CN108623750A - 一种化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08F2438/00—Living radical polymerisation
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- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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Abstract
本发明公开了本发明化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法通过在有氧空气气氛的条件下通过电子束辐照聚四氟乙烯,粉碎后获得聚四氟乙烯微粉,所获得的聚四氟乙烯微粉表面带有羧酸基团,再利用化学修饰的方法,在聚四氟乙烯微粉表面首先接枝能够引发自由基的引发剂,再通过原子转移自由基聚合实现表面聚合物接枝,克服了传统自由基聚合方法需要在无氧的条件下辐照或使用新鲜辐照的聚四氟乙烯微粉,对于产生的自由基已经转化羰基的聚四氟乙烯微粉采用该方法也能通过自由基聚合实现表面接枝。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备技术,尤其涉及化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法,属于高分子材料改性技术领域。
背景技术
聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)是一种性能优异的工程塑料,有“塑料王”的美誉。主要是由于聚四氟乙烯由高键能的C-F键所形成,C-C骨架受到F原子的保护,形成低表面能的保护层,具有极小的摩擦系数,同时具有极好的耐酸碱、耐热、耐候等性能。目前已经应用于如防腐、耐磨、工程塑料等领域。聚四氟乙烯微粉为尺寸在亚微米或微米级的聚四氟乙烯细微颗粒构成,具有与普通聚四氟乙烯同样的使用温度范围、耐候性、耐化学药品性、滑动性、不粘性。
聚四氟乙烯微粉常被作为塑料、橡胶、润滑油、油墨、涂料的防粘、减摩添加剂使用。通常聚四氟乙烯微粉通过电子束等辐照的方法将高分子量的聚四氟乙烯转化为低分子量,再经过粉碎来制备。PTFE辐照时,会经历脱氟的过程形成大分子自由基(R·)。如果在高温无氧熔融态的情况下,这些自由基会实现双基终止,形成交联PTFE或树枝化的结构。在常温条件下这些自由基会进一步失活,形成三氟甲基(-CF3)和双键(—CF=CF2)。如果PTFE辐照发生在室温空气气氛中,产生的自由基会进一步产生羰基(-C=O)如酰氟基(-COF),酰氟基进一步水解生成羧酸(-COOH)。这些产生的少量的极性基团可以辅助聚四氟乙烯微粉在溶剂和基底中的分散,但效果并不显著。为了进一步提高聚四氟乙烯微粉在溶剂及基底中的分散,需要对聚四氟乙烯微粉的表面进行改性处理。
在现有的表面改性技术中,2012年9月20日申请的中国专利CN102977276A公开了一种水性聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法,利用辐照聚四氟乙烯产生的过氧化物自由基,引发丙烯酸聚合在聚四氟乙烯微粉表面接枝聚丙烯酸,获得比较稳定的水性聚四氟乙烯微粉分散液,可以用于水性涂料的添加。2014年3月19日申请的中国专利CN103923264A公开了一种亲水亲油聚四氟乙烯微粉及制备方法,在无氧条件下辐照聚四氟乙烯粉碎,在水和醇的混合溶剂中,加入表面活性剂、亲水单体、亲油单体、阻聚剂等,通过自由基聚合接枝亲水、亲油聚合物。这些技术主要利用自由基聚合方法对聚四氟乙烯微粉表面进行接枝处理,需要辐照时产生稳定的自由基,比如需要在无氧的条件下辐照、或使用新鲜辐照的物料,而对于产生的自由基已经转化羰基的聚四氟乙烯微粉将不再适合,需要开发新的表面接枝方法。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法,用以解决上述问题。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:
步骤(一):辐照聚四氟乙烯微粉制备。
在有氧的空气气氛中,利用电子加速器辐照聚四氟乙烯,然后,用气流粉碎机进行粉碎,制备粒径1-20μm的辐照聚四氟乙烯微粉,优选的,本发明所述辐照聚四氟乙烯微粉粒径在2-5μm。
本发明所述聚四氟乙烯来源为悬浮聚四氟乙烯树脂、分散聚四氟乙烯树脂,以及模铸产生的聚四氟乙烯边角料、回料经过破碎处理等原料。
将辐照粉碎生产的辐照聚四氟乙烯微粉在通风环境下堆放大约一个月及以上,所制备的微粉基本没有气味挥发,说明辐照聚四氟乙烯微粉酰氟键基本转化为羧基。
步骤(二):引发剂表面接枝的聚四氟乙烯微粉。
将步骤(一)制备得到的辐照聚四氟乙烯微粉在溶剂中通过超声和高速搅拌进行分散,随后加入一定量的缩水甘油和催化剂二甲基咪唑溶解,通入氮气将空气赶尽,加热到140℃以上反应2~10h,冷却后过滤,用甲醇充分洗涤后烘干,设置辐照聚四氟乙烯微粉与缩水甘油重量比例为8:1~1:1,缩水甘油与催化剂二甲基咪唑的比例为10:1~5:1。优选的,所述溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和环己酮中的至少一种。
将烘干后的物料用超声和高速搅拌分散于溶剂如二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯等溶剂中,添加一定量的三乙胺,常温滴加2-溴异丁酰溴,反应10-24h,制备引发剂表面接枝的聚四氟乙烯微粉,设置经过缩水甘油反应的辐照聚四氟乙烯微粉与2-溴异丁酰溴的重量比例为10:1~1:1,优选的,重量比例为5:1~2:1。将上述所制备的引发剂表面接枝的聚四氟乙烯微粉标记为PTFE-Br微粉。
步骤(三):聚合物表面接枝改性聚四氟乙烯微粉。
