CN108643899B - Mining destructive zone segmented observation method for mine roof and floor - Google Patents
Mining destructive zone segmented observation method for mine roof and floor Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 311
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001141 propulsive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/008—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by injection test; by analysing pressure variations in an injection or production test, e.g. for estimating the skin factor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sectional observation method for mining failure zones of a mine roof and floor, and belongs to the technical field of rock mass failure range measurement. The observation system comprises a test probe, a drilling machine, a drill rod and a control operation table. The test probe comprises a front plugging device, a tail plugging device, a converter and a communicating pipe, wherein the plugging device comprises a water leakage pipe, a joint and a rubber bag, the joint and the rubber bag are connected to two ends of the water leakage pipe, the rubber bag is wrapped on the periphery of the water leakage pipe and forms a plugging cavity with the water leakage pipe, and an external water source is injected into the plugging cavity to expand the rubber bag and form a water injection cavity with a drill hole. The testing device can utilize the same external water source to complete the plugging process and the testing process, realize variable control of high and low water pressure, ensure that the two work under respective required pressure, eliminate the winding problem of a drill rod and a hose, reduce the number of operation steps and working people and improve the propulsion measuring efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mass damage range measurement, and particularly relates to a mining damage zone sectional observation method for a mine roof and floor.
Background
The measurement of the mining fracture zone range and permeability of the rock mass is a basic parameter for researching the rock mass destruction characteristics, and has important significance for further researching the relation between the mining fracture zone range and the rock mass movement rule and a stress field, and the traditional actual measurement device mainly comprises a direct current electric method, a transient electromagnetic method, a micro-seismic detection method and a water pressure test method. The reliability of a water pressure test method is the highest, a traditional device 'double-end side leakage device' is adopted to carry out water injection and drainage test, and the development height or depth of the rock stratum affected by mining is judged. There are two external systems of water injection operation panel and shutoff operation panel among the traditional device, operating personnel is more relatively, it has 2 to correspond the pipeline in the drilling, take place the intertwine problem easily at propulsive in-process, light then cause the device shutoff or observe the process unstable, heavy then break the gas supply line easily, cause the unable normal work of equipment, and, traditional device is a test unit, detection efficiency is low, how can realize the multistage and measure, reduce pipeline quantity in the drilling, and can effectual control water pressure, prior art fails to solve above-mentioned problem simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mining destructive zone sectional observation method for a mine roof and floor.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a mining destructive zone subsection observation method for a mine roof and floor, wherein an observation system comprises a test probe, a control operation platform 38, a drilling machine 14 and a drill rod 12;
the test probe comprises a plugging device, a converter 6 and a communicating pipe 28, wherein the plugging device comprises a front plugging device 35, a middle plugging device 36 and a tail plugging device 37; the stopper comprises a water leakage pipe 3, a joint and a rubber bag 5, wherein the joint and the rubber bag 5 are connected to two ends of the water leakage pipe, the rubber bag 5 is wound on the periphery of the water leakage pipe 3, a blocking cavity 30 is formed between the rubber bag and the water leakage pipe 3, an external water source is injected into the blocking cavity 30 through a water leakage hole 25 in the water leakage pipe 3 to expand the rubber bag 5, and a water injection cavity is formed between the rubber bag and a drill hole 31;
the drilling machine 14 is connected with the test probe through a drill rod 12 and is used for lengthening and propelling the test probe to a designated area, the drill rod 12 is a hollow rod, is in threaded connection and is detachable, and a high-pressure water source can be conveyed inside the drill rod;
the control operation platform 38 comprises a water discharge switch 15, a flow meter 16, a mechanical pressure gauge 17, a master control switch 18 and an electronic pressure gauge 19, and the control operation platform 38 is connected with the drilling machine 14 through a high-pressure hose 13 and is responsible for providing an external water source with specified pressure for the test probe;
the front plugging device 35 comprises a first connector 2, a water leakage pipe 3, a second connector 4 and a rubber bag 5, wherein the first connector 2 and the second connector 4 are in threaded connection with the water leakage pipe 3, the rubber bag 5 is wound outside the water leakage pipe 3 and fixed outside the first connector 2 and the second connector 4 through a fastening ring 24 to form a plugging cavity 30 with the water leakage pipe 3;
