CN108649240B - Fuel cell - Google Patents
Fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN108649240B CN108649240B CN201810459028.XA CN201810459028A CN108649240B CN 108649240 B CN108649240 B CN 108649240B CN 201810459028 A CN201810459028 A CN 201810459028A CN 108649240 B CN108649240 B CN 108649240B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell, and belongs to the field of chemical power sources. The invention takes water as cathode active material, and the active material in the anode can generate oxidation reduction reaction with the cathode active material water under normal temperature and normal pressure to generate current and supply energy to the outside.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of chemical power sources, relates to a fuel cell, and more particularly relates to a fuel cell taking water as an electrode active material.
Background
The fuel cell is an electrochemical power generation device, directly converts chemical energy into electric energy without a heat engine process, is not limited by Carnot cycle, has high energy conversion efficiency, and is free from noise and pollution, and is becoming an ideal energy utilization mode.
The fuel cell is used as an energy conversion device, chemical energy is firstly input and then electric energy is output, and the fuel cell can continuously generate electricity as long as reactants are continuously input and reaction products are continuously removed in principle. The lithium battery is only an energy storage device, cannot release electric energy, and needs to be charged first and then released. In addition, the electrochemical reaction is clean and complete, and harmful substances are rarely generated. From the viewpoint of energy saving and ecological environment protection, fuel cells are the most promising power generation technology.
Currently, Fuel cells (Fuel cells, FC) are classified into an Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC), a Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC), a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC), a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), and the like according to the difference in electrolyte. The fuel cell has the advantages of no restriction of Carnot cycle, high energy conversion efficiency, cleanness, no pollution, low noise and the like, and can be made into a modular structure, the power density of the fuel cell is higher than that of a common energy storage type battery, and the fuel cell is suitable for centralized power supply and decentralized power supply. With the continuous maturation of the technology, the commercial application of the fuel cell has wide development prospect.
Due to the limitation of various technical factors, the total conversion efficiency is more in the range of 45-60% by considering the energy consumption of the whole device system. In addition, the current mainstream fuel cell generally has low temperature, medium temperature and high temperature, and the low temperature operation temperature at least needs to reach about 60 ℃, so the manufacturing cost and the use cost of the fuel cell are too high, which is one of the biggest factors restricting the popularization and the application of the fuel cell. Therefore, reducing the production cost of the fuel cell becomes a key to the practical use of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the existing fuel cell mostly uses noble metal catalysts, so that the cost is high, and the large-scale popularization of the fuel cell is limited. The invention provides a low-cost fuel cell for room-temperature applications, which, unlike conventional cells, is based on water as the cathode active material. The fuel cell has the advantages of low cost, high voltage and theoretical specific energy, simple manufacturing method, easy realization of industrialization and potential application value in the field of chemical power sources.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a fuel cell, characterized by: the fuel cell comprises a cathode, an anode and a diaphragm;
the cathode takes water as an active substance;
the active material in the anode comprises alkali metal and alkaline earth metal;
the diaphragm is any one of a porous electrolyte membrane, a gel electrolyte membrane and an all-solid electrolyte membrane containing conductive ions.
The cathode active substance water is in a gas state, a liquid state, a gel state or a solid state, and the gel state water is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide and a polymaleic anhydride water-soluble high polymer.
The cathode comprises a current collector; the current collector is in any one of a foil, a foam, a net or a three-dimensional nano array; the current collector is made of one or more of stainless steel alloy, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon and conductive resin.
The cathode comprises an electrolyte which can ionize conductive ions in water; the cathode electrolyte is one or more of acid, alkali or salt, wherein the acid is organic acid or inorganic acid, and the organic acid is one or more of sulfonic acid and derivatives thereof, acetic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid and acrylic acid; the inorganic acid is one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, iodic acid and boric acid; the alkali is one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and ammonia water; the salt is one or more of potassium sulfate, lithium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and sodium carbonate.
