CN108620612B - 工具 - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN108620612B
CN108620612B CN201710940439.6A CN201710940439A CN108620612B CN 108620612 B CN108620612 B CN 108620612B CN 201710940439 A CN201710940439 A CN 201710940439A CN 108620612 B CN108620612 B CN 108620612B
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Prior art keywords
cutting edge
boron nitride
cubic boron
edge tip
tip
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CN201710940439.6A
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CN108620612A (zh
Inventor
佐佐木泰岳
宫泽骏辅
福岛雄一郎
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Tungaloy Corp
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Tungaloy Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/148—Composition of the cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/18—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with cutting bits or tips or cutting inserts rigidly mounted, e.g. by brazing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/141—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
    • B23B27/145—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness characterised by having a special shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/18—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with cutting bits or tips or cutting inserts rigidly mounted, e.g. by brazing
    • B23B27/20—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with cutting bits or tips or cutting inserts rigidly mounted, e.g. by brazing with diamond bits or cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
    • B23P15/30—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools lathes or like tools
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
    • C04B35/583—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on boron nitride
    • C04B35/5831—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on boron nitride based on cubic boron nitrides or Wurtzitic boron nitrides, including crystal structure transformation of powder
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    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/14—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on borides
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    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
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    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/04—Overall shape
    • B23B2200/0428—Lozenge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/04—Overall shape
    • B23B2200/0428—Lozenge
    • B23B2200/0433—Lozenge rounded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/04—Overall shape
    • B23B2200/0447—Parallelogram
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/04—Overall shape
    • B23B2200/0447—Parallelogram
    • B23B2200/0452—Parallelogram rounded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/36—Other features of cutting inserts not covered by B23B2200/04 - B23B2200/32
    • B23B2200/3618—Fixation holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2222/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
    • B23B2222/28—Details of hard metal, i.e. cemented carbide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
    • B23B2224/04—Aluminium oxide
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    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
    • B23B2224/08—Aluminium nitride
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    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
    • B23B2224/12—Chromium carbide
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    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
    • B23B2224/24—Titanium aluminium nitride
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    • B23B2224/32—Titanium carbide nitride (TiCN)
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Abstract

提高由立方晶氮化硼烧结体形成的切削刃尖端相对于由超硬合金形成的基体的接合强度。提高由立方晶氮化硼烧结体形成的切削刃尖端的耐月牙洼磨损性。本发明的工具(10)具有由超硬合金形成的基体(12)和与基体(12)接合的由立方晶氮化硼烧结体形成的切削刃尖端(14)。切削刃尖端(14)具有从基体(12)的上表面(12a)到下表面(12b)的厚度。立方晶氮化硼烧结体含有50体积％以上且95体积％以下的立方晶氮化硼和5体积％以上且50体积％以下的结合相。立方晶氮化硼的平均粒径为1.0μm以上且6.0μm以下。

Description

工具
技术领域
本发明涉及具有由超硬合金形成的基体和由立方晶氮化硼烧结体形成的切削刃尖端的工具。
背景技术
立方晶氮化硼具有仅次于金刚石的硬度和优异的导热性。此外，立方晶氮化硼具有与铁的亲和性低的特征。由立方晶氮化硼和金属、陶瓷的结合相构成的立方晶氮化硼烧结体已应用于切削工具及耐磨损工具等。
例如，作为有关使用了立方晶氮化硼烧结体的工具的现有技术，已知有专利文献1中记载的不重磨刀片(throw away chip)。专利文献1中记载的不重磨刀片具备由超硬合金形成的刀片主体和由超高硬度烧结体形成的切削刃尖端。切削刃尖端通过钎焊与形成在刀片主体上的凹处接合。在刀片主体和切削刃尖端的接合面局部地形成有间隙。
此外，专利文献2中记载了具备由超硬合金形成的主体和由立方晶氮化硼烧结体等超硬质材料形成的切削刃尖端的切削嵌件。切削刃尖端通过钎焊与主体接合。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2000-326111号
专利文献2：日本特表2006-526508号
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
