CN108732075B - Rock mass permeability in-situ test method - Google Patents
Rock mass permeability in-situ test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108732075B CN108732075B CN201810375928.6A CN201810375928A CN108732075B CN 108732075 B CN108732075 B CN 108732075B CN 201810375928 A CN201810375928 A CN 201810375928A CN 108732075 B CN108732075 B CN 108732075B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mass damage range and permeability measurement, and discloses a rock mass permeability in-situ test method. The converter is internally provided with a conical conversion body, and a water through hole, an annular water tank and a hole on the converter form a water leakage channel respectively arranged in the conical conversion body and on the surface of the conical conversion body. The testing device can utilize the conversion from a plugging high-pressure water source to an observation low-pressure water source to realize that the plugging process and the testing process work under respective pressure under the same water source, reduces the number of pipelines in a drill hole to one, eliminates the winding problem of a drill rod and a hose, and improves the stability of the working process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mass destruction range and permeability measurement, and particularly relates to an in-situ rock mass permeability testing method.
Background
The permeability of the rock mass is an important parameter for reflecting the damage characteristics of the rock mass, the change of the permeability of the rock mass is closely related to the damage of the rock mass, the damage range of the rock mass can be further judged by exploring the change of the permeability, and the method has important significance for further researching the damage mechanism and the water inrush mechanism of the rock mass. At present, the common means for detecting the damage range of the rock mass include a direct current electric method, a transient electromagnetic method, a micro-seismic detection method and a water pressure test method. The direct current method and the transient electromagnetic method are easily influenced by an electromagnetic field of an operation environment, and the micro-seismic detection method and the signal propagation are easily influenced by cracks, so that the data obtained by a borehole water-pressurizing test method represented by a borehole two-end plugging device are most accurate and reliable. At present, two operating systems, namely a plugging operating platform and a water supply operating platform, exist outside the drilling double-end plugging device, so that more required personnel are needed, and the operation is troublesome. Because two operation panels of outside water supply and air feed are independent each other, will lead to the fact two pipelines of water supply (survey and use) and air feed (shutoff) that correspond to connect, along with the propulsion process of test probe in drilling, take place two pipeline intertwine problems, then cause device shutoff or survey the process unstability gently, then break the air feed pipeline easily, cause the unable normal work of equipment. How to combine the plugging and the supply operation table into a whole, reduce the number of pipelines in a drill hole, simultaneously work under respective pressure in the plugging process and the observation process and keep the real-time water replenishing process, and the prior art cannot simultaneously solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an in-situ testing method for rock permeability.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a rock permeability in-situ test method, the device used includes test probe, propulsion mechanism and control mechanism;
the test probe comprises a rubber bag 5, a water leakage pipe 3, a converter 6 and a communicating pipe 28, wherein two ends of the water leakage pipe 3 are respectively connected to a first connector 2, a second connector 4 or a third connector 7, the rubber bag 5 is wrapped on the periphery of the water leakage pipe 3 between the two connectors, and a plugging cavity 30 is formed between the rubber bag 5 and the water leakage pipe 3; a conical conversion body 10 is arranged in the converter 6, a water through hole 23 and an annular water tank 22 are respectively arranged in the conical conversion body 10 and on the surface of the conical conversion body, and a water leakage channel is formed by the water through hole 23 and the annular water tank and the hole I20 on the converter 6;
the propelling mechanism comprises a drilling machine 14 and a hollow rod 12, and the hollow rod 12 is in threaded connection with the test probe through a connector III 7;
the control mechanism comprises a water drain switch 15, a master control switch 18, a flow meter 16, a first pressure meter 17 and a second pressure meter 19 and is used for injecting water into the test probe, controlling the pressure of an external water supply source and displaying and recording various parameters;
the number of the first joints 2 is one, the joints are cylindrical, threaded cavities are formed in the two ends of the first joints respectively, and the threaded cavities are in threaded connection with the water leakage pipe 3 and the guide head 1 respectively;
the guide head 1 is conical and is used for guiding the test probe in the propelling process;
