CN109332366B - Kitchen waste treatment system and method - Google Patents

Kitchen waste treatment system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109332366B
CN109332366B CN201811459805.7A CN201811459805A CN109332366B CN 109332366 B CN109332366 B CN 109332366B CN 201811459805 A CN201811459805 A CN 201811459805A CN 109332366 B CN109332366 B CN 109332366B
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Prior art keywords
tank
screw
machine
kitchen waste
anaerobic digestion
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CN201811459805.7A
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CN109332366A (en
Inventor
唐立军
杨蒙
吕丹
李华峰
孙德文
杨华伟
牛明泽
孙冬月
刘洋
戴春美
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Dalian Lida Environment Engineering Co Ltd
Dalian Dongtai Organic Waste Treatment Co ltd
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Dalian Lida Environment Engineering Co Ltd
Dalian Dongtai Organic Waste Treatment Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20Waste processing or separation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kitchen waste treatment system, which comprises a movable storage tank, wherein a receiving tank is arranged at the lower part of the movable storage tank, a double-screw machine of a storage bin and a single-screw machine of the storage bin are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the receiving tank, an outlet of the single-screw machine of the storage bin is connected with a material sorting machine, and the material sorting machine is respectively connected with a screw conveyor and a crushing pulping machine; the outlet of the screw conveyor is connected with a screw extruder; the crushing pulping machine is sequentially connected with a slurry homogenizing tank, a storage acidification tank, a cyclone sand removal system, a fine adjustment tank and an anaerobic digestion tank. The system disclosed by the invention combines kitchen waste and sludge, can make up for the shortage of sludge organic matters, adjusts the ratio of available carbon and nitrogen of microorganisms, and improves the anaerobic fermentation efficiency and the gas production rate, so that the gas production efficiency is improved, the anaerobic digestion cost is reduced, the economic benefit of anaerobic digestion is improved, and the system becomes an important and effective means for recycling high-efficiency energy sources.