The cathode comprises an additive, wherein the additive comprises a cosolvent, a catalyst, a conductive agent and a binder; the cosolvent is one or more of ethanol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, N-dimethylformamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; the catalyst is Pt/C, Pd/C, Pt-Ru/CNT, Pd-WC/C, Pd/HCS, Pt-WO3/MWNT、MnO2One or more of Pd-Ru/CNTs; the conductive agent is one or more of acetylene black, carbon fiber, carbon nano tube, Ketjen black and graphene; the binder is one or more of PVDF, CMC, SBR and PTFE.
The alkali metal is one or more of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium; the alkaline earth metal is one or more of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium; the form of the alkali metal is any one of simple substances, alloys or mixtures; the form of the alkaline earth metal is any one of simple substance, alloy or mixture; the alkali metal and the alkaline earth metal are formed in the form of alloy or mixture;
the anode active material also comprises alkali metal or alkaline earth metal and other metal in the form of alloy or mixture, and the other metal is aluminum or zinc.
The anode comprises a current collector; the current collector is in any one of a foil, a foam, a net or a three-dimensional nano array; the current collector is made of one or more of stainless steel alloy, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon and conductive resin.
The anode comprises an electrolyte which can dissolve in a solvent and ionize conductive ions; the anode electrolyte component is a mixture of one or more of acid, alkali or salt, wherein the acid is organic acid or inorganic acid, the organic acid comprises one or more of sulfonic acid and derivatives thereof, acetic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid and acrylic acid, and the inorganic acid comprises one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, iodic acid and boric acid; the alkali comprises one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and ammonia water, and the salt comprises one or more of lithium hexafluorophosphate, potassium sulfate, lithium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate and sodium carbonate; the electrolyte is in one of a liquid state, a gel state or an all-solid state, wherein the liquid electrolyte contains a solvent, and the solvent is one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate; the anode contains an additive, the additive is a simple substance or a compound, the simple substance comprises one or more of carbon, copper, zinc, aluminum, cobalt, iron and nickel simple substance powder, and the compound comprises one or more of magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, iron sulfide and barium sulfide.
The porous electrolyte membrane comprises a membrane formed by mixing, compounding or polymerizing one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene, fluorine-containing organic polymer, cellulose ester, polycarbonate and polysulfone; the gel state electrolyte membrane comprises one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide and polymaleic anhydride, and the membrane is formed in a mixing, compounding or polymerizing mode; the all-solid-state electrolyte membrane comprises a mixture or a sinter of one or more of perovskite, lithium super-ion conductor, sodium super-ion conductor, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide and titanium oxide, and the performance of the membrane can be enhanced after additives are added into the membrane; the diaphragm additive is one or more of lithium perchlorate, lithium aluminum chloride, polyvinyl chloride, nano-scale silicon dioxide and transition metal compounds.
The diaphragm comprises an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent is one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; the conductive ions are one or more of lithium ions, potassium ions, hydrogen ions and sodium ion micro-size ions.