近年来，为提高加工效率，有与以往相比切削条件变严的倾向。在这样的倾向中，要求比以前延长工具寿命。但是，在上述专利文献1中记载的工具中，由于由立方晶氮化硼烧结体形成的切削刃尖端的厚度薄，所以有时切削刃尖端相对于刀片主体的接合强度变得不充分。在此种情况下，在对工具施加高负荷的条件下，有切削刃尖端从刀片主体剥离的问题。
此外，在上述专利文献1中记载的不重磨刀片或上述专利文献2中记载的切削嵌件中，有因立方晶氮化硼烧结体氧化而使切削刃尖端的耐月牙洼磨损性降低的问题。如果切削刃尖端的月牙洼磨损进展，则切削刃尖端的强度下降。其结果是，切削刃尖端发生卷刃、缺损，工具寿命缩短。
本发明是鉴于上述情况而完成的，其目的在于在将由立方晶氮化硼烧结体形成的切削刃尖端与由超硬合金形成的基体接合而成的工具中，提高切削刃尖端相对于基体的接合强度。此外，本发明的目的在于提高切削刃尖端的耐月牙洼磨损性。
用于解决问题的手段
本发明的主旨如下。
(1)一种工具，其是具有由超硬合金形成的基体和与所述基体接合的由立方晶氮化硼烧结体形成的切削刃尖端的工具，其中，
所述切削刃尖端具有从所述基体的上表面到下表面的厚度，
所述立方晶氮化硼烧结体含有50体积％以上且95体积％以下的立方晶氮化硼和5体积％以上且50体积％以下的结合相，
所述立方晶氮化硼的平均粒径为1.0μm以上且6.0μm以下。
(2)根据(1)所述的工具，其中，所述立方晶氮化硼烧结体含有70体积％以上且85体积％以下的立方晶氮化硼和15体积％以上且30体积％以下的结合相。
(3)根据(1)或(2)所述的工具，其中，所述立方晶氮化硼的平均粒径为2.0μm以上且4.5μm以下。
(4)根据(1)～(3)中任一项所述的工具，其中，所述切削刃尖端和所述基体的接合面含有曲线部。
(5)根据(4)所述的工具，其中，所述曲线部含有曲率半径为50μm以上且1.0mm以下的曲线。
(6)根据(4)或(5)所述的工具，其中，
所述曲线部具有凹部和凸部，
从所述凹部的顶端到所述凸部的顶端的距离为0.1mm以上且0.7mm以下。
(7)根据(1)～(6)中任一项所述的工具，其中，所述切削刃尖端被钎焊在所述基体上。
(8)根据(1)～(7)中任一项所述的工具，其中，所述结合相含有由选自Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Al及Co中的至少1种金属和选自碳、氮、氧及硼中的至少1种元素组成的化合物。
发明效果
根据本发明，能够提高由立方晶氮化硼烧结体形成的切削刃尖端相对于由超硬合金形成的基体的接合强度。此外，根据本发明，能够提高切削刃尖端的耐月牙洼磨损性。
附图说明
图1是工具的立体图。
图2是工具的俯视图。
图3是工具的侧视图。
图4是图2所示的工具的A部的放大图。
具体实施方式
以下，对本发明的实施方式详细地进行说明。
实施方式涉及的工具具有由超硬合金形成的基体和与基体接合的由立方晶氮化硼烧结体形成的切削刃尖端。
图1是本发明的实施方式涉及的工具的立体图。图2是工具的俯视图。图3是工具的侧视图。图4是图2所示的工具的A部的放大图。
如图1～图4所示的那样，本实施方式涉及的工具10具有形成为大致菱形的平板状的基体12。在基体12的锐角即两个角部16a、16b上，通过钎焊分别接合有两个切削刃尖端14a、14b。以下，有时将两个切削刃尖端14a、14b一并表示为“切削刃尖端14”。
如图1、图2所示的那样，在基体12的上表面12a的中央部，以在其厚度方向贯通基体12的方式形成安装孔18。通过该安装孔18，可将由基体12及切削刃尖端14形成的工具10安装在加工装置的支架等上。
如图3所示的那样，切削刃尖端14具有从基体12的上表面12a到下表面12b的厚度T。通过这样的构成，能够使切削刃尖端14相对于基体12的接合面积增加，所以能够提高切削刃尖端14相对于基体12的接合强度。
此外，因切削刃尖端14和基体12的接触面积增加，而使例如切削中在切削刃尖端14产生的热向基体12散发的效果提高。其结果是，能够抑制切削刃尖端14的反应磨损，因而能够提高切削刃尖端14的耐月牙洼磨损性。另外，能够防止切削刃尖端14钎焊在基体12上的部分因热而软化。其结果是，可进一步提高切削刃尖端14相对于基体12的接合强度。
如图3所示的那样，优选切削刃尖端14的上表面与基体12的上表面12a一致。优选切削刃尖端14的下表面与基体12的下表面12b一致。切削刃尖端14的厚度T优选与基体12的厚度实质上相同。但是，切削刃尖端14的厚度T也可以比基体12的厚度稍薄。例如，切削刃尖端14的上表面也可以位于基体12的上表面12a的稍下方。即使在此种情况下，也可以说切削刃尖端14实质上具有从基体12的上表面12a到下表面12b的厚度T，所以可得到上述的本发明的效果。
切削刃尖端14优选从上表面到下表面一体地连接。此外，优选在切削刃尖端14的上表面与下表面之间不存在由超硬合金形成的基体12。在切削刃尖端14具有这样的构成时，能够使切削刃尖端14相对于基体12的接合面积增加，所以能够进一步提高切削刃尖端14相对于基体12的接合强度。
如图4所示的那样，在观察工具10的上表面时，优选切削刃尖端14和基体12的接合面20包含曲线部22。通过接合面20包含曲线部22，切削刃尖端14相对于基体12的接合面积增加，因而切削刃尖端14相对于基体12的接合强度提高。此外，因基体12和切削刃尖端14的接触面积增加，而使加工中切削刃尖端14产生的热向基体12散发的效果提高，从而能够抑制切削刃尖端14的反应磨损。
优选曲线部22包含曲率半径为50μm以上且1.0mm以下的曲线。在曲线部22包含曲率半径为50μm以上的曲线时，在将切削刃尖端14钎焊在基体12上时，能够防止切削刃尖端14出缺口。再者，在切削刃尖端14出缺口时，切削刃尖端14的钎焊后出缺口的部分作为空孔而残留，该空孔有时招致钎焊强度下降。
