CN108613909B - Rock mass loosening ring testing method based on drilling water pressing effect - Google Patents
Rock mass loosening ring testing method based on drilling water pressing effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN108613909B CN108613909B CN201810376008.6A CN201810376008A CN108613909B CN 108613909 B CN108613909 B CN 108613909B CN 201810376008 A CN201810376008 A CN 201810376008A CN 108613909 B CN108613909 B CN 108613909B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 329
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001141 propulsive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mass damage range and permeability measurement, and discloses a rock mass loosening ring testing method based on a drilling water pressing effect. The test probe comprises a front plugging device, a middle plugging device, a tail plugging device, a converter and a communicating pipe, wherein the plugging device comprises a water leakage pipe, a joint and a rubber bag, the joint and the rubber bag are connected to two ends of the water leakage pipe, the rubber bag is wrapped on the periphery of the water leakage pipe and forms a plugging cavity with the water leakage pipe, and an external water source is injected into the plugging cavity to expand the rubber bag and form a water injection cavity with a drill hole. The testing device can utilize the conversion from a plugging high-pressure water source to an observation low-pressure water source to realize that the plugging process and the testing process work under respective pressure under the same water source, reduces the number of pipelines in a drill hole to one, eliminates the winding problem of a drill rod and a hose, and improves the pressure conversion stability and the pushing and measuring efficiency at each time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mass destruction range and permeability measurement, and particularly relates to a rock mass loosening ring testing method based on a drilling water pressing effect.
Background
The measurement of the mining fracture zone range and permeability of the rock mass is a basic parameter for researching the rock mass destruction characteristics, and has important significance for further researching the relation between the mining fracture zone range and the rock mass movement rule and a stress field, and the traditional actual measurement device mainly comprises a direct current electric method, a transient electromagnetic method, a micro-seismic detection method and a water pressure test method. The reliability of a water pressure test method is the highest, a traditional device 'double-end side leakage device' is adopted to carry out water injection and drainage test, and the development height or depth of the rock stratum affected by mining is judged. There are two external systems of water injection operation panel and shutoff operation panel among the traditional device, operating personnel is more relatively, it has 2 to correspond the pipeline in the drilling, take place the intertwine problem easily at propulsive in-process, light then cause the device shutoff or observe the process unstable, heavy then break the gas supply line easily, cause the unable normal work of equipment, and, traditional device is a test unit, detection efficiency is low, how can realize the multistage and measure, reduce pipeline quantity in the drilling, and can effectual control water pressure, prior art fails to solve above-mentioned problem simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rock mass loosening ring testing method based on a drilling water pressing effect.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a rock mass loosening ring test method based on the action of drilling water pressure is provided, the tester comprises a test probe, a control operation platform 38, a drilling machine 14 and a drill rod 12;
the test probe comprises a plugging device, a converter 6 and a communicating pipe 28, wherein the plugging device comprises a front plugging device 35, a middle plugging device 36 and a tail plugging device 37; the stopper comprises a water leakage pipe 3, a joint and a rubber bag 5, wherein the joint and the rubber bag 5 are connected to two ends of the water leakage pipe, the rubber bag 5 is wrapped around the periphery of the water leakage pipe 3, a blocking cavity 30 is formed between the rubber bag and the water leakage pipe 3, an external water source is injected into a water leakage hole in the water leakage pipe 3, the blocking cavity 30 expands the rubber bag 5, and a water injection cavity is formed between the blocking cavity 30 and a drill hole 31;
the drilling machine 14 is connected with the test probe through a drill rod 12 and is used for lengthening and propelling the test probe to a designated area, the drill rod 12 is a hollow rod, is in threaded connection and is detachable, and a high-pressure water source can be conveyed inside the drill rod;
the control operation platform 38 comprises a water discharge switch 15, a flow meter 16, a mechanical pressure gauge 17, a master control switch 18 and an electronic pressure gauge 19, and the control operation platform 38 is connected with the drilling machine 14 through a high-pressure hose 13 and is responsible for providing an external water source with specified pressure for the test probe;
the front plugging device 35 comprises a first connector 2, a water leakage pipe 3, a second connector 4 and a rubber bag 5, wherein the first connector 2 and the second connector 4 are in threaded connection with the water leakage pipe 3, the rubber bag 5 is wound outside the water leakage pipe 3 and fixed outside the first connector 2 and the second connector 4 through a fastening ring 24 to form a plugging cavity 30 with the water leakage pipe 3;
the outer end of the first connector 2 is in threaded connection with a guide head 1, and the guide head 1 plays a role in guiding a test probe to smoothly slide in the drill hole 31;
the middle stopper 36 comprises a joint II 4, a water leakage pipe 3, a joint III 7 and a rubber bag 5, and the rubber bag 5 is fixed outside the joint II 4 and the joint III 7 through a fastening ring 24;