The reaction principle of the fuel cell of the invention is as follows:
anode: a to e-→A+
Cathode: 2H2O+2e-→H2↑+2OH－
And (3) total reaction: a + H2O→AOH+H2↑
A is anode active material, including one or more of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts easily obtained and nontoxic water as the cathode active substance, the method is simple, the cost is low, the safety and the stability are realized, the alkali metal or the alkaline earth metal is used as the anode, the specific energy is large, the voltage is high, the invention is used in the normal temperature environment, and the industrialization is easy to realize;
(2) the hydrogen and the metal alkaline hydroxide generated by the cathode of the fuel cell can be recycled, and the fuel cell has the characteristic of environmental friendliness; the gel electrolyte diaphragm prepared by the invention can be suitable for two electrolytes of a water system and an organic system, and has good application value.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Preparing an anode: taking foamed nickel with the area of 80 multiplied by 20mm and the thickness of 1mm as a current collector, selecting metal lithium with the area of 10 multiplied by 10mm and the mass of 0.05g as an anode active material, embedding lithium sheets into the foamed nickel under the pressure of 2MPa, and placing the foamed nickel in a state that the molar concentration is 1 mol.L-1LiPF6Ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate (volume ratio)1:1) in an organic electrolyte;
preparing a cathode: taking 5g of deionized water at 25 ℃ as a cathode active substance, adding 1g of lithium sulfate (analytically pure), fully shaking and dissolving to obtain an electrolyte, and inserting foamed nickel with the area of 80mm multiplied by 20mm and the thickness of 1mm into an aqueous solution to obtain a current collector; deionized water in the cathode not only serves as an active substance but also serves as electrolyte;
preparing a diaphragm: with an areal density of 30g/m at a thickness of 100 μm2Weighing 5g of methyl methacrylate monomer as a base film, distilling for 30min at normal pressure, removing a polymerization inhibitor, weighing 2g of lithium perchlorate, ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate, mixing 7.5g of each of the lithium perchlorate, the ethylene carbonate and the diethyl carbonate in a three-neck flask, introducing argon gas for protection, magnetically stirring for 30min, continuously heating to 90 ℃ through an oil bath, adding 0.1g of benzoyl peroxide as an initiator, magnetically stirring for 3h at a stable temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain a casting film solution of the polymethyl methacrylate with the concentration of 25 wt%, wherein the casting film solution is clear, transparent and has certain viscosity, casting the casting film solution on a non-woven gauze diaphragm to form a film, drying for 8h at 80 ℃ under normal pressure, continuously drying for 8h in vacuum at 100 ℃, removing residual solvent, and sealing the obtained composite film in a shade drying place for later use;
the diaphragm prepared in example 1 is a nonwoven gauze diaphragm as a basement membrane, the nonwoven gauze diaphragm is a special diaphragm for a water system, polymethyl methacrylate is used as a matrix polymer electrolyte on the basis, a polymethyl methacrylate substance as a conductive polymer has good compatibility with a carbonate plasticizer, lithium salt is added to improve the conductivity, and a gel electrolyte membrane is formed and can be used as a diaphragm of an organic system, so that the diaphragm can be suitable for two electrolytes of the water system and the organic system.
The alkali metal Li is placed in an organic electrolyte, water is used as an active substance and exists in an aqueous electrolyte, and the water is separated by a gel electrolyte diaphragm; production of Li by loss of electrons from alkali metal Li+An oxidation reaction takes place, ion transport takes place through the diaphragm with the electrolyte, H2And O obtains electrons through an external circuit, so that current is generated to supply power to the outside.
And (3) putting the diaphragm in the middle of the H-shaped electrolytic cell, isolating the anode and the cathode, and putting the anode and the cathode into the two electrolytic cells respectively to obtain the fuel cell with the theoretical specific energy of 5127 W.h/kg.
And performing electrochemical performance test on the assembled lithium-ion fuel cell, wherein the open-circuit voltage range is 2.3-2.9V, the theoretical specific capacity is 3860mAh/g, and the actually measured discharge specific capacity is 2780 mAh/g.