the number of the rubber bags 5 is two, the rubber bag 5 at the front part is fixed at the outer ends of the joint I2 and the joint II 4 through a fastening ring 24, and the rubber bag 5 at the tail part is fixed at the outer parts of the two joint III 7;
the number of the water leakage pipes 3 is two, two ends of each water leakage pipe are respectively in threaded connection with the first connector 2, the second connector 4 or the third connector 3, two holes three 25 are formed in each water leakage pipe 3, an external high-pressure water source enters the plugging cavity 30 between the rubber bag 5 and the water leakage pipe 3 through the holes three 25, and the expanding rubber bag 30 and the drill hole 31 form a water injection cavity 29;
the converter 6 is in threaded connection with the left end of the joint II 4, is integrally cylindrical, and is provided with a first hole 20 in the outer wall and a central through hole 32 in the middle, wherein the right end of the central through hole 32 is larger than the left end;
four peripheral through holes 33 are distributed on the side wall of the converter 6 by taking the central through hole 32 as the center, and the peripheral through holes 33 are communicated with the right end of the central through hole 32 and the first hole 20;
a conical conversion body 10, a return spring 9 and an adjusting screw 8 are arranged in a peripheral through hole 33 of the converter 6; the reset spring 9 is positioned between the conical conversion body 10 and the adjusting screw 8, the adjusting screw 8 is in threaded connection with the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 33, and the tensioning force of the reset spring 9 is controlled by rotating the position of the adjusting screw 8, so that the opening pressure of the conical conversion body 10 is controlled;
the left end and the right end of the conical conversion body 10 are both cylindrical, the left end is thicker than the right end, the transition part of the left end and the right end is a sealing conical surface 26, the sealing conical surface 26 is 30 degrees, and the sealing conical surface is just matched with the sealing conical surface 26 of the peripheral through hole 33 to form a sealing effect, so that a right-end plugging high-pressure water source is prevented from flowing through the side surface of the conical conversion body 10;
the middle of the adjusting screw 8 is provided with a hexagonal hole II 21, and the number of the hole II 21 is two, so that on one hand, the adjusting screw 8 can be rotated by an external tool through the hole II 21, and on the other hand, an observation low-pressure water source in the water injection cavity 29 reacts on the left end face of the conical conversion body 10 through the hole II 21;
the annular water tank 22 in the conical conversion body 10 is communicated with the limber hole 23, so that a high-pressure water source blocked at the right end passes through the limber hole 23 and the annular water tank 22, the conical conversion body 10 is pushed to move towards the left end and flows into the water injection cavity 29 through the first hole 20;
the communicating pipe 28 is a cylindrical hollow pipe with a sealed outer end, and the left end and the right end of the communicating pipe 28 are respectively in threaded connection with the third connector 7 and the converter 6;
the outer wall of the third joint 7 is provided with a circular baffle 11 which is in threaded connection, the diameter of the circular baffle 11 is larger than that of the rubber bag 5, so that the friction between the drill hole 31 and the rubber bag 5 in the propelling process is reduced, the rubber bag 5 is protected, and the positioning effect is achieved, and the rubber bag 5 is prevented from sliding;
when the tapered transition body 10 satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≤PRight sideSRight sideWhen the conical conversion body 10 moves leftwards, the annular water tank 22 is communicated with the first hole 20, and water injection observation is carried out on the water injection cavity 29 in the drill hole 31; when the tapered transition body 10 satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≥PRight sideSRight sideWhen the water is injected into the water injection cavity 29, the conical conversion body 10 moves rightwards, the annular water tank 22 is sealed by the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 33, and water supply to the water injection cavity 29 is stopped; if PRight sideToo large to prevent PRight sideWhen the inner wall of the drilling hole 31 of the water injection cavity 29 is damaged by extreme water pressure, the conical conversion body 10 moves leftwards until the annular water tank 22 moves to the left end of the first hole 20 to form a sealing effect with the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 33; pLeft side ofFor water injection cavity observation water source pressure, generally 0.5MPa，PRight sideThe pressure of the external supply water source is generally 1.5MPa, SLeft side ofIs the water passing area, S, of the left end surface of the conical conversion bodyRight sideTaking the distance from the annular water channel to the first hole, wherein the water passing area of the right end face of the conical conversion body is shown, k is the elastic coefficient in the return spring, and x is the compression amount;