the tail plugging device 37 comprises two connectors III 7, a water leakage pipe 3 and a rubber bag 5, wherein the rubber bag 5 is fixed between the two connectors III 7 through a fastening ring 24;
the outer part of the joint III is in threaded connection with a circular baffle 11, and the diameter of the circular baffle 11 is larger than that of the rubber bag 5, so that the rubber bag 5 is prevented from falling off; the circle center baffle 11 is in threaded connection and can be disassembled, so that the rubber bag 5 can be conveniently replaced;
a first water injection cavity 29 and a second water injection cavity 34 are respectively formed between the front plugging device 35, the middle plugging device 36 and the tail plugging device 37 and the drill hole 31;
the converter 6 comprises a base body, a conversion body 10, a return spring 9 and an adjusting screw 8, and the converter 6 converts a high-pressure water source in the communicating pipe 28 into a low-pressure water source and conveys the low-pressure water source to the first water injection cavity 29 and the second water injection cavity 34;
the converter 6 is provided with a central through hole 32 and four peripheral through holes 33, and the four peripheral through holes 33 are symmetrically distributed around the central through hole 32;
the aperture of the left end of the central through hole 32 is smaller than that of the right end, and the side wall of each peripheral through hole 33 is correspondingly provided with a side leakage hole 25;
the conversion body 10, the reset spring 9 and the adjusting screw 8 are sequentially arranged in the peripheral through hole 33, threads are arranged on the inner wall of the left side of the peripheral through hole 33 and matched with the adjusting screw 8, so that the adjusting screw 8 rotates in the peripheral through hole 33, and the reset spring 9 is compressed to control the opening pressure of the conversion body 10;
the side wall of the adjusting screw 8 is provided with a hexagonal through hole 21, so that the adjusting screw 8 can be rotated conveniently, and the water pressure of the first water injection cavity 29 and the second water injection cavity 34 can be fed back conveniently, and the left end surface of the conversion body 10 can be adjusted conveniently;
the conical conversion body 10 is a cylinder with unequal diameters, the diameter of the left end surface of the conical conversion body is larger than that of the right end surface of the conical conversion body, a sealing conical surface 26 is formed at the transition position of the cylinder with unequal diameters and is matched with the sealing conical surface 26 on the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 33, and the sealing conical surface 26 forms an angle of 30 degrees;
an L-shaped water through hole 23 is formed in the conical conversion body 10, an annular water tank 22 is formed on the cylindrical outer surface close to the left end face of the conical conversion body 10, and the water through hole 23 is communicated with the annular water tank 22; when the external water source pushes the conical conversion body 10 to move leftwards, the annular water tank 22 is communicated with the side leakage hole 20, so that the external water source enters the first water injection cavity 29 or the second water injection cavity 34;
the working principle of the converter 6 is as follows:
(1) when the tapered transition body 10 satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≤PRight sideSRight sideWhen the water is injected into the first water injection cavity 29 or the second water injection cavity 34, the conical conversion body 10 moves leftwards, the annular water tank 22 is communicated with the side leakage hole 20, and water injection observation is carried out on the first water injection cavity 29 or the second water injection cavity 34;
(2) when the tapered transition body 10 satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≥PRight sideSRight sideWhen the water is injected into the water injection cavity, the conical conversion body 10 moves rightwards, the annular water tank 22 is sealed by the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 33, and water supply to the water injection cavity is stopped;
(3) if PRight sideToo large to prevent PRight sideWhen the inner wall of the drilling hole 31 of the water injection cavity part is damaged by extreme water pressure, the conical conversion body 10 moves leftwards until the annular water tank 22 moves to the left end of the side leakage hole 20 to form a secondary sealing effect with the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 33;
wherein, PLeft side ofObserving the water source pressure for the first or second water injection cavity, wherein the water source pressure is about 0.5MPa generally; pRight sideThe pressure of the external water supply is generally about 1.5MPa, SLeft side ofIs the water passing area, S, of the left end surface of the conical conversion bodyRight sideThe water passing area of the right end face of the conical conversion body, k is the elastic coefficient of the return spring, and x is the compression amount;
the control operation platform 38 comprises a water drain switch 15, a flow meter 16, a first pressure meter 17, a master control switch 18 and a second pressure meter 19, wherein the water drain switch 15 is responsible for releasing pressure water in the test probe, so that the rubber bag 5 is separated from the drill hole 31, and the drill 14 can conveniently push the test probe; the master control switch 18 is responsible for stopping supplying external water sources, the flow meter 16 is responsible for detecting real-time water quantity input to the test probe by the external water sources, the first pressure meter 17 is a mechanical meter, the second pressure meter 19 is an electronic meter, the readings of the first pressure meter and the second pressure meter are compared and checked with each other, and if the readings are approximately equal, the pressure is effective;