另一方面，在曲线部22含有曲率半径为1.0mm以下的曲线时，由立方晶氮化硼烧结体形成的切削刃尖端14和由超硬合金形成的基体12的钎焊面积增加，所以能够提高切削刃尖端14相对于基体12的接合强度。此外，加工中切削刃尖端14产生的热向基体12散发的效果提高，能够抑制切削刃尖端14的反应磨损。另外，能够提高将切削刃尖端14钎焊在基体12上时的刀尖的位置精度，所以能够提高切削刃尖端14的耐缺损性。
如图4所示的那样，优选曲线部22包含具有凹部24及凸部26的波形形状。凹部24及凸部26分别由曲线及直线构成。从凹部24的顶端到凸部26的顶端的距离D(沿着工具10的中心线L的方向的最大距离)优选为0.1mm以上且0.7mm以下。
在曲线部22包含上述那样的波形形状时，能够进一步提高将切削刃尖端14钎焊在基体12上时的刀尖的位置精度。其结果是，能够提高切削刃尖端14的耐缺损性。
特别是，在从凹部24的顶端到凸部26的顶端的距离D为0.1mm以上时，将切削刃尖端14钎焊在基体12上时的刀尖的位置精度提高。此外，因切削刃尖端14和基体12的接触面积增加，而使切削刃尖端14相对于基体12的接合强度提高，而且使加工中切削刃尖端14产生的热向基体12散发的效果提高。
另一方面，在从凹部24的顶端到凸部26的顶端的距离D为0.7mm以下时，因由立方晶氮化硼烧结体形成的切削刃尖端14的强度提高，在加工中能够抑制裂纹向切削刃尖端14进展。
再者，对曲线部22含有波形形状的例子进行了说明，但曲线部22的形状并不限定于此。曲线部22的形状只要是与直线时相比能够使基体12和切削刃尖端14的接触面积增加的形状即可。
对将切削刃尖端14通过钎焊接合在基体12上的例子进行了说明，但切削刃尖端14也可以通过其它手段接合在基体12上。例如，切削刃尖端14也能通过扩散接合与基体12接合。
本实施方式的工具10中，切削刃尖端14由立方晶氮化硼烧结体构成。立方晶氮化硼烧结体含有50体积％以上且95体积％以下的立方晶氮化硼和5体积％以上且50体积％以下的结合相。优选立方晶氮化硼烧结体含有70体积％以上且85体积％以下的立方晶氮化硼和15体积％以上且30体积％以下的结合相。
立方晶氮化硼烧结体含有50体积％以上的立方晶氮化硼和50体积％以下的结合相。通过立方晶氮化硼烧结体具有这样的组成，而使切削刃尖端14的导热率提高。如果切削刃尖端14的导热率提高，则能够抑制切削刃尖端14的反应磨损，因此使切削刃尖端14的耐月牙洼磨损性提高。此外，由于能够抑制用于接合切削刃尖端14的钎料因热而软化，所以能够防止加工时切削刃尖端14的位置发生偏移。更优选立方晶氮化硼烧结体含有70体积％以上的立方晶氮化硼和30体积％以下的结合相。通过立方晶氮化硼烧结体具有这样的组成，可更可靠地得到上述的本发明的效果。
立方晶氮化硼烧结体含有95体积％以下的立方晶氮化硼和5体积％以上的结合相。立方晶氮化硼烧结体通过具有这样的组成，而使切削刃尖端14的耐缺损性提高。立方晶氮化硼烧结体更优选含有85体积％以下的立方晶氮化硼和15体积％以上的结合相。通过立方晶氮化硼烧结体具有这样的组成，可更可靠地得到上述的本发明的效果。
本实施方式的工具10中，含在立方晶氮化硼烧结体中的立方晶氮化硼的平均粒径优选为1.0μm以上且6.0μm以下，更优选为2.0μm以上且4.5μm以下。
在立方晶氮化硼的平均粒径为1.0μm以上时，切削刃尖端14的导热率提高。如果切削刃尖端14的导热率提高，则能够抑制切削刃尖端14的反应磨损，因此使切削刃尖端14的耐月牙洼磨损性提高。此外，能够抑制用于接合切削刃尖端14的钎料因热而软化，所以能够防止加工时切削刃尖端14的位置偏移。
另一方面，在立方晶氮化硼的平均粒径为6.0μm以下时，切削刃尖端14的耐缺损性提高。
立方晶氮化硼烧结体含有立方晶氮化硼和结合相。
优选结合相含有选自Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Al及Co中的至少1种金属。或者，优选结合相含有由选自Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Al及Co中的至少1种金属和选自碳、氮、氧及硼中的至少1种元素组成的化合物。
本发明的工具例如可通过包含以下的(A)～(H)的工序的方法来制造。
工序(A)：将平均粒径为1.0～6.0μm的立方晶氮化硼50～90体积％和平均粒径为0.05～8.0μm的结合相的粉末10～50体积％混合(其中，它们的合计为100体积％)。优选结合相的粉末含有选自Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Al及Co中的至少1种金属。或者，优选结合相的粉末含有由选自Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Al及Co中的至少1种金属和选自碳、氮、氧及硼中的至少1种元素组成的化合物。
工序(B)：采用超硬合金制球，通过5～24小时的湿式球磨来混合工序(A)中得到的原料粉。
工序(C)：将工序(B)中得到的混合物成型成规定的形状，得到成型体。
工序(D)：在超高压发生装置的内部，以4.0～7.0GPa的压力，在1300～1500℃的范围的烧结温度下，将工序(C)中得到的成型体保持规定的时间进行烧结。
工序(E)：通过放电加工机，将工序(D)中得到的烧结体与工具形状一致地切取。