the control mechanism comprises a water drain switch 15, a flow meter 16, a first pressure gauge 17, a master control switch 18 and a second pressure gauge 19; the water discharging switch 15 is used for discharging water in the plugging cavity 30 after the test probe finishes observation, so that the rubber bag 5 is separated from the drill hole 31 and is convenient to push; the flow meter 16 is used for detecting external water supply flow, the first pressure meter 17 is a mechanical meter and is used for detecting external water supply pressure, and the second pressure meter 19 is an electronic meter and is used for mutually detecting and correcting a detected water pressure value and a detected value of the first pressure meter; the master control switch 18 is responsible for controlling the supply and the stop of external water supply;
the propelling mechanism comprises a drilling machine 14 and a hollow rod 12, wherein the hollow rod 12 can be used for standard screw extension of a test probe, and the hollow rod 12 is propelled to a specified detection area of a drill hole 31 through the drilling machine 14.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) drilling construction: according to construction requirements, 3-5 drill holes in different directions are constructed in the region of the rock mass 27 to be measured by using the drilling machine 14, the diameter of each drill hole 31 is 89mm, the length of each drill hole is about 70m, and chips in the drill holes 31 are cleaned;
(2) installing equipment: mounting each part of the test probe, sequentially connecting a propelling mechanism and a control mechanism, and transferring the test probe to the initial position of the drill hole 31 by using the drilling machine 14;
(3) and (3) sealing and checking: closing the water drain switch 15, opening the master control switch 18, providing detection water pressure for the test probe, testing the sealing performance of the rubber bag 5, if no obvious water leakage phenomenon exists, performing the next operation, otherwise, returning to the operation of the step (2), and checking the connection and installation conditions of all parts until the connection and installation conditions are qualified;
(4) carrying out a pressurized water test: after the sealing test is qualified, performing a water pressing test, turning on the master control switch 18 again and turning off the water drain switch 15 when the probe to be tested reaches the initial position, providing a high-pressure water source for the test probe, and communicating the high-pressure water source with the test probe through a communicating pipe28. The water leakage pipe 3 enters the plugging cavity 30, the rubber bag 5 expands, the water injection cavity 29 is formed by the water leakage pipe and the drill hole 31, the pressure of an external water source is adjusted to be gradually increased to 1.5MPa, and after the readings of the first pressure gauge 17 and the second pressure gauge 19 are stable and approximately equal, the reading P of the flow meter at the time of stability is recordediAnd effective detection distance Li；
(5) Pressure relief and propulsion: closing the master control switch 18, opening the water drain switch 15, releasing the pressure of the blocking cavity 30, closing the water drain switch 15 after the rubber bag 5 is separated from the drill hole 31, taking another hollow rod 12 to lengthen a test probe, propelling the test probe to a next detection area by using the drill 14, and repeating the operation of the step (4) until the full length of the drill hole is detected;
(6) calculating and analyzing: and drawing flow distribution maps in different drill holes, analyzing fracture development characteristics and permeability characteristics of different positions in the length range of the drill hole 31, and further calculating to obtain the destruction ranges of rock masses in different spatial ranges by combining a drill hole inclination angle a and a water leakage mutation zero point (namely the accumulated length of the continuous water leakage segment) Ln (n is 1+2+.... + k).
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) compared with the prior art, the rock permeability in-situ testing device provided by the invention realizes the integration of plugging and testing of the testing probe, reduces the number of pipelines which work simultaneously in a drill hole, solves the problem of mutual winding of multiple pipelines in the drill hole in the propelling process, and improves the stability of the rock damage range measuring process.
(2) The device realizes the conversion from the plugging water source to the observation water source pressure in the integrated process, solves the working problems of the plugging water source and the observation water source under respective pressures in the observation process, avoids the destructive effect of overhigh observation water source pressure on the cracks of the drill hole, and improves the accuracy of the measurement process of the rock mass destruction range.
(3) The design of the conical conversion body in the converter, which is internally provided with the return spring and the sealing conical surface, not only facilitates the easy in-time resetting of the conical conversion body, improves the stability of the working process of the converter, but also solves the problem of the sealing property of plugging a water source to observe the conversion of the water source, and ensures the opening pressure.