the quantity of water injection cavity, increase according to the demand, the design mode is the same.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) drilling construction: according to construction requirements, 3-5 drill holes with different directions and inclination angles a are constructed in the region of the rock mass 27 to be measured by using the drilling machine 14, the diameter of each drill hole 31 is 89mm, the length of each drill hole is about 70m, and chips in the drill holes 31 are cleaned;
(2) installing equipment: mounting each part of the test probe, sequentially connecting a drilling machine 14, a drill rod 12, a high-pressure hose 13 and a control operation table 38, and then transferring the test probe to the initial position of the drill hole 31 by using the drilling machine 14;
(3) and (3) sealing and checking: closing a water drain switch 15 of a control operation console 38, opening a master control switch 18, providing detection water pressure for a test probe, carrying out plugging tightness test on the rubber bag 5, if no obvious water leakage phenomenon exists, carrying out the next step of operation, otherwise, returning to the operation of the step (2), and checking the connection and installation conditions of each part until the connection and installation conditions are qualified;
(4) carrying out a pressurized water test: after the sealing test is qualified, performing a water pressing test to enable the test probe to be in an initial position, re-opening the master switch 18 on the control operation platform 38 and closing the water discharging switch 15 to provide a high-pressure water source for the test probe, entering the plugging cavity 30 through the communicating pipe 28 and the water leakage pipe 3, expanding the rubber bags 5 of the front plugging device 35, the middle plugging device 36 and the tail plugging device 37 to form a first water injection cavity 29 and a second water injection cavity 34 with the drill hole 31 respectively, adjusting the pressure of the external water source to gradually increase to 1.5MPa, starting the converter 6 of the pressure of the first water injection cavity 29 at the moment, injecting water into the first water injection cavity 29, and recording the indication Q of the flow meter when the flow meter is stable at the moment after the indication number of the flow meter is stable at the momenti1Continuously increasing the pressure of the external water source to 1.7MPa, at the moment, the converter 6 of the first water injection cavity 29 is closed due to the pressure rise, the water supply to the first water injection cavity 29 is stopped, the converter 6 of the second water injection cavity 34 is opened, water is injected into the second water injection cavity 34, and after the flow rate display number is stable, the display number Q of the flow rate display at the stable moment is recordedi2And recording the detection distance Li1And Li2；
(5) Pressure relief and propulsion: closing the master control switch 18, opening the water drain switch 15, releasing the pressure of the blocking cavity 30, closing the water drain switch 15 after the rubber bag 5 is separated from the drill hole 31, taking another drill rod 12 to lengthen the test probe, propelling the test probe to the next detection area by using the drill 14, and repeating the operation of the step (4) until the full length of the drill hole is detected;
(6) calculating and analyzing: respectively drawing different borehole inflow distribution maps according to the length of the borehole 31 and the corresponding water leakage of the observation hole section, analyzing the fracture development characteristics and permeability characteristics of different positions in the borehole length range, and further combining the borehole inclination angle a of different directions and the accumulated length (namely the water leakage mutation zero point) L of the continuous water leakage sectionn1+Ln2And (n is 1+2+. and k), calculating the damage range of the rock mass with different spatial ranges.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the prior art, the rock mass loosening ring tester with the function of water pressing in the drill hole has the advantages that the plugging and testing integration of the testing probe is realized, the number of pipelines which work in the drill hole at the same time is reduced to 1, the problem that multiple pipelines in the drill hole are mutually wound in the propelling process is solved, and the stability of the rock mass damage range measuring process is improved.
(2) The device has realized utilizing same external water source, makes observation process and shutoff process work problem under pressure separately, and can avoid observing the destructive action of water source pressure excess to the drilling crack, has improved the accuracy nature of rock mass destruction scope measurement process.
(3) The design of the conical conversion body in the converter, which is internally provided with the return spring and the sealing conical surface, not only facilitates the easy in-time resetting of the conical conversion body, improves the stability of the working process of the converter, but also solves the problem of the sealing property of plugging a water source to observe the conversion of the water source, and ensures the opening pressure.
(4) The design of the adjusting screw with the hexagonal through hole in the converter not only facilitates the compression and the reset spring of the rotating adjusting screw, controls the conical conversion body to have different opening and conversion pressures, has wide adjustment range, adapts to different working requirements, and can enable low-pressure water in the water injection cavity to act on the side surface of the conical conversion body through the feedback of the through hole in the adjusting screw, so that the pressure regulation is more sensitive and balanced.
(5) The design of annular water tank in the toper conversion body can solve the limbers and the converter delivery port non-corresponding problem in the toper conversion body, guarantees no matter how the toper conversion body rotates, and the water in its limbers all can flow to the converter export through annular water tank.