Example 2
Preparing an anode: taking foamed nickel with the area of 80 multiplied by 20mm and the thickness of 1mm as a current collector, selecting metal sodium with the area of 10 multiplied by 10mm and the mass of 0.15g as an anode active material, embedding a sodium sheet into a nickel net by using the pressure of 2MPa, and placing the nickel net in a state that the molar concentration is 1 mol.L-1LiPF6In the organic electrolyte of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate (volume ratio is 1: 1);
preparation of cathode (gel state water): selecting 1 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel as a cathode active substance, weighing 1g of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) with the polymerization degree of 1750 +/-50, dissolving the PVA in 100mL of distilled water, shaking and dissolving, then adding 10g of lithium sulfate as electrolyte to dissolve completely, placing the prepared PVA aqueous solution in a ground flask, heating the PVA aqueous solution to 90 ℃ in a constant-temperature water bath, stirring and heating, standing and preserving heat for 30min at 60 ℃ after the PVA is completely dissolved, so as to remove bubbles in the solution; adding 10 wt% boric acid water solution, rapidly stirring to form hydrogel, and finally inserting foamed nickel with the area of 80 × 20mm and the thickness of 1mm into the hydrogel to be used as a current collector;
preparing a diaphragm: with an areal density of 30g/m at a thickness of 100 μm2Weighing 5g of methyl methacrylate monomer as a basement membrane, distilling for 30min at normal pressure, removing a polymerization inhibitor, weighing 2g of lithium perchlorate, ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate, respectively weighing 7.5g, mixing in a three-neck flask, introducing argon gas for protection, magnetically stirring for 30min, continuously heating to 90 ℃ through an oil bath, adding 0.1g of benzoyl peroxide as an initiator, magnetically stirring for 3h at a stable temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain a casting solution of the polymethyl methacrylate with the concentration of 25 wt%, wherein the casting solution has the characteristics of clarity, transparency and certain viscosity, casting the casting solution on the nonwoven gauze membrane to form a membrane, drying for 8h at 80 ℃ under normal pressure, continuously vacuum-drying for 8h at 100 ℃,removing residual solvent, and sealing the obtained composite membrane in a cool and dry place for later use;
the diaphragm prepared in example 2 uses a nonwoven gauze diaphragm as a basement membrane, the nonwoven gauze diaphragm is a special diaphragm for a water system, polymethyl methacrylate is used as a polymer electrolyte on the basis, a polymethyl methacrylate substance is used as a conductive polymer and has good compatibility with a carbonate plasticizer, lithium salt is added to improve the conductivity, and a gel electrolyte membrane is formed and can be used as a diaphragm of an organic system, so that the diaphragm can be suitable for two electrolytes of the water system and the organic system.
The alkali metal Na is placed in an organic electrolyte, water is used as an active substance and exists in an aqueous electrolyte, and the water is separated by a gel electrolyte diaphragm; production of Na by electron loss of alkali metal Na+An oxidation reaction takes place, ion transport takes place through the diaphragm with the electrolyte, H2And O obtains electrons through an external circuit, so that current is generated to supply power to the outside.
The diaphragm is placed in the middle of the H-shaped electrolytic cell, the cathode and the anode are isolated, and the anode and the cathode are respectively placed in the two electrolytic cells, so that the fuel cell can be obtained, and the theoretical specific energy is 1854 W.h/kg.
And performing electrochemical performance test on the assembled sodium-water fuel cell, wherein the open-circuit voltage range is 1.8-2.5V, the theoretical specific capacity is 1165mAh/g, and the actually-measured discharge specific capacity is 890 mAh/g.
Example 3
Preparing an anode: taking foamed nickel with the area of 80mm multiplied by 20mm and the thickness of 1mm as a current collector, selecting metal sodium with the area of 10mm multiplied by 10mm and the mass of 0.15g as an anode active substance, embedding a sodium metal sheet into a nickel net by using the pressure of 2MPa, and pressing the sodium metal sheet into a pole piece for later use;
preparing a cathode: taking 25mL of deionized water at 25 ℃ as a cathode active substance, adding 5g of lithium sulfate (analytically pure), fully shaking and dissolving to obtain an electrolyte and a counter electrode; inserting a copper sheet with the area of 80mm multiplied by 20mm and the thickness of 0.1mm into the water solution to be used as a current collector;
electrolyte membrane wrapping the anode: taking 18mL of molecular sieve dried NMP (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) reagent, adding vacuum dried PV2g of DF (polyvinylidene fluoride) powder is fully dissolved, stirred, uniformly mixed and kept stand for defoaming for 30min to form a clear transparent mixed solution I with the mass fraction of 20%; at a molar concentration of 1 mol. L-1LiPF6Adding PAN (polyacrylonitrile) and lithium perchlorate additives into the ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate (volume ratio is 1:1) electrolyte according to the mass ratio of 4:1, quickly mixing and uniformly stirring, standing and defoaming, heating and dissolving to prepare a transparent mixed solution II with the mass fraction of the additives being 10%; coating the mixed solution I on an anode sodium sheet to form a film by tape casting, drying for 30min by using a hot air gun, removing residual solvent, and drying to obtain a first layer of film; according to the method, a mixed solution II is used, a second layer of film is formed on an anode sodium sheet by tape casting and drying, finally, the mixed solution I is used for coating two layers as an outermost diaphragm layer, liquid drops are mutually contacted along with the successive evaporation of a solvent, sol is gradually changed into gel, and finally PVDF/PAN-LiClO which is uniformly distributed is formed on an anode sodium metal sheet4A PVDF dense membrane;
the diaphragm prepared in example 3 is a water-based diaphragm, and the outer layer of PVDF provides certain mechanical properties, LiClO4A dense film made of a conductive agent, PAN at high concentration as an electrolyte; drying to obtain an electrolyte membrane wrapped on the anode sodium sheet; the film is suitable for use in aqueous electrolytes.