(4) The design of the adjusting screw with the hexagonal through hole in the converter not only facilitates the compression and the reset spring of the rotating adjusting screw, controls the conical conversion body to have different opening and conversion pressures, has wide adjustment range, adapts to different working requirements, and can enable low-pressure water in the water injection cavity to act on the side surface of the conical conversion body through the feedback of the through hole in the adjusting screw, so that the pressure regulation is more sensitive and balanced.
(5) The design of annular water tank in the toper conversion body can solve the limbers and the converter delivery port non-corresponding problem in the toper conversion body, guarantees no matter how the toper conversion body rotates, and the water in its limbers all can flow to the converter export through annular water tank.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and observation state of the rock permeability in-situ testing device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the pressure relief propulsion state of the rock permeability in-situ testing device of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a test probe in the rock permeability in-situ test device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a plugging structure in the rock permeability in-situ testing device of the invention;
FIG. 5(a) is a front view of a structure of a converter in the rock permeability in-situ testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 5(b) is a structural side view of a converter in the rock permeability in-situ testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 6(a) is a schematic view of the static state of a converter in the rock permeability in-situ testing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6(b) is a schematic view of the working state of a converter in the rock permeability in-situ testing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 7(a) is a front view of a cone-shaped transition body structure in the rock permeability in-situ testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 7(b) is a rear view of a cone-shaped transition body structure in the rock permeability in-situ testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 7(c) is a structural side view of a conical transition body in the rock permeability in-situ testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 8(a) is a front view of an adjusting screw structure in the rock permeability in-situ testing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 8(b) is a side view of an adjusting screw structure in the rock permeability in-situ testing device of the present invention;
in the figure: 1, a guide head; 2, connecting the first joint; 3, a water leakage pipe; 4, a second joint; 5, a rubber bag; 6 a converter; 7, a joint III; 8, adjusting screws; 9 a return spring; 10 a conical conversion body; 11 a circular baffle; 12 a hollow shaft; 13 a high pressure hose; 14, a drilling machine; 15 a water discharging switch; 16 flow meters; 17, a first pressure gauge; 18 a master control switch; 19, a second pressure gauge; 20, a first hole; a second hole 21; 22 an annular water tank; 23, a water through hole; 24 fastening rings; 25 holes III; 26 sealing the conical surface; 27 rock mass to be measured; 28 communicating pipes; 29 water injection cavity; 30, plugging the cavity; 31, drilling a hole; 32 a central through hole; 33 peripheral through holes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
A rock permeability in-situ testing device mainly comprises a testing probe, a propelling mechanism and a control mechanism;
as shown in fig. 1-3, the test probe comprises a rubber bag 5, a water leakage pipe 3, a converter 6 and a communicating pipe 28, wherein two ends of the water leakage pipe 3 are respectively connected to a first joint 2, a second joint 4 or a third joint 7, the rubber bag 5 is wrapped around the periphery of the water leakage pipe 3 between the two joints, and a certain plugging cavity 30 is formed between the rubber bag 5 and the water leakage pipe 3. A conical conversion body 10 is arranged in the converter 6, a water through hole 23 and an annular water tank 22 are respectively arranged in the conical conversion body 10 and on the surface of the conical conversion body, and a water leakage channel is formed by the water through hole 23 and the annular water tank and the hole I20 on the converter 6.
The propelling mechanism mainly comprises a drilling machine 14 and a hollow rod 12, wherein the hollow rod 12 can be used for standard screw extension of a test probe, and the hollow rod 12 is propelled to a specified detection area of a drill hole 31 through the drilling machine 14.
The control mechanism comprises a water drain switch 15, a flow meter 16, a first pressure gauge 17, a master control switch 18 and a second pressure gauge 19. The water discharging switch 15 is used for discharging water in the plugging cavity 30 after the test probe is observed, so that the rubber bag 5 is separated from the drill hole 31, and the propulsion is facilitated. The flow meter 16 is used for detecting external water supply flow, the first pressure meter 17 is a mechanical meter and used for detecting external water supply pressure, and the second pressure meter 19 is an electronic meter and used for mutually detecting and correcting a detected water pressure value and a detected value of the first pressure meter. The master control switch 18 is responsible for controlling the supply and the stop of external water supply.