(6) The device has realized once advancing multistage measurement process in proper order, has improved and has advanced observation efficiency at every turn, compares with traditional device, has improved detection speed, has shortened the exploration time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and observation state of a rock mass loosening ring tester under the action of drilling water pressure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the pressure relief propulsion state of the rock mass loosening ring tester under the action of drilling and water pressing;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a test probe in the rock mass loosening coil tester for borehole water pressing according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a front plugging device in the rock mass loosening ring tester under the action of drilling water pressure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a middle stopper of the rock mass loosening ring tester under the action of drilling water according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a tail plugging device in the rock mass loosening ring tester under the action of drilling water according to the invention;
FIG. 7(a) is a front view of a converter structure in the rock mass loosening ring tester for borehole water pressing according to the present invention;
FIG. 7(b) is a side view of the structure of the converter in the rock mass loosening ring tester for borehole water pressing according to the present invention;
FIG. 8(a) is a schematic view of the static state of a converter in the rock mass loosening ring tester under the action of drilling water according to the present invention;
FIG. 8(b) is a schematic view of the working state of the converter in the rock mass loosening ring tester under the action of drilling water according to the present invention;
FIG. 9(a) is a front view of a cone-shaped conversion body structure in the rock mass loosening collar tester for borehole water pressing according to the present invention;
FIG. 9(b) is a rear view of a cone-shaped transition body structure in the rock mass loosening collar tester for borehole water pressing according to the present invention;
FIG. 9(c) is a structural side view of a conical conversion body in the rock mass loosening collar tester under the action of drilling water pressure according to the present invention;
FIG. 10(a) is a front view of an adjusting screw structure in the rock mass loosening ring tester for borehole water pressing according to the present invention;
FIG. 10(b) is a side view of the structure of an adjusting screw in the rock mass loosening ring tester for borehole water pressing according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1, a guide head; 2, connecting the first joint; 3, a water leakage pipe; 4, a second joint; 5, a rubber bag; 6 a converter; 7, a joint III; 8, adjusting screws; 9 a return spring; 10 a conical conversion body; 11 a circular baffle; 12 a drill pipe; 13 a high pressure hose; 14, a drilling machine; 15 a water discharging switch; 16 flow meters; 17, a first pressure gauge; 18 a master control switch; 19, a second pressure gauge; 20 side leak holes; 21 hexagonal through holes; 22 an annular water tank; 23, a water through hole; 24 fastening rings; 25 water leakage holes; 26 sealing the conical surface; 27 rock mass to be measured; 28 communicating pipes; 29, a first water injection cavity; 30, plugging the cavity; 31, drilling a hole; 32 a central through hole; 33 peripheral through holes; no. 34 water injection cavity; 35 a front occluder; 36 a mid-occlusion device; 37 tail occluder; 38 control the console.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.
The rock mass loosening ring tester based on the drilling water pressing effect comprises a test probe, a control operation platform 38, a drilling machine 14 and a drill rod 12;
the test probe comprises a plugging device, a converter 6 and a communicating pipe 28, wherein the plugging device comprises a front plugging device 35, a middle plugging device 36 and a tail plugging device 37; the stopper comprises a water leakage pipe 3, a joint and a rubber bag 5, wherein the joint and the rubber bag 5 are connected with two ends of the water leakage pipe, the rubber bag 5 is wound on the periphery of the water leakage pipe 3, a blocking cavity 30 is formed between the rubber bag and the water leakage pipe 3, an external water source is injected into the blocking cavity 30 to expand the rubber bag 5, and a water injection cavity is formed between the rubber bag and a drill hole 31;
the drilling machine 14 is connected with the test probe through a drill rod 12 and is used for lengthening and propelling the test probe to a designated area, the drill rod 12 is a hollow rod, is in threaded connection and is detachable, and a high-pressure water source can be conveyed inside the drill rod;
the control operation platform 38 comprises a water discharge switch 15, a flow meter 16, a mechanical pressure gauge 17, a master control switch 18 and an electronic pressure gauge 19, and the control operation platform 38 is connected with the drilling machine 14 through a high-pressure hose 13 and is responsible for providing an external water source with specified pressure for the test probe;
the front plugging device 35 comprises a first connector 2, a water leakage pipe 3, a second connector 4 and a rubber bag 5, wherein the first connector 2 and the second connector 4 are in threaded connection with the water leakage pipe 3, the rubber bag 5 is wound outside the water leakage pipe 3 and fixed outside the first connector 2 and the second connector 4 through a fastening ring 24 to form a plugging cavity 30 with the water leakage pipe 3;
the outer end of the first connector 2 is in threaded connection with a guide head 1, and the guide head 1 plays a role in guiding a test probe to smoothly slide in the drill hole 31;
the middle stopper 36 comprises a joint II 4, a water leakage pipe 3, a joint III 7 and a rubber bag 5, and the rubber bag 5 is fixed outside the joint II 4 and the joint III 7 through a fastening ring 24;
the tail plugging device 37 comprises two connectors III 7, a water leakage pipe 3 and a rubber bag 5, wherein the rubber bag 5 is fixed between the two connectors III 7 through a fastening ring 24;