the outer end of the first connector 2 is in threaded connection with a guide head 1, and the guide head 1 plays a role in guiding a test probe to smoothly slide in the drill hole 31;
the middle stopper 36 comprises a joint II 4, a water leakage pipe 3, a joint III 7 and a rubber bag 5, and the rubber bag 5 is fixed outside the joint II 4 and the joint III 7 through a fastening ring 24;
the tail plugging device 37 comprises two connectors III 7, a water leakage pipe 3 and a rubber bag 5, wherein the rubber bag 5 is fixed between the two connectors III 7 through a fastening ring 24;
the outer part of the joint III is in threaded connection with a circular baffle 11, and the diameter of the circular baffle 11 is larger than that of the rubber bag 5, so that the rubber bag 5 is prevented from falling off; the circle center baffle 11 is in threaded connection and can be disassembled, so that the rubber bag 5 can be conveniently replaced;
a first water injection cavity 29 and a second water injection cavity 34 are respectively formed between the front plugging device 35, the middle plugging device 36 and the tail plugging device 37 and the drill hole 31;
the converter 6 comprises a base body 26, a conversion body 10, a return spring 9 and an adjusting screw 8, and the converter 6 converts a high-pressure water source in the communicating pipe 28 into a low-pressure water source and conveys the low-pressure water source to the first water injection cavity 29 and the second water injection cavity 34;
the base body 26 is provided with a central through hole 32 and four peripheral through holes 33, and the four peripheral through holes 33 are symmetrically distributed around the central through hole 32;
the aperture of the left end of the central through hole 32 is smaller than that of the right end, and the side wall of each peripheral through hole 33 is correspondingly provided with a side leakage hole 25;
the conversion body 10, the reset spring 9 and the adjusting screw 8 are sequentially arranged in the peripheral through hole 33, threads are arranged on the inner wall of the left side of the peripheral through hole 33 and matched with the adjusting screw 8, so that the adjusting screw 8 rotates in the peripheral through hole 33, and the reset spring 9 is compressed to control the opening pressure of the conversion body 10;
the side wall of the adjusting screw 8 is provided with a hexagonal through hole 21, so that the adjusting screw 8 can be rotated conveniently, and the water pressure of the first water injection cavity 29 and the second water injection cavity 34 can be fed back conveniently, and the left end surface of the conversion body 10 can be adjusted conveniently;
the converter 10 is a cylinder with different diameters of the left end surface and the right end surface, and the diameter of the left end surface is larger than that of the right end surface;
the T-shaped water through hole 23 is formed in the conversion body 10, the annular water tank 22 is formed in the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 33 on the left side of the conversion body 10, and the annular water tank 22 is communicated with the side leakage hole 20; when an external water source pushes the conversion body 10 to move leftwards, the water through holes 23 in the conversion body 10 are communicated with the annular water tank 22, so that a reclaimed water source of the water through holes 23 is collected in the annular water tank 22 and enters the first water injection cavity 29 or the second water injection cavity 34 through the side leakage holes 20;
the working principle of the converter 6 is as follows:
(1) when the converter 10 satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≤PRight sideSRight sideWhen the water is filled into the first water injection cavity 29 or the second water injection cavity 34, the conversion body 10 moves leftwards, the water through hole 23 is communicated with the annular water tank 22 of the base body 26, and an external water source fills water into the first water injection cavity 29 or the second water injection cavity 34 through the side leakage hole 20;
(2) when the converter 10 satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≥PRight sideSRight sideWhen the water is supplied, the conversion body 10 moves rightwards, the water through hole 23 is separated from the annular water tank 22 of the base body 26 and is sealed by the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 33, and water supply to the first water injection cavity 29 or the second water injection cavity 34 is stopped;
(3) if PRight sideToo large to prevent PRight sideWhen the extreme water pressure damages the inner wall of the drilling hole 31 of the first water injection cavity 29 or the second water injection cavity 34, the conversion body 10 moves leftwards until the water through hole 23 moves to the left end of the side leakage hole 20 to form a secondary sealing effect with the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 30;
wherein, PLeft side ofObserving the water source pressure for the first or second water injection cavity at low pressure, wherein the water source pressure is generally about 0.2-0.5 MPa; pRight sideThe pressure of the water source supplied to the communicating pipe is generally about 1.5 to 2MPa, SLeft side ofIs the water passing area of the left end surface of the conversion body SRight sideIs the water passing area of the right end face of the conversion body, and k is a reset bulletThe spring rate of the spring, x, is the amount of compression.