Description

Kitchen waste treatment system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a kitchen waste treatment system and a kitchen waste treatment method.
Background
The kitchen garbage comprises food residues of restaurants, restaurants and the like, and also comprises fruits and vegetables, food scraps, leftovers and the like which are discarded in daily life of families and perishable organic garbage of leftovers and the like, and has the characteristics of rich organic matter content, high water content, perishability and the like. Therefore, kitchen waste has the dual characteristics of waste and resources, and the resource treatment process is sought to be a basic guarantee and strategic idea for developing circular economy and realizing sustainable development of people and environment. However, in order to meet the production requirement of the subsequent recycling treatment process, the pretreatment of kitchen waste is an important process step, and the effect of the subsequent recycling utilization is directly affected. The pretreatment mainly separates the effective components required by the subsequent core treatment. The pretreatment technology commonly used at present mainly comprises roller screening, artificial and non-artificial sorting, crushing and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The anaerobic digestion treatment system for combining 200 tons of kitchen waste and 500 tons of sludge is an exemplary base for recycling kitchen waste in the first household of Dalian city, and serves as a model for urban application of harmless treatment test points of kitchen waste in China.
The invention provides a kitchen waste treatment system, which comprises: the device comprises a movable storage tank with a lifter, wherein a receiving tank is arranged at the lower part of the movable storage tank, a double-screw machine of a storage bin and a single-screw machine of the storage bin are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the receiving tank, an outlet of the single-screw machine of the storage bin is connected with a material sorting machine, the material sorting machine separates impurities and kitchen waste solids, and the material sorting machine is respectively connected with a screw conveyor and a crushing pulping machine;
The material sorting machine is generally composed of a driving device (comprising a gear motor and a crank connecting rod mechanism), a frame, a material receiving groove, sorting rake teeth, grid bars, a slag hopper and the like. Kitchen waste enters a receiving groove of a garbage sorting machine through a shaftless screw conveyor, then materials are spread out through swing of sorting rake teeth, pushed out to a slag hole and separated through grid strips, so that organic matters fall into a discharge hopper at the bottom and then fall into an inlet of a crusher for further treatment; and the grid slag falls into the slag discharge screw conveyor below under the action of inclination angle and gravity through the continuous pushing of the rake teeth, so that the next treatment is carried out. The separated impurities comprise chopsticks, bones, shells, metals, glass, ceramics (bowl, spoon), papers, fabrics and the like. A pipeline for separating liquid in the screw extruder is connected with a slurry homogenizing tank; the remaining impurities are transferred to an external collecting tank.
The crushing pulping machine is sequentially connected with a slurry homogenizing tank, a storage acidification tank, a cyclone sand removal system, a fine adjustment tank and an anaerobic digestion tank.
Further, in the above technical solution, the outlet of the screw conveyor is connected with the screw extruder; the resulting impurities are transferred to an outer barrel.
Further, in the technical scheme, the sewage in the single screw machine, the screw conveyor and the screw extruder of the storage bin is collected through pipelines to the sewage collecting tank.
According to the method for treating kitchen waste by the system, the mixing proportion of kitchen waste and sludge in the fine-tuning tank is less than 50%, layering phenomenon does not occur, the pH value of a tracking and measuring system is stably maintained within the range of 6.0-8.0, mixed materials are conveyed into an anaerobic digestion tank body through a screw pump, the reaction temperature is 35+/-2 ℃, the residence time is 18-24 days, the water content of the mixed materials is 85-92%, the organic matter degradation rate of the mixed materials can reach more than 60% (the sludge is more than 40%), and the organic load of the system can reach 3.0-4.0 kg/m 3/day at the highest time.
The process for treating kitchen waste by the technology comprises the following steps: kitchen waste enters a waste storage tank after being discharged, a knife gate valve is opened, materials in the waste storage tank are conveyed to a rotary fly knife crusher for crushing through a material lifting conveyor, crushed kitchen waste is extruded and pulped by special squeezing separation equipment to be finely divided, separation of organic matters and impurities and pulping of the organic matters are synchronously completed, the treated slurry enters a slurry storage tank and is combined with sludge to enter a digestion device, and the impurities enter a slag tank car after being extruded and dried (the water content is less than 70 percent) and are discharged to a landfill or a garbage harmless treatment facility as waste materials. The method can realize the recycling utilization of kitchen waste and sludge, has finer separation degree, small and compact occupied area of device facilities, high solid content of separated slurry which is higher than 15 percent, high matching property with the requirement of the subsequent anaerobic digestion process, advanced automation degree and simple and easy control of the process flow.
The specific process flow is as follows:
The synergistic material optimizing process system developed by the technical invention has the gas production potential of 80-110 cubic meters per ton, the degradation rate of organic matters of the kitchen waste of 40-70%, the slag rate of 10-30%, the methane content in the biogas of more than 50% and the methane content of the biomass gas of more than or equal to 80%.
The invention utilizes the existing facilities of a summer river sludge treatment plant, increases 200 tons of kitchen waste treatment, combines the kitchen waste and sludge, can make up for the shortage of sludge organic matters, adjusts the proportion of available carbon and nitrogen of microorganisms, solves the problem of independent anaerobic digestion technical risk of kitchen waste, improves anaerobic fermentation efficiency and gas production rate, thereby improving gas production benefit, reducing anaerobic digestion cost, improving economic benefit of anaerobic digestion, becoming an important effective means for high-efficiency energy recovery, enhancing the industrialization feasibility of the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion biogas production technology, and obtaining bioenergy therefrom, and has great research significance.
Advantageous effects of the invention
The project utilizes the existing treatment facilities of the large-connection Xia Guhe sludge treatment plant to combine and treat 200 tons of kitchen waste in the main urban area, and can achieve the following technical risk prevention effects and technical innovation advantages:
can effectively overcome the influence of insufficient alkalinity and nutrition of kitchen waste
The simple kitchen garbage is lack of enough alkalinity, so that the digestion reaction is stopped because the anaerobic digestion can be basically carried out only in an acidification stage, lime and the like are required to be added continuously according to the reaction condition at that time in the actual operation process to supplement the alkalinity consumed in the digestion reaction process, otherwise, the system cannot normally operate and the process is failed. Meanwhile, anaerobic digestion is a complete biodegradation process, so that the nutrient substances of the reaction medium are required to be balanced, otherwise, the microorganism malnutrition is easily caused to influence the metabolism degree and the decomposition efficiency, and the hidden trouble of process operation is induced. Municipal sludge is a zoogloea of microorganisms, has good self-nutrition balance, and can provide sufficient alkalinity to maintain digestion reaction.
Can effectively overcome the influence of grease (animals and plants)