the outer part of the joint III is in threaded connection with a circular baffle 11, and the diameter of the circular baffle 11 is larger than that of the rubber bag 5, so that the rubber bag 5 is prevented from falling off; the circle center baffle 11 is in threaded connection and can be disassembled, so that the rubber bag 5 can be conveniently replaced;
a first water injection cavity 29 and a second water injection cavity 34 are respectively formed between the front plugging device 35, the middle plugging device 36 and the tail plugging device 37 and the drill hole 31;
the converter 6 comprises a base body, a conversion body 10, a return spring 9 and an adjusting screw 8, and the converter 6 converts a high-pressure water source in the communicating pipe 28 into a low-pressure water source and conveys the low-pressure water source to the first water injection cavity 29 and the second water injection cavity 34;
the converter 6 is provided with a central through hole 32 and four peripheral through holes 33, and the four peripheral through holes 33 are symmetrically distributed around the central through hole 32;
the aperture of the left end of the central through hole 32 is smaller than that of the right end, and the side wall of each peripheral through hole 33 is correspondingly provided with a side leakage hole 25;
the conversion body 10, the reset spring 9 and the adjusting screw 8 are sequentially arranged in the peripheral through hole 33, threads are arranged on the inner wall of the left side of the peripheral through hole 33 and matched with the adjusting screw 8, so that the adjusting screw 8 rotates in the peripheral through hole 33, and the reset spring 9 is compressed to control the opening pressure of the conversion body 10;
the side wall of the adjusting screw 8 is provided with a hexagonal through hole 21, so that the adjusting screw 8 can be rotated conveniently, and the water pressure of the first water injection cavity 29 and the second water injection cavity 34 can be fed back conveniently, and the left end surface of the conversion body 10 can be adjusted conveniently;
the conical conversion body 10 is a cylinder with unequal diameters, the diameter of the left end surface of the conical conversion body is larger than that of the right end surface of the conical conversion body, a sealing conical surface 26 is formed at the transition position of the cylinder with unequal diameters and is matched with the sealing conical surface 26 on the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 33, and the sealing conical surface 26 forms an angle of 30 degrees;
an L-shaped water through hole 23 is formed in the conical conversion body 10, an annular water tank 22 is formed on the cylindrical outer surface close to the left end face of the conical conversion body 10, and the water through hole 23 is communicated with the annular water tank 22; when the external water source pushes the conical conversion body 10 to move leftwards, the annular water tank 22 is communicated with the side leakage hole 20, so that the external water source enters the first water injection cavity 29 or the second water injection cavity 34;
the working principle of the converter 6 is as follows:
(1) when the tapered transition body 10 satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≤PRight sideSRight sideWhen the water is injected, the conical conversion body 10 moves leftwards, the annular water tank 22 is communicated with the side leakage hole 20, and the first water injection cavity 29 or the second water injection cavity is injectedThe water cavity 34 is used for water injection observation;
(2) when the tapered transition body 10 satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≥PRight sideSRight sideWhen the water is injected into the water injection cavity, the conical conversion body 10 moves rightwards, the annular water tank 22 is sealed by the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 33, and water supply to the water injection cavity is stopped;
(3) if PRight sideToo large to prevent PRight sideWhen the inner wall of the drilling hole 31 of the water injection cavity part is damaged by extreme water pressure, the conical conversion body 10 moves leftwards until the annular water tank 22 moves to the left end of the side leakage hole 20 to form a secondary sealing effect with the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 33;
wherein, PLeft side ofObserving the water source pressure for the first or second water injection cavity, wherein the water source pressure is about 0.5MPa generally; pRight sideThe pressure of the external water supply is generally about 1.5MPa, SLeft side ofIs the water passing area, S, of the left end surface of the conical conversion bodyRight sideThe water passing area of the right end face of the conical conversion body, k is the elastic coefficient of the return spring, and x is the compression amount;
the control operation platform 38 comprises a water drain switch 15, a flow meter 16, a first pressure meter 17, a master control switch 18 and a second pressure meter 19, wherein the water drain switch 15 is responsible for releasing pressure water in the test probe, so that the rubber bag 5 is separated from the drill hole 31, and the drill 14 can conveniently push the test probe; the master control switch 18 is responsible for stopping supplying external water sources, the flow meter 16 is responsible for detecting real-time water quantity input to the test probe by the external water sources, the first pressure meter 17 is a mechanical meter, the second pressure meter 19 is an electronic meter, the readings of the first pressure meter and the second pressure meter are compared and checked with each other, and if the readings are approximately equal, the pressure is effective;
a rock mass loosening ring testing method based on a drilling water pressing effect specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) drilling construction: according to construction requirements, 3-5 drill holes with different directions and inclination angles a are constructed in the region of the rock mass 27 to be measured by using the drilling machine 14, the diameter of each drill hole 31 is 89mm, the length of each drill hole is about 70m, and chips in the drill holes 31 are cleaned;
