Efficient separator and method for preparing biomass gas from kitchen waste
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of household garbage treatment, in particular to a high-efficiency separator for preparing biomass gas from kitchen garbage and a separation method.
Background
Kitchen waste refers to waste produced by food processing in daily life of residents, such as vegetable leaves and fruit peels which are cut and discarded, and mainly originates from home kitchens, restaurants, dining halls, markets and other industries related to food processing. The organic material remaining during kitchen processing is perishable and is commonly referred to as kitchen waste.
The existing kitchen garbage disposal mode is to mix the kitchen garbage into household garbage for incineration and power generation or landfill. With the accelerated development of urban processes and the continuous expansion of urban scale, the yield and accumulation of urban garbage are increasing year by year. And the kitchen garbage is high in water content and low in heat value, so that the kitchen garbage is unfavorable for incineration power generation. And the garbage is reduced due to the saturation of the landfill site and the forced pushing of garbage classification in each city, and the kitchen garbage is subjected to resource utilization after classified treatment.
The existing kitchen waste treatment method comprises the steps of aerobic fertilizer preparation and anaerobic biomass gas preparation, and the kitchen waste is from places such as residents, restaurants and the like, so that the resident classification consciousness is not strong, and the kitchen waste contains a large amount of household waste such as paper, metal, glass, plastics, batteries, leather, fabrics, dregs and bamboo. According to the prior art or equipment, the kitchen waste is recycled and utilized, and impurities are removed and organic matters are separated. At present, kitchen waste treatment and separation equipment is various in types, but is only suitable for treating single kitchen waste or kitchen waste with extremely small household waste content, and when kitchen waste with high impurity content is treated, the efficiency is low, and the machine operation is unstable, so that shutdown and production stopping are caused.
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the inventor designs a high-efficiency separator suitable for preparing biomass gas from kitchen waste containing high-impurity substances, realizes the functions of removing the impurity substances from the kitchen waste and automatic separation, and has the advantages of high treatment efficiency, no blockage in operation and stable machine operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a high-efficiency separator for preparing biomass gas from kitchen waste and a separation method.
The invention relates to a technical scheme that:
The efficient separator for preparing the biomass gas from the kitchen waste comprises a feeding chamber for temporarily placing the kitchen waste, an extrusion chamber arranged at one side of the feeding chamber, a feeding push head for pushing the kitchen waste in the feeding chamber into the extrusion chamber, and an extrusion push head for extruding the kitchen waste in the extrusion chamber; the extrusion chamber is provided with a discharge gate, the front end face of the discharge gate faces the feeding push head, the extrusion chamber is internally provided with a pore plate for separating organic perishable matters in kitchen waste from other sundries in the waste, and the extrusion push head extrudes the kitchen waste to separate the kitchen waste from the organic matters.
The efficient sorting machine for preparing the biomass gas from the kitchen waste further comprises a feeding hydraulic cylinder for controlling the feeding pushing head to move, an extrusion hydraulic cylinder for controlling the extrusion pushing head to move and a gate hydraulic cylinder for controlling the discharging gate to open and close.
The discharging gate is a lifting gate, the gate hydraulic cylinder is used for controlling the lifting of the discharging gate, and the gate hydraulic cylinder is arranged at the upper end, the lower end or the side edge of the discharging gate.
One preferable scheme is that the number of the feeding hydraulic cylinder, the extrusion hydraulic cylinder and the gate hydraulic cylinder is at least one.
The inner wall of the extrusion chamber is provided with a first through hole, and the first through hole is opposite to the extrusion surface of the extrusion pushing head.
The extrusion face of the extrusion pushing head is provided with a second through hole, and a runner communicated with the second through hole is arranged inside the extrusion pushing head.
One preferable scheme is that the orifice plate is arranged opposite to the front end face of the extrusion pushing head.
The preferable scheme is that the kitchen waste is kitchen waste, fruit and vegetable waste, household waste, garden waste or excrement.
One preferable scheme is that a feeding hopper is connected to a feeding port of the feeding chamber.
Another technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for separating kitchen waste by using an efficient separator for preparing biomass gas from the kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
Feeding, namely pouring kitchen waste into a feeding chamber;
Organic matters in the kitchen waste are separated from sundries, and the pushing head is extruded to extrude the kitchen waste so that the organic matters in the kitchen waste are separated from the sundries;
generating power by using the mixed substances or burying the mixed substances, and performing anaerobic fermentation on the organic matters to form biogas and biogas slurry;
The biogas slurry is prepared into liquid fertilizer, and biogas is used.
In combination with the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: organic perishable matters in kitchen waste are easy to separate, and the separated organic perishable matters are used for preparing biomass gas; solves the problem that kitchen garbage with high content of household garbage is difficult to automatically sort; the combination of various devices in the kitchen garbage sorting link is reduced.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, as well as the preferred embodiments thereof, together with the following detailed description of the invention, given by way of illustration only, together with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of C-C of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of kitchen waste sorting in the invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of illustrating the concepts and objects of the invention, the invention is further described in connection with the drawings and detailed description that follow.