The treated alkali metal sodium can slowly generate oxidation-reduction electrode reaction in aqueous solution at normal temperature and normal pressure to generate current to supply energy to the outside.
And (3) placing the sodium metal anode coated with the electrolyte membrane into a cathode lithium sulfate solution, and inserting a 20 x 80mm polished and bright copper sheet as a cathode current collector to obtain the fuel cell with the theoretical specific energy of 1854 W.h/kg.
And performing electrochemical performance test on the assembled sodium-water fuel cell, wherein the open-circuit voltage range is 1.85-2.60V, the theoretical specific capacity is 1165mAh/g, and the actually-measured discharge specific capacity is 950 mAh/g.
Comparative example 1
The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is used as a comparison to show that the voltage of a single cell is 0.8-0.97V, and the theoretical specific energy is 3600 W.h/kg, compared with the embodiment 1, (1) both the open-circuit voltage and the theoretical specific energy are in disadvantages; (2) the electrolyte is a caustic alkali solution which is strong in corrosivity and is solid at room temperature (liquid at 204-260 ℃), so that the required working temperature of the battery is high; when the acid electrolyte is adopted, a cation exchange membrane is needed, but the internal resistance of the ion exchange membrane is higher, and the discharge current density is small. (3) Most of the hydrogen electrodes are made of porous nickel and noble metal catalysts such as platinum and palladium, and the oxygen electrodes are porous silver pole pieces, so that the manufacturing cost of the battery is high.
Comparative example 2
The zinc-air battery is used as a comparison to show that the open-circuit voltage of the zinc-air battery is 1.4-1.5V, and the theoretical specific energy is 1090 W.h/kg (containing oxygen), compared with the zinc-air battery in examples 1-3, the open-circuit voltage and the theoretical specific energy of the zinc-air battery are both lower than those of the fuel battery of the invention; (2) the zinc-air battery has high use cost, and the relatively complex charging process requires that a zinc electrode is taken out to be charged in a special charging tank, so that the added value of the actual operation cost is higher. (3) The zinc-air battery has short actual service life, and the zinc and air electrodes are required to be made into porous shapes, so that the porous electrodes can adsorb oxygen, but also adsorb partial carbon dioxide at the same time, so that the electrolyte is carbonated, and the efficiency of the battery is greatly reduced.