(2) installing equipment: mounting each part of the test probe, sequentially connecting a drilling machine 14, a drill rod 12, a high-pressure hose 13 and a control operation table 38, and then transferring the test probe to the initial position of the drill hole 31 by using the drilling machine 14;
(3) and (3) sealing and checking: closing a water drain switch 15 of a control operation console 38, opening a master control switch 18, providing detection water pressure for a test probe, carrying out plugging tightness test on the rubber bag 5, if no obvious water leakage phenomenon exists, carrying out the next step of operation, otherwise, returning to the operation of the step (2), and checking the connection and installation conditions of each part until the connection and installation conditions are qualified;
(4) carrying out a pressurized water test: after the sealing test is qualified, performing a water pressing test to enable the test probe to be in an initial position, re-opening the master switch 18 on the control operation platform 38 and closing the water discharging switch 15 to provide a high-pressure water source for the test probe, entering the plugging cavity 30 through the communicating pipe 28 and the water leakage pipe 3, expanding the rubber bags 5 of the front plugging device 35, the middle plugging device 36 and the tail plugging device 37 to form a first water injection cavity 29 and a second water injection cavity 34 with the drill hole 31 respectively, adjusting the pressure of the external water source to gradually increase to 1.5MPa, starting the converter 6 of the pressure of the first water injection cavity 29 at the moment, injecting water into the first water injection cavity 29, and recording the indication Q of the flow meter when the flow meter is stable at the moment after the indication number of the flow meter is stable at the momenti1Continuing to increase the pressure of the external water source to 1.7MPa, at the moment, closing the converter 6 of the first water injection cavity 29 due to the pressure increase, stopping supplying water to the first water injection cavity 29, opening the converter 6 of the second water injection cavity 34, injecting water into the second water injection cavity 34, and after the flow rate indication number is stable, recording the indication number Q of the flow rate meter at the stable momenti2And recording the detection distance Li1And Li2；
(5) Pressure relief and propulsion: closing the master control switch 18, opening the water drain switch 15, releasing the pressure of the blocking cavity 30, closing the water drain switch 15 after the rubber bag 5 is separated from the drill hole 31, taking another drill rod 12 to lengthen the test probe, propelling the test probe to the next detection area by using the drill 14, and repeating the operation of the step (4) until the full length of the drill hole is detected;
(6) calculating and analyzing: respectively drawing different borehole inflow distribution maps according to the length of the borehole 31 and the corresponding water leakage of the observation hole section, analyzing the fracture development characteristics and permeability characteristics of different positions in the borehole length range, and further combining the borehole inclination angle a of different directions and the accumulated continuous water leakage section length (namely the water leakage mutation zero point))Ln1+Ln2And (n is 1+2+. and k), calculating the damage range of the rock mass with different spatial ranges.
Parts which are not described in the invention can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art.
Although terms such as tapered converter, etc. are used more often herein, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded, and those skilled in the art should make simple substitutions to these terms in light of the present disclosure and fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A rock mass looseness ring test method based on a drilling water pressing effect is characterized in that a rock mass looseness ring tester based on the drilling water pressing effect comprises a test probe, a control operation table (38), a drilling machine (14) and a drill rod (12);
the test probe comprises a plugging device, a converter (6) and a communicating pipe (28), wherein the plugging device comprises a front plugging device (35), a middle plugging device (36) and a tail plugging device (37); the plugging device comprises a water leakage pipe (3), a connector and a rubber bag (5), wherein the connector and the rubber bag (5) are connected to two ends of the water leakage pipe, the rubber bag (5) wraps the periphery of the water leakage pipe (3) to form a plugging cavity (30) with the water leakage pipe (3), an external water source is injected into the plugging cavity (30) through a water leakage hole (25) in the water leakage pipe (3) to expand the rubber bag (5), and a water injection cavity is formed with a drilling hole (31);
the drilling machine (14) is connected with the test probe through a drill rod (12) and used for lengthening and propelling the test probe to a designated area, the drill rod (12) is a hollow rod, is in threaded connection and detachable, and can convey a high-pressure water source inside;
the control operation platform (38) comprises a water drain switch (15), a flow meter (16), a pressure meter I (17), a master control switch (18) and a pressure meter II (19), and the control operation platform (38) is connected with the drilling machine (14) through a high-pressure hose (13) and is responsible for providing an external water source with specified pressure for the test probe;
a first water injection cavity (29) and a second water injection cavity (34) are respectively formed among the front plugging device (35), the middle plugging device (36), the tail plugging device (37) and the drill hole (31);
the converter (6) comprises a base body, a conical conversion body (10), a return spring (9) and an adjusting screw (8), and the converter (6) converts a high-pressure water source in the communicating pipe (28) into a low-pressure water source and conveys the low-pressure water source to the first water injection cavity (29) and the second water injection cavity (34);