工序(F)：准备由超硬合金形成的基体。
工序(G)：通过钎焊等将工序(E)中切取的烧结体接合在工序(F)中准备的基体上。
工序(H)：对通过工序(G)得到的工具实施珩磨加工。
此外，也可以在经过从工序(A)到工序(H)得到的工具的表面上形成被覆层。被覆层可通过化学蒸镀法或物理蒸镀法来形成。通过在工具上形成被覆层，可得到本发明的被覆工具。
作为本发明的工具的例子，具体而言，可列举铣刀加工用或车削加工用的刀尖交换型切削嵌件、钻头及立铣刀等。
实施例
制作具有下表1所示的组成的发明品1～10及比较品1～5的工具。
表1
Figure BDA0001430446720000081
对发明品1～10及比较品1～5进行以下的测定。
(含在立方晶氮化硼烧结体中的立方晶氮化硼及结合相的比例)
用SEM拍摄立方晶氮化硼烧结体的断面组织。采用市售的图像解析软件对拍摄的断面组织的照片进行解析。具体而言，通过图像解析软件，分别求出断面组织中的立方晶氮化硼及结合相的占有面积。从占有面积的值分别求出含在立方晶氮化硼烧结体中的立方晶氮化硼及结合相的比例(体积％)。
(结合相的组成)
通过X射线衍射装置鉴定含在立方晶氮化硼烧结体中的结合相的组成。
(立方晶氮化硼的平均粒径)
对立方晶氮化硼烧结体的表面或任意的断面进行镜面研磨。采用SEM观察立方晶氮化硼烧结体的研磨面的反射电子像。此外，采用SEM拍摄放大到10000倍的立方晶氮化硼烧结体的组织照片。
采用市售的图像解析软件，求出组织照片内的与立方晶氮化硼的面积相等的面积的圆的直径作为立方晶氮化硼的粒径。
采用市售的图像解析软件，按照ASTM E 112-96，测定烧结体组织内存在的立方晶氮化硼的粒径。
测定组织照片内存在的多个立方晶氮化硼(cBN)的粒径。求出测定的立方晶氮化硼的粒径的平均值作为立方晶氮化硼的平均粒径。
(切削刃尖端的厚度)
对于切削刃尖端，使用具有从基体的上表面到下表面的厚度者和不具有从基体的上表面到下表面的厚度者。表2的“从上表面到下表面的切削刃尖端的厚度”的栏中，所谓“有”，意味着切削刃尖端具有从基体的上表面到下表面的厚度。所谓“无”，意味着切削刃尖端不具有从基体的上表面到下表面的厚度。
(曲线部的有无)
在表2的曲线部的“有无”的栏中，所谓“有”，意味着切削刃尖端和基体的接合部具有曲线部。所谓“无”，意味着切削刃尖端和基体的接合部没有曲线部，即接合部为直线。
(曲线部的曲率半径)
对具有曲线部的工具测定曲线部的曲率半径。具体而言，通过SEM拍摄工具的上表面，采用图像解析软件对拍摄的图像进行解析，由此测定曲线部的曲率半径。
(从凹部的顶端到凸部的顶端的距离)
对具有曲线部的工具，测定曲线部的从凹部的尖端到凸部的尖端的距离。具体而言，通过SEM拍摄工具的上表面，采用图像解析软件对拍摄的图像进行解析，由此测定从凹部的顶端到凸部的顶端的距离。
测定结果示于以下表2中。
表2
使用发明品1～10及比较品1～5，按以下的条件进行切削试验。
外周连续切削(车削)
被切削材：渗碳淬火了的烧结金属(HRC60～62)
被切削材形状：圆柱Φ63mm×200mm
切削速度：150m/min
切削深度：0.75mm
进给量：0.20mm/rev
嵌件形状：ISO标准CNGM120408
工具寿命：测定直到后隙面磨损量达到0.15mm的加工长度或直到达到缺损的加工长度。
表3
Figure BDA0001430446720000111
从表3所示的结果得知，本发明的工具与比较品相比工具寿命大幅度延长。此外，本发明的工具与比较品相比耐磨损性大幅度优异。
符号说明
10 工具
12 基体
12a 上表面
12b 下表面
14 切削刃尖端
20 接合面
22 曲线部
24 凹部
26 凸部

Claims (5)

1.一种工具，其是具有由超硬合金形成的基体和与所述基体接合的由立方晶氮化硼烧结体形成的切削刃尖端的工具，其中，
所述切削刃尖端具有从所述基体的上表面到下表面的厚度，
所述立方晶氮化硼烧结体含有50体积％以上且95体积％以下的立方晶氮化硼和5体积％以上且50体积％以下的结合相，
所述立方晶氮化硼的平均粒径为1.0μm以上且6.0μm以下，
在所述工具的上表面，所述切削刃尖端和所述基体的接合面含有曲线部，
所述曲线部含有曲率半径为50μm以上且1.0mm以下的曲线，
所述曲线部具有凹部和凸部，从所述凹部的顶端到所述凸部的顶端的距离为0.1mm以上且0.7mm以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的工具，其中，所述立方晶氮化硼烧结体含有70体积％以上且85体积％以下的立方晶氮化硼和15体积％以上且30体积％以下的结合相。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的工具，其中，所述立方晶氮化硼的平均粒径为2.0μm以上且4.5μm以下。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的工具，其中，所述切削刃尖端被钎焊在所述基体上。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的工具，其中，所述结合相含有由选自Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Al及Co中的至少1种金属和选自碳、氮、氧及硼中的至少1种元素组成的化合物。
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