower end is by supporting plate(17)It jacks up, supporting plate(17)Pass through stone dead wire(12)With with
Weight iron(11)Connection, locking cylinder(4)Pass through holder(14)It is fixed on brush wire bundle positioning disk(5)On, locking cylinder(4)It can drive
Tapered sleeve(10)Operation up and down, to squeeze brush wire bundle positioning disk(5), it is allowed to generate flexible deformation, reaches clamping and loosen brush filament
Beam(15)Purpose, brush wire bundle(15)By multiply brush filament(19)Composition, outside stretch wrap film(18), in order to take.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810705137.5A CN108655868B (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2018-07-02 | Aluminum alloy wheel brush thorn equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810705137.5A CN108655868B (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2018-07-02 | Aluminum alloy wheel brush thorn equipment |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN108655868A true CN108655868A (en) | 2018-10-16 |
CN108655868B CN108655868B (en) | 2023-09-05 |
Family
ID=63772522
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810705137.5A Active CN108655868B (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2018-07-02 | Aluminum alloy wheel brush thorn equipment |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN108655868B (en) |
Citations (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH079025A (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1995-01-13 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for preventing occurrence of brush chatter mark on metal plate |
CN201831195U (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2011-05-18 | 万健 | Brush hair clamping device and environment-friendly toothbrush and brush set with replaceable brush hairs |
CN102164710A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-08-24 | 新东工业株式会社 | Polishing device for polygonal column member, and method for polishing same |
CN102653072A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2012-09-05 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Burring device of engine crankshaft oil hole |
CN102935608A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-02-20 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Improved wheel burring device |
CN103203682A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2013-07-17 | 新东工业株式会社 | Polishing brush and polishing method |
CN103419105A (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2013-12-04 | 江苏天宏机械科技有限公司 | Aluminium alloy hub deburring machine |
CN203438030U (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2014-02-19 | 江苏天宏机械科技有限公司 | Constant-pressure automatic compensation system of aluminum alloy hub deburring machine |
CN103921187A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-16 | 凯斯曼秦皇岛汽车零部件制造有限公司 | Burr brush |
CN203863508U (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-10-08 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Hub burr brush |
CN204546239U (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-08-12 | 成涛 | A kind of Novel clean polishing machine |
CN105415213A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-23 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Combined type vehicle wheel burr brush |
CN205415357U (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-08-03 | 福建易达纳米材料科技有限公司 | Wave silk grinds brush |
CN205835066U (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-12-28 | 夏邵华 | A kind of brush plate of bristle changeable type |
CN206357085U (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-07-28 | 日本电产东测(浙江)有限公司 | Burr removal is brushed |
CN107671694A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-02-09 | 广东赛因迪科技股份有限公司 | A kind of nanometer anti-soil polishing machine |
CN207027143U (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2018-02-23 | 安徽省忆德工业刷制造有限公司 | A kind of metallic article surface abrasive brush |
KR20180039353A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2018-04-18 | 주식회사 국제자동화 | Equipped with a cup-shaped wire brush structure ofthe automatic deburring |
CN208977477U (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2019-06-14 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | A kind of aluminum-alloy wheel burr brushing equipment |
-
2018
- 2018-07-02 CN CN201810705137.5A patent/CN108655868B/en active Active
Patent Citations (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH079025A (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1995-01-13 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for preventing occurrence of brush chatter mark on metal plate |
CN102164710A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-08-24 | 新东工业株式会社 | Polishing device for polygonal column member, and method for polishing same |
CN201831195U (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2011-05-18 | 万健 | Brush hair clamping device and environment-friendly toothbrush and brush set with replaceable brush hairs |
CN103203682A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2013-07-17 | 新东工业株式会社 | Polishing brush and polishing method |
CN102653072A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2012-09-05 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Burring device of engine crankshaft oil hole |
CN102935608A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-02-20 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Improved wheel burring device |
CN103419105A (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2013-12-04 | 江苏天宏机械科技有限公司 | Aluminium alloy hub deburring machine |
CN203438030U (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2014-02-19 | 江苏天宏机械科技有限公司 | Constant-pressure automatic compensation system of aluminum alloy hub deburring machine |
CN103921187A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-16 | 凯斯曼秦皇岛汽车零部件制造有限公司 | Burr brush |
CN203863508U (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-10-08 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Hub burr brush |
CN204546239U (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-08-12 | 成涛 | A kind of Novel clean polishing machine |
CN205415357U (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-08-03 | 福建易达纳米材料科技有限公司 | Wave silk grinds brush |
CN105415213A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-23 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Combined type vehicle wheel burr brush |
CN205835066U (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-12-28 | 夏邵华 | A kind of brush plate of bristle changeable type |
KR20180039353A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2018-04-18 | 주식회사 국제자동화 | Equipped with a cup-shaped wire brush structure ofthe automatic deburring |
CN206357085U (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-07-28 | 日本电产东测(浙江)有限公司 | Burr removal is brushed |
CN207027143U (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2018-02-23 | 安徽省忆德工业刷制造有限公司 | A kind of metallic article surface abrasive brush |
CN107671694A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-02-09 | 广东赛因迪科技股份有限公司 | A kind of nanometer anti-soil polishing machine |
CN208977477U (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2019-06-14 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | A kind of aluminum-alloy wheel burr brushing equipment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN108655868B (en) | 2023-09-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN107649755B (en) | High-speed arc discharge grinding composite processing method | |
CN208977477U (en) | A kind of aluminum-alloy wheel burr brushing equipment | |
CN202106204U (en) | Numerical control vertical type turning and milling composite machine tool | |
CN108655868A (en) | A kind of aluminum-alloy wheel burr brushing equipment | |
CN207057666U (en) | A kind of sleeve radial direction hole processing device | |
CN108747535A (en) | A kind of five-axle linkage carving and milling machine | |
CN210702821U (en) | Metal cutting equipment with fixing structure for manufacturing automobile brake stamping parts | |
CN210160224U (en) | High-strength main shaft structure | |
CN101543916A (en) | Synchronous deburring device for hobbing machine | |
CN213164879U (en) | Ceramic superhard grinding wheel dressing device | |
CN213196966U (en) | Pump shaft alloy ring inner edge grinding machine | |
CN212497082U (en) | Diversified grinding device of zinc alloy extruded article | |
CN205110838U (en) | Take powerful jack catch of high rigidity of afterburning mechanism | |
CN209773661U (en) | Electrospark wire-electrode cutting-diamond wire saw combined machining device | |
CN207480354U (en) | A kind of burnishing device for metallic piston bar | |
CN206662838U (en) | A kind of automatic charging clamp system of axle sleeve | |
CN202292310U (en) | Cylindrical grinding machine for processing semiconductor monocrystalline silicon | |
CN213307830U (en) | Automatic trimming machine for shoes | |
CN214517984U (en) | Rim deburring equipment | |
CN216542720U (en) | Shaft neck grinding tool | |
CN214770287U (en) | Chute processing equipment of piston rod | |
CN215748190U (en) | Utilize clear precision bearing processing of pneumatic pressure to use yaw grinding machine | |
CN220361896U (en) | Stamping die capable of being formed at one time | |
CN210938069U (en) | Motorcycle wheel hub sprue ring cutting and grinding hole integrated mechanism | |
CN216264473U (en) | Assembling equipment for mechanical foot cup |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |