CN109841931B - Magnesium chloride fuel cell - Google Patents
Magnesium chloride fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN109841931B CN109841931B CN201910161038.XA CN201910161038A CN109841931B CN 109841931 B CN109841931 B CN 109841931B CN 201910161038 A CN201910161038 A CN 201910161038A CN 109841931 B CN109841931 B CN 109841931B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- electrolyte
- chlorine
- fuel cell
- magnesium chloride
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- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010062745 Chloride Channels Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000011045 Chloride Channels Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZNMXOKPQPNMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Cl] Chemical compound [Mg].[Cl] QGZNMXOKPQPNMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001325 element alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a magnesium chloride fuel cell, which comprises a magnesium chloride fuel cell, and comprises a cell body, a chlorine storage gasification system and an electrolyte circulation regeneration system, wherein the electrolyte circulation regeneration system comprises a filter, an extraction stirrer, a water purifier, a standing device and an electrolyte storage tank, the outside of the standing device is communicated with the electrolyte storage tank, and a second power pump is arranged on the outside of the electrolyte storage tank. The utility model provides a magnesium chloride fuel cell's battery body, includes battery case and chlorine passageway, the inside of battery case is provided with the negative pole membrane module, and the inside of negative pole membrane module is provided with the magnesium alloy anode plate, the inside centre of battery case is fixed with the battery axis. The magnesium chloride fuel cell takes the multi-element magnesium alloy with excellent performance as an anode, has high electrochemical conversion rate, uniform electrochemical reaction and stable current and voltage; chlorine is used as an oxidant, the electrode potential is high, the cost is low, and the energy density is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of novel fuel cells, in particular to a magnesium chloride fuel cell.
Background
Energy is an important material basis for survival and development of human society. And the electric energy is used as the most main secondary energy, along with the rapid development of economy, the demand of human beings for electric energy is increased, and the transformation and upgrading of the electric energy industry are promoted. At present, the most applied lithium ion battery in the market has the advantages of small self-discharge, high specific capacity, good cycle performance, environmental friendliness and the like, and has rapid development and relatively mature technology. However, lithium resources on the earth are limited, the cost of the lithium ion battery is high, the specific energy is too low, and the safety problem exists, so that the requirements of the pure electric vehicle cannot be met.
Magnesium is widely used as a battery material, and is a high-energy battery anode material next to lithium. Compared with hydrogen fuel cells, the magnesium fuel cell has high specific energy, safe and convenient use, easy storage and transportation of fuel, wide usable temperature range and rich magnesium storage, is one of the most abundant metal elements in crust and the second largest chemical element in sea water, greatly reduces the cost of the cell and has wide application prospect.
Because magnesium has active chemical property and higher activity in neutral salt electrolyte, but oxygen and hydrogen peroxide are used as oxidants to be electrochemically catalyzed and reduced into hydroxyl ions in the neutral salt electrolyte to generate magnesium hydroxide precipitation, so that the battery is invalid, the open-circuit voltage (electrode potential when no current flows) of an oxygen electrode is 0.4V less than the thermodynamic value of the oxygen electrode, serious polarization occurs when current flows, and micro-battery reaction, namely self-corrosion reaction, is caused by surface impurities when common magnesium alloy is used as an anode, so that the actual open-circuit voltage of the battery is reduced, the anode efficiency is reduced, and the service life is shortened. In addition, there are magnesium-seawater dissolved oxygen fuel cells and the like, but the fuel cells have low efficiency due to limited dissolved oxygen content in seawater, and cannot meet the requirements of large power cells.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a magnesium chloride fuel cell, which solves the problems that some batteries in the current market provided by the background technology have higher cost, low specific energy and short service life, and the safety problem exists.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides a magnesium chloride fuel cell, includes battery body, chlorine storage gasification system and electrolyte circulation regeneration system, the outside of battery body is connected with heat exchanger, and the outside of heat exchanger sets up and is connected with the chlorine storage jar, the outside of heat exchanger is connected with the filter through first power pump, the outside of filter is connected with extraction agitator, and extraction agitator's outside intercommunication has water purifier and a ware of standing, the outside intercommunication of a ware of standing has the electrolyte holding vessel, and the second power pump is installed in the outside of electrolyte holding vessel.
Preferably, the heat exchanger and the chlorine storage tank form a chlorine storage gasification system, and the chlorine in the chlorine storage tank is in a liquid state.
Preferably, the filter, the extraction stirrer, the water purifier, the standing device and the electrolyte storage tank form an electrolyte circulation regeneration system, and the extraction stirrer, the water purifier and the standing device form a circulation loop.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the rest device to the heat exchanger to the extraction stirrer is 1:1:1, and the driving force of liquid flow among the heat exchanger, the extraction stirrer and the rest device is driven by pressure.
The utility model provides a chlorine magnesium fuel cell's battery body, includes battery case and chlorine passageway, the inside of battery case is provided with the negative pole membrane module, and the inside of negative pole membrane module is provided with the magnesium alloy anode plate, be fixed with the battery axis in the middle of the inside of battery case, and the centraxonal outside of battery is fixed with the baffle, be provided with the electrolyte bath between baffle and the negative pole membrane module, be provided with the chlorine passageway between negative pole membrane module and the battery case.
Preferably, the battery shell is a cylindrical or rectangular shell with a containing space, the battery shell is made of chloride ion corrosion resistant stainless steel, and the inner wall of the battery shell is coated with a layer of insulating material.
Preferably, the cathode membrane component is an electron-conductive film composed of carbon material (one or more of graphite, activated carbon, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube and nitrogen/boron doped graphene), polytetrafluoroethylene high molecular polymer (polytetrafluoroethylene or polybenzimidazole), current collector and catalyst.
Preferably, the magnesium alloy anode plate is a magnesium alloy formed by taking magnesium as a matrix and adding a small amount or trace amount of alloy elements such as aluminum, lead, zinc, manganese, cerium, indium, gallium, tin, mercury and the like, and the magnesium alloy anode plate (13) is arranged to be of a porous curved surface structure.
Preferably, the central shaft of the battery is fixedly connected with the battery shell, the inside of the central shaft of the battery is communicated with the electrolyte tank, and the partition plates are uniformly distributed (inserted) on the outer side of the central shaft of the battery and can be combined and replaced at will.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the magnesium chloride fuel cell takes the multi-element magnesium alloy with excellent performance as an anode, has high electrochemical conversion rate, uniform electrochemical reaction and stable current and voltage; chlorine is used as an oxidant, so that the electrode potential is high, the cost is low, and the energy density is high;
(1) The adopted magnesium alloy anode has excellent performance, and can obviously improve the electrochemical conversion rate and the utilization rate of the battery anode;
(2) The fuel cell takes chlorine as an oxidant, and forms a cell reaction cathode together with a cathode film component, namely a chlorine electrode, wherein the electrode has higher potential and can increase the open-circuit voltage of the cell;
(3) The cathode film component consists of a waterproof breathable layer, a catalytic layer and a conductive layer, so that chlorine can pass through the anode of the magnesium alloy to generate electric potential through electrochemical reaction, and electrolyte can be prevented from exuding;
(4) The provided electrolyte is neutral salt nonaqueous electrolyte, can effectively slow down the self-corrosion effect of magnesium and improve the efficiency of the magnesium chloride fuel cell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a magnesium chloride fuel cell device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a circular structure of a magnesium chloride fuel cell body according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a square structure of a magnesium chloride fuel cell body according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a battery body; 2. a heat exchanger; 3. a chlorine storage tank; 4. a first power pump; 5. a filter; 6. an extraction stirrer; 7. a water purifier; 8. a standing device; 9. an electrolyte storage tank; 10. a second power pump; 11. a battery case; 12. a cathode membrane assembly; 13. a magnesium alloy anode plate; 14. a battery center shaft; 15. a partition plate; 16. an electrolyte bath; 17. a chlorine passageway; 18. a chlorine gas storage gasification system; 19. and an electrolyte circulation regeneration system.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides a magnesium chloride fuel cell, including cell body 1, heat exchanger 2, chlorine storage tank 3, first power pump 4, filter 5, extraction agitator 6, water purifier 7, the ware of standing 8, electrolyte holding vessel 9, second power pump 10, chlorine stores gasification system 18 and electrolyte circulation regeneration system 19, the outside of cell body 1 is connected with heat exchanger 2, and the outside of heat exchanger 2 sets up and is connected with chlorine storage tank 3, the outside of heat exchanger 2 is connected with filter 5 through first power pump 4, the outside of filter 5 is connected with extraction agitator 6, and the outside intercommunication of extraction agitator 6 has water purifier 7 and ware of standing 8, the outside intercommunication of ware of standing 8 has electrolyte holding vessel 9, and second power pump 10 is installed in the outside of electrolyte holding vessel 9.
The heat exchanger 2 and the chlorine storage tank 3 form a chlorine storage gasification system 18, the chlorine in the chlorine storage tank 3 is in a liquid state, and the chlorine is stored in the liquid state, so that the device has small volume, large reserve, good safety and convenient use, the heat exchanger 2 can realize the function of gasifying liquid chlorine by utilizing heat exchange between a hot electrolyte solution and the liquid chlorine, and the introduction quantity and the introduction speed of the chlorine are regulated by a power controller; but also can separate out magnesium chloride which is an electrode reaction product dissolved in the electrolyte, thereby realizing the first-stage purification of the electrolyte.
The electrolyte circulation regeneration system 19 comprises a heat exchanger 2, a filter 5, an extraction stirrer 6, a water purifier 7, a standing device 8 and an electrolyte storage tank 9, wherein the volume ratio of the heat exchanger 2 to the extraction stirrer 6 to the standing device 8 is 1:1:1 respectively, electrolyte cooled by heat exchange with liquid chlorine enters the filter 5 to be filtered, then the electrolyte is fully mixed with pure water in the extraction stirrer 6, magnesium chloride is exchanged into water from an organic medium, the mixed solution is introduced into the standing device 8, the two liquids are automatically layered, the lower layer is rich in water, the upper layer solution is regenerated electrolyte solution, and the second-stage purification of the electrolyte is realized; the regenerated electrolyte solution is pumped into the electrolyte reservoir 9 to prepare the electrolyte needed to replenish the fuel cell, allowing the electrode reaction to continue. The aqueous solution in the lower layer can be discharged into the water purifier 7, purified water can be extracted after purification for a plurality of times, and pure water required in the extraction stirrer 6 can be supplied. If the regenerated electrolyte is lost after multiple times of circulation, new electrolyte can be injected into the electrolyte storage tank 9 from outside, so that the working stability of the whole battery system is ensured. The whole system works intermittently, a battery voltage monitoring system gives a signal, a first power pump 4 and a second power pump 10 are activated, valves of a battery electrolyte outlet and a chlorine outlet are opened, and electrolyte is discharged.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides a magnesium chloride fuel cell's battery body, including battery case 11, cathode membrane assembly 12, magnesium alloy anode plate 13, battery axis 14, baffle 15, electrolyte pond 16 and chlorine passageway 17, the inside of battery case 11 is provided with cathode membrane assembly 12, and the inside of cathode membrane assembly 12 is provided with magnesium alloy anode plate 13, be fixed with battery axis 14 in the middle of the inside of battery case 11, and the outside of battery axis 14 is fixed with baffle 15, be provided with electrolyte pond 16 between baffle 15 and the cathode membrane assembly 12, be provided with chlorine passageway 17 between cathode membrane assembly 12 and the battery case 11.
The battery shell 11 is a cylindrical or rectangular shell with a containing space, the battery shell 11 is made of chloride ion corrosion resistant stainless steel, and the inner wall of the battery shell is coated with a layer of insulating material; the cathode membrane component 12 is an electronically conductive film composed of carbon material (one or more of graphite, activated carbon, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube and nitrogen/boron doped graphene), polytetrafluoroethylene high molecular polymer (polytetrafluoroethylene or polybenzimidazole), current collector and catalyst, and has the functions of waterproof, gas-barrier, electric conduction and catalytic activity; the magnesium alloy anode plate 13 is made of magnesium serving as a matrix, and a small amount or trace amount of alloy elements such as aluminum, lead, zinc, manganese, cerium, indium, gallium, tin, mercury and the like are added into the magnesium alloy, and the magnesium alloy anode plate 13 is of a porous curved surface structure, so that the electrode reaction area is increased; the central shaft 14 of the battery is fixedly connected with the battery shell 11, the electrolyte tank 16 is communicated with the inside of the central shaft 14 of the battery, electrolyte can be quantitatively and uniformly distributed into each monomer of the fuel cell series connection, and can also be conveyed into the electrolyte circulation regeneration system 19 through a pump, and the partition plates 15 are uniformly distributed (inserted) on the outer side of the central shaft 14 of the battery, so that the partition plates 15 can be randomly combined and replaced, taken out and put in conveniently, and regeneration or cleaning is facilitated.