The connector I2 is one in number and is cylindrical, and a threaded cavity is formed in each of the two ends of the connector I and is in threaded connection with the water leakage pipe 3 and the guide head 1 respectively.
The guide head 1 is conical and used for guiding the test probe in the propelling process.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the number of the rubber bags 5 is two, the rubber bag 5 at the front part is fixed at the outer ends of the first joint 2 and the second joint 4 through a fastening ring 24, and the rubber bag 5 at the tail part is fixed at the outer part of the third joint 7.
The number of the water leakage pipes 3 is two, two ends of each water leakage pipe are respectively in threaded connection with the first connector 2, the second connector 4 or the third connector 7, two holes III 25 are formed in the water leakage pipes 3, an external high-pressure water source enters the plugging cavity 30 between the rubber bag 5 and the water leakage pipes 3 through the holes III 25, and the expanding rubber bag 5 and the drill hole 31 form a water injection cavity 29.
The communicating pipe 28 is a cylindrical hollow pipe with a sealed outer end, and the left end and the right end of the communicating pipe 28 are respectively in threaded connection with the third connector 7 and the converter 6.
The outer wall of the joint III 7 is provided with a circular baffle 11, the two are in threaded connection, the diameter of the circular baffle 11 is larger than that of the rubber bag 5, on one hand, the friction between the drilling hole 31 and the rubber bag 5 in the propelling process can be reduced, the rubber bag 5 is protected, and on the other hand, the positioning effect can be achieved, and the rubber bag 5 is prevented from sliding off.
As shown in fig. 5, the converter 6 is connected with the left end of the second connector 4 by screw threads, and is cylindrical as a whole, the outer wall of the converter is provided with a first hole 20, the middle part of the converter is provided with a central through hole 32, and the central through hole 32 at the right end is larger than the central through hole 32 at the left end.
Four peripheral through holes 33 are distributed on the side wall of the converter 6 by taking the central through hole 32 as the center, and the peripheral through holes 33 are communicated with the right central through hole 32 and the first hole 20.
The tapered conversion body 10, the return spring 9 and the adjusting screw 8 are arranged in a peripheral through hole 33 of the converter 6. The reset spring 9 is positioned between the conical conversion body 10 and the adjusting screw 8, the adjusting screw 8 is in threaded connection with the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 33, and the tensioning force of the spring 9 is controlled by rotating the position of the adjusting screw 8, so that the opening pressure of the conical conversion body 10 is controlled.
As shown in fig. 7, the left end and the right end of the conical converter 10 are both cylindrical, the left end is thicker than the right end, a sealing conical surface 26 is connected between the left end and the right end, the sealing conical surface 26 of the conical converter 10 is 30 degrees, and the sealing conical surface 26 is just matched with the sealing conical surface 26 of the peripheral through hole 33 to form a sealing function, so that a right end plugging high-pressure water source is prevented from flowing through the side surface of the conical converter 10.
As shown in fig. 8, a hexagonal through hole two 21 is formed in the middle of the adjusting screw 8, and two through holes two 21 are used, so that on one hand, the adjusting screw 8 can be rotated through the hole two 21 by using an external tool, and on the other hand, an observation low-pressure water source in the water injection cavity 29 can react on the left end face of the conical converter 10 through the hole two 21.
As shown in FIG. 6, the annular water tank 22 in the conical conversion body 10 is communicated with the water through hole 23, so that a high-pressure water source at the right end is blocked and passes through the water through hole 23 and the annular water tank 22, the conical conversion body 10 is pushed to move towards the left end, and flows into the water injection cavity 29 through the first hole 20.