The control operation platform 38 comprises a water drain switch 15, a flow meter 16, a mechanical pressure gauge 17, a master control switch 18 and an electronic pressure gauge 19, wherein the water drain switch 15 is responsible for releasing pressure water in the test probe after the propulsion test is finished, so that the rubber bag 5 is separated from the drill hole 31, and the drilling machine 14 can conveniently propel the test probe; the master control switch 18 is responsible for stopping supplying of the external water source, the flow meter 16 is responsible for detecting the real-time water amount input to the test probe by the external water source, the readings of the mechanical pressure gauge 17 and the electronic pressure gauge 19 are compared and checked, and if the readings are approximately equal, the pressure is indicated to be effective.
The quantity of water injection cavity, increase according to the demand, the design mode is the same.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) drilling construction: according to construction requirements, 3-5 drill holes with different directions and inclination angles a are constructed in the region of the rock mass 27 to be measured by using the drilling machine 14, the diameter of each drill hole 31 is 89mm, the length of each drill hole is about 70m, and chips in the drill holes 31 are cleaned;
(2) installing equipment: mounting each part of the test probe, sequentially connecting a drilling machine 14, a drill rod 12, a high-pressure hose 13 and a control operation table 38, and then transferring the test probe to the initial position of the drill hole 31 by using the drilling machine 14;
(3) and (3) sealing and checking: closing a water drain switch 15 of a control operation console 38, opening a master control switch 18, providing detection water pressure for a test probe, carrying out plugging tightness test on the rubber bag 5, if no obvious water leakage phenomenon exists, carrying out the next step of operation, otherwise, returning to the operation of the step (2), and checking the connection and installation conditions of each part until the connection and installation conditions are qualified;
(4) carrying out a pressurized water test: after the sealing test is qualified, performing a water pressing test to enable the test probe to be in an initial position, closing the water discharging switch 15 on the control operation platform 38 again, opening the master control switch 18, providing a high-pressure water source for the test probe, entering the plugging cavity 30 through the communicating pipe 28 and the water leakage pipe 3, expanding the rubber bags 5 of the front plugging device 35, the middle plugging device 36 and the tail plugging device 37 to form a first water injection cavity 29 and a second water injection cavity 34 with the drill hole 31 respectively, and adjusting the pressure of an external water source to gradually increase to 1.5MPaWhen the pressure of the first water injection cavity 29 is only switched on, the converter 6 is filled with water into the first water injection cavity 29, and after the flow meter number is stable, the number Q of the flow meter when the flow meter is stable is recordedi1Continuing to increase the pressure of the external water source to 2MPa, at the moment, closing the converter of the first water injection cavity 29 due to the pressure increase, stopping supplying water to the first water injection cavity 29, opening the converter 6 of the second water injection cavity 34 after the starting pressure is reached, injecting water into the second water injection cavity 34, and recording the indication Q of the flow meter at the stable moment after the flow indication number is stablei2And recording the detection distance Li1And Li2；
(5) Pressure relief and propulsion: closing the master control switch 18, opening the water drain switch 15, releasing the pressure of the blocking cavity 30, closing the water drain switch 15 after the rubber bag 5 is separated from the drill hole 31, taking another drill rod 12 to lengthen the test probe, pushing the test probe to the next detection area by using the drill 14, and repeating the operation of the step (4) until the full length of the drill hole is detected;