The central shaft 14 of the battery body is a pipeline for fixing the partition plate 15 and pumping and discharging electrolyte, not only can convey the electrolyte into the battery body, but also can realize the function of reversely pumping the electrolyte waste liquid in the battery, and can be reused after being pumped back into the regeneration circulation device for purification treatment. The inside of the middle shaft pipeline of the battery is provided with a closable feeding port, electrolyte can be quantitatively and uniformly distributed into each monomer of the fuel cell in series connection, and can also be collectively pumped back into the waste material tank of the electrolyte regeneration and circulation device, and the circumference of the pipeline is provided with a plurality of clamping grooves for fixing the partition plate 15, so that the partition plate 15 can be conveniently taken out and put in and is convenient to clean.
The separator 15 divides the battery into 4-12 battery units, and the batteries are connected in series through the positive electrode and the negative electrode, so that the power generation efficiency of the battery is improved. And the quantity of the battery monomers connected in series can be adjusted by arranging the partition plates 15 according to the requirement, so that the maintenance is convenient, and the service life of the battery is prolonged. The reaction anode of the cell is a magnesium alloy plate, and the cathode is formed by the cathode membrane assembly 12 and chlorine, and can also be called a chlorine electrode. Chlorine enters a chlorine channel 17 between the cell shell and the cathode membrane assembly 12 through a pipeline, can uniformly penetrate the cathode membrane assembly 12 and enter an electrolyte tank 16, and is subjected to electrochemical reaction with the magnesium alloy anode plate 13 in the electrolyte. The cathode membrane assembly 12 of (1) is composed of a waterproof and breathable layer, a catalytic layer and a conductive layer, and can prevent electrolyte from seeping into a chlorine bin and can also convey chlorine required by a battery reaction.
Example III
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution: a magnesium chloride fuel cell;
(1) Anode: the magnesium alloy is made of magnesium alloy plate with thickness of 2-20 mm, and is characterized in that the magnesium alloy is a multi-element alloy which is formed by taking magnesium as a main body, adding aluminum, lead, zinc, manganese and the like, and adding trace alloying elements of cerium, indium, gallium, tin and mercury. The mass weight percentage content of each component of the magnesium alloy is as follows:
(2) And (3) cathode: the film which mainly comprises a carbon material, a high polymer and a current collector and can pass through electrons has the functions of water resistance, ventilation, conductivity and catalytic activity, wherein the carbon material with the thickness of 1-10 mm is formed by one or more of graphite, activated carbon, carbon fiber, carbon nano tube and nitrogen/boron doped graphene, the high polymer is polytetrafluoroethylene or polybenzimidazole, and then manganese dioxide, noble metal and other catalysts are added into the high polymer to be embedded into the carbon material so as to improve the reactivity.
(3) Electrolyte solution: the organic solvent is selected from amide solvents represented by N, N-Dimethylformamide (DFM), sulfone solvents represented by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and one or more of ether compounds tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether. The method has the advantages that no sediment is generated when the battery is subjected to discharge reaction, the self-corrosion problem of the magnesium anode is relieved, the potential difference of the two electrodes is improved, and the battery efficiency is improved.
(4) The invention discloses a battery discharge reaction mechanism:
anode: magnesium loses electrons and undergoes oxidation reaction: mg to Mg 2+ +2e - ，-2.37V
And (3) cathode: the electrons obtained from chlorine are reduced: cl 2 +2e - →2Cl - ，1.358V
The potential of the magnesium chloride fuel cell discharge reaction is 3.728V, which is higher than that of the common power sources such as hydrogen fuel cells, magnesium/air cells and aluminum/air cells. And by adopting the electrolyte, the side reaction is restricted to generate Mg (OH) 2 Precipitation and MgCO 3 Precipitation to improve battery efficiency.
(5) The battery system of the invention can be used independently or can be combined arbitrarily according to the requirement, and the size range of the unit cells is as follows: 150-800 mm long, 100-450 mm wide, 100-400 mm high, and total weight of 1-80 kg. The energy density was 2100wh/kg, at a current density of 150mA/cm 2 Under the condition of (2) the power density can reach 49w/kg.