将步骤(二)所制备的PTFE-Br微粉通过原子转移自由基聚合实现表面聚合物接枝,具体操作如下:首先PTFE-Br微粉用超声和高速搅拌分散于溶剂,加入反应的单体,有机配体,通氮气彻底去除氧气,在氮气保护下加入催化剂,加热反应。反应结束后引入空气,反应即终止,将生成的反应物用溶剂彻底清洗后,获得化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉。
上述各组分的质量份数为:
PTFE-Br微粉:15-30份
单体:20-30份
有机配体:0.2-1份
催化剂:0.2-1份
溶剂:30-60份。
优选的,步骤(三)中,所述溶剂选自甲苯、二甲苯、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、甲基亚砜(DMSO)、丁酮、二氧六环、异丙醇和正丁醇等中至少一种溶剂。
优选的,步骤(三)中,所述单体为含乙烯基基团的单体,优选的,所述单体为丙烯酸酯类单体、甲基丙烯酸酯类单体和苯乙烯类单体中的至少一种,优选的,所述单体为丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、寡聚乙二醇单甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯和对甲氧基苯乙烯等中的至少一种。
优选的,步骤(三)中,所述有机配体为联吡啶(Bpy)、N,N,N',N,'N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺(PMDETA)和三苯基膦等中的一种。
优选的,步骤(三)中,所述催化剂为氯化亚铜(CuCl)、溴化亚铜(CuBr)和氯化铁(FeCl2)等中的一种。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:本发明化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法通过在有氧空气气氛的条件下通过电子束辐照聚四氟乙烯,粉碎后获得聚四氟乙烯微粉,所获得的聚四氟乙烯微粉表面带有羧酸基团,再利用化学修饰的方法,在聚四氟乙烯微粉表面首先接枝能够引发自由基的引发剂,再通过原子转移自由基聚合实现表面聚合物接枝,克服了传统自由基聚合方法需要在无氧的条件下辐照或使用新鲜辐照的聚四氟乙烯微粉的缺陷,对于产生的自由基已经转化羰基的聚四氟乙烯微粉采用该方法也能通过自由基聚合实现表面接枝,本发明所述化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法使用范围广。
具体实施方式
以下为本发明的具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案做进一步的描述,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例一
步骤一:辐照聚四氟乙烯微粉制备。
悬浮PTFE树脂用GJ-2型电子加速器辐照,辐照剂量20Mrad,完成后通过粉碎机粉碎,分级后获得3~5μm的辐照聚四氟乙烯微粉,堆放一个月。
步骤二:引发剂表面接枝的聚四氟乙烯微粉。
取辐照聚四氟乙烯微粉100g作为样品,在500mL二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂中通过超声和高速搅拌进行分散,随后加入25g缩水甘油,4g二甲基咪唑溶解,通入氮气将空气赶尽,加热到150℃以上反应8h,冷却后过滤,用甲醇充分洗涤后烘干。称取20g烘干的物料,用超声和高速搅拌分散于100mL二氯甲烷溶剂中,添加2mL三乙胺,常温滴加2mL的2-溴异丁酰溴,反应24h,离心分离,用水和甲醇分别洗涤三次,真空烘箱40℃烘干(标记为PTFE-Br微粉)。
步骤三:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯亲油聚合物表面接枝PTFE微粉
取PTFE-Br微粉20份,在60份丁酮溶剂中通过超声和高速搅拌进行分散,加入20份甲基丙烯酸甲酯,0.2份PMDETA,通氮气30min去除氧气,在氮气保护下加入0.2份CuBr,升高温度到50℃,快速搅拌,反应8h,完成后打开反应装置,将空气引入使反应停止。所得产物通过抽滤,用四氢呋喃洗去残余的单体和杂质,通过红外光谱分析,得到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯亲油聚合物表面接枝PTFE微粉。
实施例二
实施例二与实施例一的区别在于,步骤三制备聚苯乙烯亲油聚合物表面接枝PTFE微粉,具体操作步骤如下:
步骤三:聚苯乙烯亲油聚合物表面接枝PTFE微粉
取PTFE-Br微粉20份,在60份甲苯溶剂中通过超声和高速搅拌进行分散,加入20份苯乙烯单体,0.2份Bpy,通氮气30min去除氧气,在氮气保护下加入0.2份CuBr,升高温度到70℃,快速搅拌,反应8h,完成后打开反应装置,将空气引入使反应停止。所得产物通过抽滤,用四氢呋喃洗去残余的单体和杂质,通过红外光谱分析,得到聚苯乙烯亲油聚合物表面接枝PTFE微粉。
实施例三
实施例三与实施例一的区别在于,步骤三制备聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯亲水聚合物表面接枝PTFE微粉,具体操作步骤如下:
步骤三:聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯亲水聚合物表面接枝PTFE微粉
取PTFE-Br微粉20份,在60份丁酮溶剂中通过超声和高速搅拌进行分散,加入20份甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,0.2份PMDETA,通氮气30min去除氧气,在氮气保护下加入0.2份CuBr,升高温度到50℃,快速搅拌,反应8h,完成后打开反应装置,将空气引入使反应停止。所得产物通过抽滤,用四氢呋喃洗去残余的单体和杂质,通过红外光谱分析,得到聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯亲水聚合物表面接枝PTFE微粉。
实施例四