the converter (6) is provided with a central through hole (32) and four peripheral through holes (33), and the four peripheral through holes (33) are symmetrically distributed around the central through hole (32);
the aperture of the left end of the central through hole (32) is smaller than that of the right end, and the side wall of each peripheral through hole (33) is correspondingly provided with a side leakage hole (25);
the conical conversion body (10), the reset spring (9) and the adjusting screw (8) are sequentially arranged in the peripheral through hole (33), threads are arranged on the inner wall of the left side of the peripheral through hole (33) and are matched with the adjusting screw (8), so that the adjusting screw (8) rotates in the peripheral through hole (33), and the reset spring (9) is compressed to control the opening pressure of the conical conversion body (10);
the side wall of the adjusting screw (8) is provided with a hexagonal through hole (21), so that the adjusting screw (8) can be rotated conveniently, and the water pressure of the first water injection cavity (29) and the second water injection cavity (34) is fed back to act on the left end surface of the conical conversion body (10);
the conical conversion body (10) is a cylinder with unequal diameters, the diameter of the left end surface of the conical conversion body is larger than that of the right end surface of the conical conversion body, a sealing conical surface (26) is formed at the transition position of the cylinder with unequal diameters and is matched with the inner wall of the peripheral through hole (33), and the sealing conical surface (26) forms an angle of 30 degrees;
an L-shaped water through hole (23) is formed in the conical conversion body (10), an annular water tank (22) is formed in the cylindrical outer surface close to the left end face of the conical conversion body (10), and the water through hole (23) is communicated with the annular water tank (22); when an external water source pushes the conical conversion body (10) to move leftwards, the annular water tank (22) is communicated with the side leakage hole (20), so that the external water source enters the first water injection cavity (29) or the second water injection cavity (34);
the working principle of the converter (6) is as follows:
(1) when the conical transition body (10) satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≤PRight sideSRight sideWhen the ring is rotated, the tapered transition body (10) moves leftwardThe water tank (22) is communicated with the side leakage hole (20) and is used for carrying out water injection observation on the first water injection cavity (29) or the second water injection cavity (34);
(2) when the conical transition body (10) satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≥PRight sideSRight sideWhen the water is filled into the water filling cavity, the conical conversion body (10) moves rightwards, the annular water tank (22) is sealed by the inner wall of the peripheral through hole (33), and water supply to the water filling cavity is stopped;
(3) if PRight sideToo large to prevent PRight sideWhen the inner wall of a drilling hole (31) of the water injection cavity part is damaged by extreme water pressure, the conical conversion body (10) moves leftwards until the annular water tank (22) moves to the left end of the side leakage hole (20) to form a secondary sealing effect with the inner wall of the peripheral through hole (33);
wherein, PLeft side ofObserving the water source pressure of the first or second water injection cavity at 0.5 MPa; pRight sideThe pressure of an external supply water source is 1.5MPa, SLeft side ofIs the water passing area S of the left end surface of the conical conversion body (10)Right sideThe water passing area of the right end face of the conical conversion body (10), k is the elastic coefficient of the return spring (9), and x is the compression amount; the control operation platform (38) comprises a water drain switch (15), a flow meter (16), a pressure meter I (17), a master control switch (18) and a pressure meter II (19), wherein the water drain switch (15) is responsible for releasing pressure water in the test probe, so that the rubber bag (5) is separated from the drill hole (31) and the test probe can be conveniently pushed by the drilling machine (14); the master control switch (18) is responsible for stopping supply of an external water source, the flow meter (16) is responsible for detecting real-time water quantity input from the external water source to the test probe, the first pressure meter (17) is a mechanical meter, the second pressure meter (19) is an electronic meter, readings of the first pressure meter and the second pressure meter are compared and checked with each other, and if the readings are approximately equal, the pressure is indicated to be effective;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) construction drilling (31): according to construction requirements, 3-5 drill holes with different directions and inclination angles a are constructed in the region of a rock mass (27) to be measured by using a drilling machine (14), the diameter of each drill hole (31) is 89mm, the length of each drill hole is 70m, and chips in the drill holes (31) are cleaned;
(2) installing equipment: mounting each part of a test probe, sequentially connecting a drilling machine (14), a drill rod (12), a high-pressure hose (13) and a control operation table (38), and then transferring the test probe to the initial position of a drill hole (31) by using the drilling machine (14);
(3) and (3) sealing and checking: closing a water drain switch (15) of a control operation console (38), opening a master control switch (18), providing detection water pressure for a test probe, carrying out plugging tightness test on the rubber bag (5), carrying out the next operation if no obvious water leakage phenomenon exists, otherwise, returning to the step (2) for operation, and checking the connection and installation conditions of all parts until the connection and installation conditions are qualified;