The grease is a high energy storage substance in organisms, the biochemical properties of the grease are relatively stable compared with those of starch and protein, and in the traditional anaerobic digestion device, the grease and a reaction medium are layered and cannot be uniformly mixed due to low solid content of the medium, so that the smooth proceeding of biological reaction of the grease cannot be ensured; meanwhile, the high organic load impact can be generated in the digestion reaction due to the influence of the efficiency of the traditional digestion reaction device if the grease is too much, and meanwhile, the substances are difficult to thoroughly degrade and clean due to the influence of factors such as unstable reaction working conditions and low treatment efficiency, so that the poor treatment effect of the process and the hidden trouble of the operation fault of the process are easily caused. Anaerobic digestion is combined with sludge, and the concentration of the medium is high, so that on one hand, layering phenomenon does not occur after grease is mixed, and the mixing uniformity of materials is ensured; on the other hand, the high-concentration reaction medium enables the microbial flora participating in digestion to be higher in density, greatly strengthens the reaction efficiency and the reaction degree, and can bear the impact of organic load to a greater degree, thereby avoiding the hidden trouble of process faults caused by the impact of grease load.
Can effectively balance the influence of salt
Too high salt content in kitchen waste can inhibit anaerobic digestion reaction, is influenced by dietary characteristics, has a large change range of the salt content of the kitchen waste in China, and is easy to adversely affect the operation of an anaerobic digestion reaction device. The method for combining municipal sludge can effectively overcome and balance the influence of salt change in simple kitchen waste, thereby ensuring the stable operation of anaerobic digestion. The project adopts kitchen waste combined sludge to implement anaerobic digestion harmless treatment and resource utilization, can effectively overcome various problems existing in the anaerobic digestion treatment of the kitchen waste alone, and the technology is completely feasible. In addition, by utilizing the combination treatment of the existing facilities, the government does not need to additionally invest in building a new system, and the investment is saved while the prior art foundation is utilized and the environment is improved.
In addition, the system can realize the effective separation of impurities and kitchen waste materials, the bin double-screw machine has a crushing function, large plastic packaging bags can be crushed, the materials with the packaging bags can directly enter the system for treatment without being disassembled, the bin single-screw machine is used for conveying the materials to the material sorting machine, the material sorting machine can realize the effective separation of kitchen waste materials, thoroughly remove the impurities, and the effective kitchen waste materials can be screened out to the greatest extent so as to conveniently enter a subsequent anaerobic digestion system for treatment, the removal of the impurities can effectively prolong the service lives of a pipeline and a pump body, the treatment capacity of the system can be improved, the treatment efficiency can be improved, the productivity can be indirectly increased, and the economic benefit can be improved; the crushing pulping machine can screen materials according to specific gravity, and can blow out light impurities such as plastics while crushing the materials, so that the effectiveness of the components of the heavy materials is ensured; the impurities screened by the sorting machine are conveyed to the screw extruder through the screw conveyor, the extruded liquid enters the slurry homogenizing tank to be mixed with the effective components of the kitchen waste, and the other dry impurities are discharged, so that the process can realize the maximum screening and utilization of the kitchen waste, and all the effective components, including the materials and the liquid in the impurities, are separated and collected as much as possible; the material storage acidification tank can reduce the impact of the instantaneous material supply amount, can accelerate the acidification speed of kitchen waste, reduce the impact on the subsequent anaerobic digestion system due to the too fast hydrolysis acidification of the kitchen waste, shorten the material residence time and improve the reaction efficiency; the material storage acidification tank is subsequently connected with the cyclone sand removal system so as to effectively remove sand impurities in kitchen waste materials, and as shellfish is commonly found in diets in the Dalian area, the sand content in the kitchen waste is large, the materials in the acidification tank are hydrolyzed and acidified, the pH value of the materials is reduced, the flowability of the materials is increased, the cyclone sand removal is subsequently increased, the sand and material separation can be effectively realized, the material quality is improved, and equipment and a pumping system are protected. The whole set of kitchen waste pretreatment system can adjust the treatment speed according to the current situation and the material quantity of the materials, can change the operation frequency and realize flexible and efficient treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of the present invention;
in the figure, a lifter 1, a movable storage tank 2, a receiving tank 3, a storage bin 41, a storage bin double screw machine, a storage bin 42 single screw machine, a material sorting machine 5, a crushing pulping machine 6, a screw conveyor 7, a screw extruder 8, a sewage collecting tank 9, a storage acidification tank 10, a slurry homogenizing tank 11, a rotational flow sand removal system 12, an anaerobic digestion tank 13 and a fine adjustment tank 14 are arranged.
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples will enable those of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
Kitchen waste treatment system: the device comprises a movable storage tank 2 with a lifter 1, wherein a receiving tank 3 is arranged at the lower part of the movable storage tank 2, a bin double screw 41 and a bin single screw 42 are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the receiving tank 3, the outlet of the bin single screw 42 is connected with a material sorting machine 5, the material sorting machine 5 is used for separating impurities and kitchen waste solids, and the material sorting machine is respectively connected with a screw conveyor 7 and a crushing pulping machine 6; the crushing pulping machine 6 is sequentially connected with a slurry homogenizing tank 11, a storage acidification tank 10, a cyclone sand removal system 12, a fine adjustment tank 14 and an anaerobic digestion tank 13; the outlet of the screw conveyor 7 is connected with a screw extruder 8; the pipeline for separating liquid in the screw extruder 8 is connected with a slurry homogenizing tank 11; the resulting impurities are transferred to an outer barrel. The sewage in the single screw 4, screw conveyor 7, screw extruder 8 is collected by pipeline to sewage collection tank 9.
According to the method for treating kitchen waste by using the system, the mixing proportion of kitchen waste and sludge in the fine-tuning tank is less than 50%, layering phenomenon does not occur, the pH value of the tracking and measuring system is stably maintained within the range of 7.5, the mixed material is conveyed into the anaerobic digestion tank body by the screw pump, the reaction temperature is 35+/-2 ℃, the retention time is 20 days, the water content of the mixed material is 88%, the organic matter degradation rate of the mixed material can reach more than 50% (the sludge is more than 40%), and at the moment, the organic load of the system can reach 3.2kg/m 3/day at the highest, so that biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residue are obtained.
The deeply dehydrated biogas residues can be used as raw materials for preparing ceramsite and cement, and can be used as base fertilizer for vegetables and fruit trees and applied to agricultural production. The biogas residue with the water content reduced reduces the transportation cost in the transportation process, and meanwhile, other finished products are manufactured, so that certain economic benefit can be increased.