(6) The assembly method of the fuel cell is two, one is that the unit cell systems are directly connected in series/in parallel, the installation is convenient and quick, and the carrying and the replacement are convenient; and the battery bodies are connected in series/in parallel, and share the same chlorine storage device and electrolyte regeneration and circulation system, so that the volume is greatly reduced, the weight is reduced, and the efficiency of supplementing chlorine and replacing electrolyte is higher. The second assembly is recommended. Regardless of the assembly mode, the maximum power of the fuel cell system can reach 500W, and the use requirements of electric automobiles and the like are met.
(7) The fuel cell of the invention has longer service life and is updated once in 1-2 years. The parts which are mainly required to be replaced are an anode plate and a cathode film, the anode plate can be remelted to prepare other parts, and the cathode film can be reused through separation and disassembly. The electrolyte can be self-circulated and cleaned, and the separated liquid is only required to be discharged periodically. The separated magnesium chloride solution can be dried and electrolyzed, and can regenerate magnesium metal to be reused as the anode of the battery.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a magnesium chloride fuel cell, includes battery body (1), chlorine storage gasification system (18) and electrolyte circulation regeneration system (19), its characterized in that: the battery comprises a battery body (1), wherein the outer side of the battery body (1) is connected with a heat exchanger (2), the outer side of the heat exchanger (2) is provided with a chlorine storage tank (3), the outer side of the heat exchanger (2) is connected with a filter (5) through a first power pump (4), the outer side of the filter (5) is connected with an extraction stirrer (6), the outer side of the extraction stirrer (6) is communicated with a water purifier (7) and a standing device (8), the outer side of the standing device (8) is communicated with an electrolyte storage tank (9), and the outer side of the electrolyte storage tank (9) is provided with a second power pump (10);
the filter (5), the extraction stirrer (6), the water purifier (7), the standing device (8) and the electrolyte storage tank (9) form an electrolyte circulation regeneration system (19), and the extraction stirrer (6), the water purifier (7) and the standing device (8) form a circulation loop;
a cell body of a magnesium chloride fuel cell, comprising a cell housing (11) and a chlorine channel (17), characterized in that: the battery is characterized in that a cathode membrane assembly (12) is arranged in the battery shell (11), a magnesium alloy anode plate (13) is arranged in the cathode membrane assembly (12), a battery center shaft (14) is fixed in the middle of the inside of the battery shell (11), a partition plate (15) is fixed on the outer side of the battery center shaft (14), an electrolyte tank (16) is arranged between the partition plate (15) and the cathode membrane assembly (12), and a chlorine channel (17) is arranged between the cathode membrane assembly (12) and the battery shell (11);
the cathode membrane component (12) is a thin film which is formed by carbon materials, one or more of graphite, activated carbon, carbon fiber, carbon nano tube and nitrogen/boron doped graphene, polytetrafluoroethylene high polymer and conductive electrons, wherein the polytetrafluoroethylene high polymer is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, a current collector and a catalyst;
the magnesium alloy anode plate (13) is made of magnesium serving as a matrix and added with a small amount or trace amount of alloy elements such as aluminum, lead, zinc, manganese, cerium, indium, gallium, tin, mercury and the like, and the magnesium alloy anode plate (13) is of a porous curved surface structure.
2. A magnesium chloride fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein: the heat exchanger (2) and the chlorine storage tank (3) form a chlorine storage gasification system (18), and the chlorine in the chlorine storage tank (3) is in a liquid state.
3. A magnesium chloride fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein: the volume ratio of the stewing device (8), the heat exchanger (2) and the extraction stirrer (6) is 1:1:1, and the liquid flowing driving forces among the heat exchanger (2), the extraction stirrer (6) and the stewing device (8) are all driven by pressure.
4. The cell body of a magnesium chloride fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein: the battery shell (11) is a cylindrical or rectangular shell with a containing space, the battery shell (11) is made of chloride ion corrosion resistant stainless steel, and the inner wall of the battery shell is coated with a layer of insulating material.
5. The cell body of a magnesium chloride fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein: the battery center shaft (14) is fixedly connected with the battery shell (11), the inside of the battery center shaft (14) is communicated with the electrolyte tank (16), and the partition plates (15) are uniformly distributed (inserted) on the outer side of the battery center shaft (14) and can be combined and replaced at will.
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| CN110729501B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-11-27 | 北京机械设备研究所 | Recycling metal fuel cell system and reaction product separation method thereof |
| CN113690469B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2022-12-06 | 浙江大学 | Aluminum-water electrochemical cell system |
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