(4) carrying out a pressurized water test: after the sealing test is qualified, a water pressing test is carried out, the test probe is enabled to be in an initial position, a master control switch (18) on a control operation platform (38) is opened again, a water discharging switch (15) is closed, a high-pressure water source is provided for the test probe, the high-pressure water source enters a plugging cavity (30) through a communicating pipe (28) and a water leakage pipe (3), the rubber bag (5) of a front plugging device (35), a middle plugging device (36) and a tail plugging device (37) is expanded to form a first water injection cavity (29) and a second water injection cavity (34) with a drill hole (31) respectively, the pressure of an external water source is adjusted to be gradually increased to 1.5MPa, at the moment, a converter (6) of the pressure of the first water injection cavity (29) is opened, water is injected into the first water injection cavity (29), and after the flow indicating number is stable, thei1Continuously increasing the pressure of the external water source to 1.7MPa, closing the converter (6) of the first water injection cavity (29) due to the pressure increase, stopping water supply to the first water injection cavity (29), opening the converter (6) of the second water injection cavity (34), injecting water into the second water injection cavity (34), and recording the number Q of the flow meter when the flow meter is stable at the moment after the flow meter is stablei2And recording the detection distance Li1And Li2；
(5) Pressure relief and propulsion: closing a master control switch (18), opening a water drain switch (15), releasing the pressure of the blocking cavity (30), closing the water drain switch (15) after the rubber bag (5) is separated from the drill hole (31), taking another drill rod (12) to lengthen a test probe, pushing the test probe to a next detection area by using a drilling machine (14), and repeating the operation of the step (4) until the full length of the drill hole is measured;
(6) calculating and analyzing: respectively drawing flow distribution maps in different drill holes according to the lengths of the drill holes (31) and the water leakage amount of corresponding observation hole sections, analyzing the fracture development characteristics and the permeability characteristics of different positions in the range of the lengths of the drill holes, and further analyzing the fracture development characteristics and the permeability characteristics of different positions in the range of the lengths of the drill holesCombining the drill hole inclination angle a of different directions and the accumulated length L of the continuous water leakage sectionn1+Ln2And calculating the damage range of the rock mass in different spatial ranges, wherein n is 1+2+. to. + k.
2. The rock mass looseness ring test method based on the drilling water pressing effect is characterized in that the front plugging device (35) comprises a first connector (2), a water leakage pipe (3), a second connector (4) and a rubber bag (5), the first connector (2) and the second connector (4) are in threaded connection with the water leakage pipe (3), the rubber bag (5) is wound outside the water leakage pipe (3) and fixed outside the first connector (2) and the second connector (4) through a fastening ring (24), and a plugging cavity (30) is formed between the rubber bag and the water leakage pipe (3); the outer end of the first connector (2) is in threaded connection with the guide head (1), and the guide head (1) plays a role in guiding the test probe to smoothly slide in the drill hole (31).
3. A rock mass looseness ring test method based on a drilling water pressing effect according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the middle plugging device (36) comprises a second joint (4), a water leakage pipe (3), a third joint (7) and a rubber bag (5), and the rubber bag (5) is fixed to the outer portions of the second joint (4) and the third joint (7) through a fastening ring (24).
4. A rock mass looseness ring test method based on a drilling water pressing effect according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tail plugging device (37) comprises two connectors III (7), a water leakage pipe (3) and a rubber bag (5), and the rubber bag (5) is fixed between the two connectors III (7) through a fastening ring (24).
5. A rock mass looseness ring test method based on a drilling water pressing effect according to claim 3, wherein the tail plugging device (37) comprises two connectors III (7), a water leakage pipe (3) and a rubber bag (5), and the rubber bag (5) is fixed between the two connectors III (7) through a fastening ring (24).
6. The rock mass looseness ring test method based on the drilling water pressing effect according to claim 4, wherein the three outer parts of the joint are in threaded connection with a circular baffle (11), and the diameter of the circular baffle (11) is larger than that of the rubber bag (5) so as to prevent the rubber bag (5) from falling off; the round baffle (11) is in threaded connection and can be detached, so that the rubber bag (5) can be conveniently replaced.
7. The rock mass looseness ring test method based on the drilling water pressing effect according to claim 5, wherein the three outer parts of the joint are in threaded connection with a circular baffle (11), and the diameter of the circular baffle (11) is larger than that of the rubber bag (5) so as to prevent the rubber bag (5) from falling off; the round baffle (11) is in threaded connection and can be detached, so that the rubber bag (5) can be conveniently replaced.
8. A rock mass looseness ring test method based on a drilling water pressing effect according to claim 1, 2, 6 or 7, wherein the number of water injection cavities is increased according to requirements, and the design mode is the same.
9. The rock mass looseness ring test method based on the drilling water pressing effect is characterized in that the number of the water injection cavities is increased according to requirements, and the design mode is the same.
10. The rock mass looseness ring test method based on the drilling water pressing effect is characterized in that the number of the water injection cavities is increased according to requirements, and the design mode is the same.
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