实施例四与实施例一的区别在于,步骤三制备环氧改性的表面接枝PTFE微粉,具体操作步骤如下:
步骤三:环氧改性的表面接枝PTFE微粉
取PTFE-Br微粉20份,在60份丁酮溶剂中通过超声和高速搅拌进行分散,加入20份甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,0.2份PMDETA,通氮气30min去除氧气,在氮气保护下加入0.2份CuBr,升高温度到50℃,快速搅拌,反应8h,完成后打开反应装置,将空气引入使反应停止。所得产物通过抽滤,用四氢呋喃洗去残余的单体和杂质,通过红外光谱分析,得到环氧改性的聚合物表面接枝PTFE微粉。
实施例五
实施例五与实施例一的区别在于,步骤三制备聚(甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯-苯乙烯)亲水-亲油共聚物表面接枝PTFE微粉,具体操作步骤如下:
步骤三:聚(甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯-苯乙烯)亲水-亲油共聚物表面接枝PTFE微粉
取PTFE-Br微粉20份,在60份丁酮溶剂中通过超声和高速搅拌进行分散,加入8份甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,12份苯乙烯单体,0.2份PMDETA,通氮气30min去除氧气,在氮气保护下加入0.2份CuBr,升高温度到50℃,快速搅拌,反应8h,完成后打开反应装置,将空气引入使反应停止。所得产物通过抽滤,用四氢呋喃洗去残余的单体和杂质,通过红外光谱分析,得到聚(甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯-苯乙烯)亲水-亲油共聚物表面接枝PTFE微粉。
本发明化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法利用化学修饰的方法,在聚四氟乙烯微粉表面首先接枝能够引发自由基的引发剂,再通过原子转移自由基聚合实现表面聚合物接枝,对于产生的自由基已经转化羰基的聚四氟乙烯微粉采用该方法也能通过自由基聚合实现表面接枝,本发明所述化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法使用范围广。
本领域的技术人员可以对发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包括这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (10)
1.一种化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤(一):通过在有氧空气气氛的条件下通过电子束辐照聚四氟乙烯,粉碎后获得辐照聚四氟乙烯微粉,并在通风环境下堆放;
步骤(二):利用化学修饰的方法,在辐照聚四氟乙烯微粉表面接枝能够引发自由基的引发剂得到引发剂表面接枝的聚四氟乙烯微粉;
步骤(三):通过原子转移自由基聚合实现表面聚合物接枝。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(二)具体操作为:所述辐照聚四氟乙烯微粉在催化剂二甲基咪唑的作用下与缩水甘油反应,然后再与2-溴异丁酰溴反应,得到引发剂表面接枝的聚四氟乙烯微粉。
3.根据权利要求2所述的化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(二)中,辐照聚四氟乙烯微粉与缩水甘油重量比为8:1~1:1,缩水甘油与催化剂二甲基咪唑的比例为10:1~5:1。
4.根据权利要求2所述的化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法,其特征在于,经过缩水甘油反应的辐照聚四氟乙烯微粉与2-溴异丁酰溴的重量比例为10:1~1:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(三)具体操作为:所述引发剂表面接枝的聚四氟乙烯微粉与反应的单体和有机配体,在氮气保护下加入催化剂,加热反应至结束,获得化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉。
6.根据权利要求5所述的化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法,其特征在于,采用引入空气的方法终止反应。
7.根据权利要求5所述的化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述引发剂表面接枝的聚四氟乙烯微粉、单体、有机配体、催化剂和溶剂的质量份数如下:
PTFE-Br微粉:15-30份
单体:20-30份
有机配体:0.2-1份
催化剂:0.2-1份
溶剂:30-60份。
8.根据权利要求5所述的化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(三)中,所述单体为丙烯酸酯类单体、甲基丙烯酸酯类单体和苯乙烯类单体中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求5所述的化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(三)中,所述有机配体为联吡啶、N,N,N',N,'N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺和三苯基膦中的一种。
10.根据权利要求5所述的化学表面接枝聚四氟乙烯微粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(三)中,所述催化剂为氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜和氯化铁中的一种。
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