When the tapered transition body 10 satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≤PRight sideSRight sideWhen the water injection cavity 29 of the drill hole 31 is subjected to water injection observation, the conical conversion body 10 moves leftwards, the annular water tank 22 is communicated with the first hole 20; when the tapered transition body 10 satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≥PRight sideSRight sideWhen the water is injected into the water injection cavity 29, the conical conversion body 10 moves rightwards, the annular water tank 22 is sealed by the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 33, and water supply to the water injection cavity 29 is stopped; if PRight sideToo large to prevent PRight sideWhen the extreme water pressure damages the inner wall of the bore 31 of the water filling cavity 29, the cone-shaped conversion body 10 moves leftwards until the annular water tank 22 moves to the left end of the first hole 20, and forms a sealing effect with the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 33. PLeft side ofFor filling water into spaceChamber 29 observes the water source pressure, typically 0.5MPa, PRight sideThe pressure of the external supply water source is generally 1.5MPa, SLeft side ofIs the water passing area, S, of the left end surface of the conical conversion body 10Right sideThe water passing area of the right end face of the conical conversion body 10, k is the elastic coefficient in the return spring 9, x is the compression amount, and the distance from the annular water tank 22 to the first hole 20 is taken.
The following describes in detail the observation method of the rock permeability in-situ testing device of the invention, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) drilling 31: according to construction elements, about 3-5 drilling holes 31 in different directions are constructed in the region of the rock mass 27 to be measured by the drilling machine 14, the diameter of each drilling hole 31 is 89mm, the length of each drilling hole is about 70m, and debris in each drilling hole 31 is cleaned.
(2) Installing equipment: the components of the test probe are mounted, and the pushing mechanism (the hollow rod 12, the drilling machine 14), the control mechanism and the like are connected in sequence, and the test probe is transferred to the initial position of the drill hole 31 by the drilling machine 14.
(3) And (3) sealing and checking: and (3) closing the water drain switch 15, opening the master control switch 18, providing detection water pressure for the test probe, testing the sealing performance of the rubber bag 5, if no obvious water leakage phenomenon exists, performing the next step of operation, otherwise, returning to the second step of operation, checking the connection and installation conditions of all parts, and performing the third step of operation until the rubber bag is qualified.
(4) Carrying out a pressurized water test: after the sealing test is qualified, performing a water pressing test, turning on the master switch 18 again and turning off the water drain switch 15 when the probe to be tested reaches the initial position, providing a high-pressure water source for the test probe, entering the plugging cavity 30 through the communicating pipe 28 and the water leakage pipe 3, expanding the rubber bag 5, forming a water injection cavity 29 with the drill hole 31, adjusting the pressure of the external water source to gradually rise to 1.5MPa, and recording the indication P of the flow meter 16 when the pressure of the external water source is stable and approximately equal after the pressure gauge I17, the pressure gauge II 19 and the indication are stable and approximately equaliAnd effective detection distance Li。
(5) Pressure relief and propulsion: and (3) closing the master control switch 18, opening the water drain switch 15, releasing the pressure of the blocking cavity 30, closing the water drain switch 15 after the rubber bag 5 is separated from the drill hole 31, taking a new hollow rod 12 to lengthen the test probe, pushing the test probe to the next detection area by using the drill 14, and repeating the fourth step of operation until the full length of the drill hole 31 is measured.
(6) Calculating and analyzing: and (3) drawing flow distribution maps in different drill holes 31, analyzing fracture development characteristics and permeability characteristics of different positions in the length range of the drill holes 31, and further calculating by combining the inclination angle a of the drill holes 31 and a water leakage mutation zero point (namely, the length of accumulated continuous water leakage segment) Ln (n is 1+2+.... + k) to obtain the destruction range of the rock mass in different spatial ranges.
Parts which are not described in the invention can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art.