Claims (1)

1. A kitchen waste treatment method is characterized in that:
The kitchen waste treatment system comprises a movable storage tank, wherein a receiving tank is arranged at the lower part of the movable storage tank, a double-screw machine of a storage bin and a single-screw machine of the storage bin are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the receiving tank, the outlet of the single-screw machine of the storage bin is connected with a material sorting machine, and the material sorting machine is respectively connected with a screw conveyor and a crushing pulping machine; the outlet of the screw conveyor is connected with a screw extruder; a pipeline for separating liquid in the screw extruder is connected with a slurry homogenizing tank;
The crushing pulping machine is sequentially connected with a slurry homogenizing tank, a storage acidification tank, a cyclone sand removal system, a fine adjustment tank and an anaerobic digestion tank;
The mixing proportion of kitchen waste and sludge in the fine-tuning tank is less than 50%, the pH value of a tracking and measuring system is stably maintained within the range of 6.0-8.0, the mixed material is conveyed into an anaerobic digestion tank body through a screw pump, the reaction temperature is 35+/-2 ℃, the residence time is 18-24 days, the water content of the mixed material is 85-92%, the organic matter degradation rate of the mixed material reaches more than 50%, and at the moment, the organic load of the system reaches 3.0-4.0 kg/m 3/day;
The movable storage tank is connected with the lifter;
and collecting sewage in the storage bin single screw machine, the screw conveyor and the screw extruder to a sewage collecting tank through pipelines.
CN201811459805.7A 2018-11-30 2018-11-30 Kitchen waste treatment system and method Active CN109332366B (en)

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Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109877141A (en) * 2019-03-20 2019-06-14 西藏锦瑞环境科技有限责任公司 A kind of restaurant garbage treating system
BE1027822B1 (en) * 2019-12-04 2021-07-06 Biogas Solutions Nv Cyclone
CN112251331A (en) * 2020-10-19 2021-01-22 中国天楹股份有限公司 Dry anaerobic fermentation system for dry and wet sorting pretreatment of kitchen waste and treatment method thereof
CN112723700A (en) * 2020-12-26 2021-04-30 杭州国泰环保科技股份有限公司 Complete device for continuously separating and discharging sludge
CN113020216A (en) * 2021-03-11 2021-06-25 江苏欧尔润生物科技有限公司 Method for recycling kitchen garbage and performing centralized treatment mode

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102286541A (en) * 2011-07-14 2011-12-21 中城泓天(北京)环境科技发展有限公司 Method for preparing biogas through food waste, urban sludge and urban excrement
CN203030621U (en) * 2013-01-14 2013-07-03 桑德环境资源股份有限公司 Sorting and slurrying pre-processing system for kitchen waste
CN105925361A (en) * 2016-04-13 2016-09-07 江苏维尔利环保科技股份有限公司 Pretreatment method of anaerobic digestion treatment of kitchen garbage
CN209222860U (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-08-09 大连东泰有机废物处理有限公司 A kind of kitchen garbage processing system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102286541A (en) * 2011-07-14 2011-12-21 中城泓天(北京)环境科技发展有限公司 Method for preparing biogas through food waste, urban sludge and urban excrement
CN203030621U (en) * 2013-01-14 2013-07-03 桑德环境资源股份有限公司 Sorting and slurrying pre-processing system for kitchen waste
CN105925361A (en) * 2016-04-13 2016-09-07 江苏维尔利环保科技股份有限公司 Pretreatment method of anaerobic digestion treatment of kitchen garbage
CN209222860U (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-08-09 大连东泰有机废物处理有限公司 A kind of kitchen garbage processing system

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