1-3, A high-efficiency separator for preparing biomass gas from kitchen waste comprises a feeding chamber 2 for temporarily placing the kitchen waste, a pressing chamber 10 arranged at one side of the feeding chamber 2, a feeding push head 3 for pushing the kitchen waste in the feeding chamber 2 into the pressing chamber 10, and a pressing push head 8 for pressing the kitchen waste in the pressing chamber 10; the extrusion chamber 10 is provided with a discharge gate 6, the front end face of the discharge gate faces the feeding push head 3, a pore plate for separating organic perishable matters in kitchen waste from other sundries in the waste is arranged in the extrusion chamber 10, and the extrusion push head 8 extrudes the kitchen waste to separate the kitchen waste from the organic matters.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a loading hopper 1 is connected to a loading port of a loading chamber 2. The kitchen waste is poured into the feeding chamber 2 from the feeding hopper 1, the feeding push head 3 sends the kitchen waste into the extrusion chamber 10, at the moment, the feeding push head 3 stays at the end face of the extrusion chamber 10, namely, the position of the feeding push head 3 is shown in fig. 1, at the moment, the extrusion chamber 10 forms a closed space, and the kitchen waste is wrapped in the closed space; the extrusion pushing head 8 moves towards the extrusion chamber 10 and extrudes kitchen waste at high pressure, organic matters in the kitchen waste are extruded and separated out through a third through hole arranged on the pore plate, and sundry matters stay in the extrusion chamber 10; after the kitchen garbage is separated from the organic matters and the sundries, the extrusion pushing head 8 moves away from the extrusion chamber 10 and moves back to the original position; then, the discharge gate 6 is opened, the feeding pushing head 3 pushes the impurity in the kitchen garbage and pushes the impurity out of the extrusion chamber 10, and finally, the feeding pushing head 3 returns to the initial position, and the discharge gate 6 is closed.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, after the cyclic operation according to the above method steps, a certain amount of kitchen waste can be reserved in the hopper 1, and the kitchen waste can be continuously fed so that the machine can continuously operate for treatment.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the efficient separator for preparing biomass gas from kitchen waste further comprises a feeding hydraulic cylinder 4 for controlling the movement of the feeding push head 3, an extrusion hydraulic cylinder 9 for controlling the movement of the extrusion push head 8, and a gate hydraulic cylinder 5 for controlling the opening and closing of the discharge gate 6. The feeding hydraulic cylinder 4 can control the feeding push head 3 to be far away from or close to the extrusion chamber 10; the extrusion hydraulic cylinder 9 can control the extrusion pushing head 8 to be far away from or close to the extrusion chamber 10; the gate hydraulic cylinder 5 can control the opening and closing of the discharge gate 6. The moving directions of the feeding push head 3 and the extrusion push head 8 are mutually perpendicular and positioned on the same horizontal plane.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the discharge gate 6 is a lifting gate, the gate hydraulic cylinder 5 is used for controlling the lifting of the discharge gate 6, the position of the gate hydraulic cylinder 5 can be set according to the requirement, and the gate hydraulic cylinder 5 can be arranged at the upper end, the lower end or the side edge of the discharge gate.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the number of the feeding hydraulic cylinders, the extrusion hydraulic cylinders and the gate hydraulic cylinders can be set according to the needs, and the number of the feeding hydraulic cylinders, the extrusion hydraulic cylinders and the gate hydraulic cylinders is at least one.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the inner wall of the extrusion chamber 10 is perforated with a first through hole which is opposed to the extrusion face of the extrusion head 8. When the extrusion pushing head 8 extrudes kitchen waste in the extrusion chamber 10, part of organic matters are extruded from the first through hole and flow out of the extrusion chamber 10.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the extrusion surface of the extrusion pushing head 8 is provided with a second through hole, and a flow passage communicated with the second through hole is arranged inside the extrusion pushing head 8. When the extrusion pushing head 8 extrudes kitchen waste in the extrusion chamber 10, part of organic matters are extruded from the second through hole and flow into a flow channel arranged in the extrusion pushing head 8.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the orifice plate is disposed opposite to the front end face of the extrusion head 8.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the kitchen waste is kitchen waste, fruit and vegetable waste, household waste, garden waste or excrement.
The bottom plate of the extrusion chamber 10 is provided with a third through hole for separating organic perishable objects in the kitchen waste from other sundries in the waste.
In a second embodiment, a method for sorting kitchen waste by using a high-efficiency sorter for preparing biomass gas from kitchen waste includes the following steps:
S1, feeding, as shown in figures 1 to 4, a feeding port of a feeding chamber 2 is connected with a feeding hopper 1, kitchen waste is poured into the feeding chamber 2 from the feeding hopper 1, and a feeding pushing head 3 sends the kitchen waste into an extrusion chamber 10;
S2, separating organic matters from sundries in kitchen waste, wherein the feeding push head 3 stays at the end face of the extrusion chamber 10 as shown in fig. 1-4, namely, the feeding push head 3 is positioned as shown in fig. 1, and at the moment, the extrusion chamber 10 is in a form of a closed space, and the kitchen waste is wrapped in the closed space; the extrusion pushing head 8 moves towards the extrusion chamber 10 and extrudes kitchen waste at high pressure, organic matters in the kitchen waste are extruded and separated out through a third through hole arranged on the pore plate, and sundry matters stay in the extrusion chamber 10; after the kitchen garbage is separated from the organic matters and the sundries, the extrusion pushing head 8 moves away from the extrusion chamber 10 and moves back to the original position; then, the discharge gate 6 is opened, the feeding pushing head 3 pushes the impurity in the kitchen garbage and pushes the impurity out of the extrusion chamber 10, and finally, the feeding pushing head 3 returns to the initial position, and the discharge gate 6 is closed.
S3, generating electricity by sundry materials or burying;
s4, performing anaerobic fermentation on the organic matters to form biogas and biogas slurry;
S5, preparing liquid fertilizer from the biogas slurry, and using biogas.
The foregoing is a specific embodiment of the invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that modifications and variations may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications and variations are to be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.