Although terms such as tapered converter, etc. are used more often herein, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded, and those skilled in the art should make simple substitutions to these terms in light of the present disclosure and fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (1)
1. The rock permeability in-situ test method is characterized in that the rock permeability in-situ test device comprises a test probe, a propulsion mechanism and a control mechanism;
the test probe comprises a rubber bag (5), a water leakage pipe (3), a converter (6) and a communicating pipe (28), wherein two ends of the water leakage pipe (3) are respectively connected to a first connector (2), a second connector (4) or a third connector (7), the rubber bag (5) is wrapped on the periphery of the water leakage pipe (3) between the two connectors, and a plugging cavity (30) is formed between the rubber bag (5) and the water leakage pipe (3); a conical conversion body (10) is arranged in the converter (6), a water through hole (23) and an annular water tank (22) are respectively formed in the conical conversion body (10) and on the surface of the conical conversion body, and a water leakage channel is formed by the conical conversion body and the hole I (20) on the converter (6);
the propelling mechanism comprises a drilling machine (14) and a hollow rod (12), and the hollow rod (12) is in threaded connection with the test probe through a connector III (7);
the control mechanism comprises a water drain switch (15), a master control switch (18), a flow meter (16), a first pressure meter (17) and a second pressure meter (19) and is used for injecting water into the test probe, controlling the pressure of an external water supply source, and displaying and recording various parameters;
the number of the first joints (2) is one, the joints are cylindrical, threaded cavities are formed in the two ends of the first joints respectively, and the threaded cavities are in threaded connection with the water leakage pipes (3) and the guide heads (1) respectively;
the guide head (1) is conical and is used for guiding the test probe in the propelling process;
the number of the rubber bags (5) is two, the rubber bags (5) at the front part are fixed at the outer ends of the first joint (2) and the second joint (4) through fastening rings (24), and the rubber bags (5) at the tail part are fixed at the outer parts of the third joint (7);
the number of the water leakage pipes (3) is two, two ends of the water leakage pipes are respectively in threaded connection with the first connector (2), the second connector (4) or the third connector (7), two holes III (25) are formed in the water leakage pipes (3), an external high-pressure water source enters the plugging cavity (30) between the rubber bag (5) and the water leakage pipes (3) through the holes III (25), and the expanded rubber bag (5) and the drill hole (31) form a water injection cavity (29);
the converter (6) is in threaded connection with the left end of the second connector (4), the whole body of the converter is cylindrical, a first hole (20) is formed in the outer wall of the converter, a central through hole (32) is formed in the middle of the converter, and the right end of the central through hole (32) is larger than the left end of the converter;
four peripheral through holes (33) are distributed on the side wall of the converter (6) by taking the central through hole (32) as the center, and the peripheral through holes (33) are communicated with the right end of the central through hole (32) and the first hole (20);
a conical conversion body (10), a return spring (9) and an adjusting screw (8) are arranged in a peripheral through hole (33) of the converter (6); the reset spring (9) is positioned between the conical conversion body (10) and the adjusting screw (8), the adjusting screw (8) is in threaded connection with the inner wall of the peripheral through hole (33), and the tensioning force of the reset spring (9) is controlled by rotating the position of the adjusting screw (8), so that the opening pressure of the conical conversion body (10) is controlled;
the left end and the right end of the conical conversion body (10) are both cylindrical, the left end is thicker than the right end, the transition part of the left end and the right end is a sealing conical surface (26), the sealing conical surface (26) is 30 degrees, and the sealing conical surface is just matched with the peripheral through hole (33) to form a sealing effect, so that a right end plugging high-pressure water source is prevented from flowing through the side surface of the conical conversion body (10);
the middle of the adjusting screw (8) is provided with a hexagonal hole II (21), and the hole II (21) has two functions, so that on one hand, the adjusting screw (8) can be rotated through the hole II (21) by using an external tool, and on the other hand, an observation low-pressure water source in the water injection cavity (29) reacts on the left end surface of the conical conversion body (10) through the hole II (21);
the annular water tank (22) in the conical conversion body (10) is communicated with the limber hole (23), so that a high-pressure water source blocked at the right end passes through the limber hole (23) and the annular water tank (22), pushes the conical conversion body (10) to move towards the left end and flows into the water injection cavity (29) through the first hole (20);
the communicating pipe (28) is a cylindrical hollow pipe with the outer end sealed, and the left end and the right end of the communicating pipe (28) are respectively in threaded connection with the third connector (7) and the converter (6);
the outer wall of the joint III (7) is provided with a circular baffle (11) which is in threaded connection, and the diameter of the circular baffle (11) is larger than that of the rubber bag (5);