Claims (7)
1. A fuel cell, characterized by: the fuel cell is a sodium-water fuel cell and comprises an anode, a cathode and a diaphragm, and a noble metal catalyst is not needed in the sodium-water fuel cell;
in a sodium water fuel cell: respectively putting an anode and a cathode into two electrolytic cells by taking metal sodium as an anode active substance and water as a cathode active substance, preparing an electrolyte membrane wrapping the anode as a diaphragm, isolating the anode and the cathode through the diaphragm, and assembling to obtain the sodium-water fuel cell;
the electrolyte membrane wrapping the anode is prepared by the following steps: adding a molecular sieve dried NMP (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) reagent into PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) powder dried in vacuum to be fully dissolved, stirring, uniformly mixing, standing and defoaming to form a clear transparent mixed solution I; at a molar concentration of 1 mol. L-1 LiPF6In the ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate electrolyte, according to the mass ratio of 4:1,adding PAN (polyacrylonitrile) and lithium perchlorate additive, quickly mixing and uniformly stirring, standing for defoaming, heating and dissolving to prepare transparent mixed solution II; coating the mixed solution I on an anode sodium sheet to form a film by tape casting, drying by using a hot air gun to remove residual solvent, and drying to obtain a first layer of film; according to the method, a mixed solution II is used, a second layer of film is formed on an anode sodium sheet by tape casting and drying, finally, the mixed solution I is used for coating two layers as an outermost diaphragm layer, liquid drops are mutually contacted along with the successive evaporation of a solvent, sol is gradually changed into gel, and finally PVDF/PAN-LiClO which is uniformly distributed is formed on an anode sodium metal sheet4PVDF dense membranes.
2. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the cathode active material water is in a gas state, a liquid state, a gel state or a solid state; the gel-state hydrogel substance is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide and polymaleic anhydride water-soluble high molecular polymers.
3. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the cathode further comprises a current collector, the current collector is in any one of a foil, a foam, a net or a three-dimensional nano array, and the current collector is made of one or more of stainless steel alloy, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon and conductive resin.
4. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the cathode comprises an electrolyte, the electrolyte can ionize conducting ions in water, and the electrolyte is one or more of acid, alkali or salt; wherein, the acid is organic acid or inorganic acid, the organic acid is one or more of sulfonic acid and derivatives thereof, acetic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid and acrylic acid, the inorganic acid is one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, iodic acid and boric acid, the alkali is one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and ammonia water, and the salt is one or more of potassium sulfate, lithium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate and sodium carbonate.
5. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the cathode comprises an additive, wherein the additive comprises a cosolvent, a conductive agent and a binder; the cosolvent is one or more of ethanol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, N-dimethylformamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; the conductive agent is one or more of acetylene black, carbon fiber, carbon nano tube, Ketjen black and graphene, and the binder is one or more of PVDF, CMC, SBR and PTFE.
6. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the anode comprises a current collector, the current collector is in any one of a foil, a foam, a net or a three-dimensional nano array, and the current collector is made of one or more of stainless steel alloy, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon and conductive resin.
7. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the anode comprises an electrolyte which can dissolve in a solvent and ionize conductive ions; the anode electrolyte component is a mixture of one or more of acid, alkali or salt, wherein the acid is organic acid or inorganic acid, the organic acid comprises one or more of sulfonic acid and derivatives thereof, acetic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid and acrylic acid, and the inorganic acid comprises one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, iodic acid and boric acid; the alkali comprises one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and ammonia water, and the salt comprises one or more of lithium hexafluorophosphate, potassium sulfate, lithium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate and sodium carbonate; the electrolyte is in one of a liquid state, a gel state or an all-solid state, wherein the liquid electrolyte contains a solvent, and the solvent is one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate; the anode contains an additive, the additive is a simple substance or a compound, the simple substance comprises one or more of carbon, copper, zinc, aluminum, cobalt, iron and nickel simple substance powder, and the compound comprises one or more of magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, iron sulfide and barium sulfide.
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| CN110034319A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2019-07-19 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | A kind of zinc-water fuel cell and its application in power generation production hydrogen |
| CN109494335B (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2021-08-06 | 苏州华骞时代新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium battery gel polymer diaphragm, preparation method and electrostatic spinning device |
| CN109841931B (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2024-01-09 | 成都天智轻量化科技有限公司 | Magnesium chloride fuel cell |
| CN111342099B (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-11-17 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | Preparation method of proton exchange membrane of fiber framework fuel cell |
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