when the conical transition body (10) satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≤PRight sideSRight sideWhen the water injection hole is drilled, the conical conversion body (10) moves leftwards, the annular water tank (22) is communicated with the first hole (20), and water injection observation is carried out on a water injection cavity (29) in the drilling hole (31); when the conical transition body (10) satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≥PRight sideSRight sideWhen the water is filled into the water filling cavity (29), the conical conversion body (10) moves rightwards, the annular water tank (22) is sealed by the inner wall of the peripheral through hole (33), and water supply to the water filling cavity (29) is stopped; if PRight sideToo large to prevent PRight sideWhen the inner wall of a drilling hole (31) of the water injection cavity (29) is damaged by extreme water pressure, the conical conversion body (10) moves leftwards until the annular water tank (22) moves to the left end of the first hole (20) to form a sealing effect with the inner wall of the peripheral through hole (33); pLeft side ofThe water source pressure for the water injection cavity is observed and is 0.5MPa, PRight sideThe pressure of an external supply water source is 1.5MPa, SLeft side ofIs the water passing area S of the left end surface of the conical conversion body (10)Right sideTaking the distance from the annular water tank (22) to the first hole (20) as the water passing area of the right end face of the conical conversion body (10), k is the elastic coefficient in the return spring (9), and x is the compression amount;
the control mechanism comprises a water drain switch (15), a flow meter (16), a pressure meter I (17), a master control switch (18) and a pressure meter II (19); the water drain switch (15) is used for draining water in the plugging cavity (30) after the test probe finishes observation, so that the rubber bag (5) is separated from the drill hole (31) and is convenient to push; the flow meter (16) is used for detecting the external water supply flow, the pressure gauge I (17) is a mechanical meter and is used for detecting the external water supply pressure, and the pressure gauge II (19) is an electronic meter and is used for mutually detecting and correcting the detected water pressure value and the value detected by the pressure gauge I (17); the master control switch (18) is responsible for controlling the supply and the stop of external water supply;
the propelling mechanism comprises a drilling machine (14) and a hollow rod (12), the hollow rod (12) can be used for standard thread lengthening of a test probe, and the hollow rod (12) is propelled to a specified detection area of a drilling hole (31) through the drilling machine (14);
the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) construction drilling (31): according to construction requirements, 3-5 drill holes in different directions are constructed in the area of the rock body (27) to be measured by using a drilling machine (14), the diameter of each drill hole (31) is 89mm, the length of each drill hole is 70m, and chips in the drill holes (31) are cleaned;
(2) installing equipment: mounting each part of a test probe, sequentially connecting a propelling mechanism and a control mechanism, and transferring the test probe to the initial position of a drill hole (31) by using a drilling machine (14);
(3) and (3) sealing and checking: closing a water drain switch (15), opening a master control switch (18), providing detection water pressure for a test probe, testing the sealing performance of the rubber bag (5) in a plugging manner, if no obvious water leakage phenomenon exists, performing the next step of operation, otherwise, returning to the step (2) for operation, and checking the connection and installation conditions of all parts until the connection and installation conditions are qualified;
(4) carrying out a pressurized water test: after the sealing inspection is qualified, a water pressing test is carried out, the probe to be tested reaches an initial position, a master control switch (18) is turned on again, a water drain switch (15) is turned off, a high-pressure water source is provided for the test probe, the high-pressure water source enters a plugging cavity (30) through a communicating pipe (28) and a water leakage pipe (3), a rubber bag (5) expands, a water injection cavity (29) is formed by the rubber bag and a drill hole (31), the pressure of an external water source is adjusted to be gradually increased to 1.5MPa, after a first pressure gauge (17) and a second pressure gauge (19) are stable and approximately equal, the reading P of a flow meteriAnd effective detection distance Li；
(5) Pressure relief and propulsion: closing a master control switch (18), opening a water drain switch (15), releasing the pressure of the blocking cavity (30), closing the water drain switch (15) after the rubber bag (5) is separated from the drill hole (31), lengthening a test probe by taking another hollow rod (12), pushing the test probe to the next detection area by using a drilling machine (14), and repeating the operation of the step (4) until the full length of the drill hole is measured;
(6) calculating and analyzing: and (3) drawing flow distribution maps in different drill holes (31), analyzing fracture development characteristics and permeability characteristics of different positions in the length range of the drill holes (31), further combining a drill hole inclination angle a and a water leakage mutation zero point Ln, wherein n is 1+2+.. + k, and calculating to obtain the destruction range of the rock mass in different spatial ranges.
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