(6) calculating and analyzing: respectively drawing different borehole inflow distribution maps according to the length of the borehole 31 and the water leakage of the corresponding observation hole section, analyzing the fracture development characteristics and permeability characteristics of different positions in the borehole length range, and further combining the borehole inclination angle a of different directions and the accumulated length (namely the water leakage mutation zero point) L of the continuous water leakage sectionn1+Ln2And (n is 1+2+. and k), calculating the damage range of the rock mass with different spatial ranges.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) compared with the prior art, the mining destructive zone subsection observation system for the mine roof and floor provided by the invention has the advantages that the plugging and testing integration of the testing probe is realized, the number of pipelines which work simultaneously in a drill hole is reduced to 1, the problem that a plurality of pipelines are mutually wound in the drill hole in the propelling process is solved, and the stability of the rock mass destructive range measurement process is improved.
(2) The device has realized utilizing same external water source, makes observation process and shutoff process work problem under pressure separately, and can avoid observing the destructive action of water source pressure excess to the drilling crack, has improved the accuracy nature of rock mass destruction scope measurement process.
(3) The converter is internally provided with a matched reset spring, so that the converter is convenient to reset easily in time, the stability of the working process of the converter is improved, the sealing property of plugging a water source to observing the conversion of the water source is solved, and the opening pressure is ensured.
(4) The design of the adjusting screw with the hexagonal through hole in the converter not only facilitates the compression and the reset spring of the rotating adjusting screw, controls the conical conversion body to have different opening and conversion pressures, has wide adjustment range, adapts to different working requirements, and can enable low-pressure water in the water injection cavity to act on the side surface of the conical conversion body through the feedback of the through hole in the adjusting screw, so that the pressure regulation is more sensitive and balanced.
(5) The design of annular basin in the base member can solve the not corresponding problem of limbers and side leakage hole in the conversion body, guarantees no matter how the conversion body rotates, and the water in its limbers all can flow to the side leakage hole export through annular basin.
(6) The device has realized once advancing multistage measurement process in proper order, has improved and has advanced observation efficiency at every turn, compares with traditional device, has improved detection speed, has shortened the exploration time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and observation state of a mining destructive zone subsection observation system of a mine roof and floor;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the pressure relief propulsion state of the mining destructive zone segmental observation system of the mine roof and floor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a test probe in the mining destructive zone segmental observation system of the mine roof and floor of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a front plugging device in the mining destructive zone segmental observation system of the mine roof and floor;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a middle plugging device in the mining destructive zone segmental observation system of the mine roof and floor;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a tail plugging device in the mining destructive zone segmental observation system of the mine roof and floor;
FIG. 7(a) is a front view of a converter structure in the mining destructive zone segmental observation system of the mine roof and floor according to the present invention;
FIG. 7(b) is a side view of the transducer structure in the mining destructive zone sectioned observation system of the mine roof and floor according to the present invention;
FIG. 8(a) is a schematic view of the static state of a converter in the mining destructive zone segmental observation system of the mine roof and floor according to the invention;
FIG. 8(b) is a schematic view of the working state of a converter in the mining destructive zone segmental observation system for the mine roof and floor according to the present invention;
FIG. 9(a) is a front view of an adjusting screw structure in the mining destructive zone sectional observation system of the mine roof and floor of the present invention;
FIG. 9(b) is a side view of an adjusting screw structure in the mining destructive zone sectional observation system of the mine roof and floor of the present invention;
in the figure: 1, a guide head; 2, connecting the first joint; 3, a water leakage pipe; 4, a second joint; 5, a rubber bag; 6 a converter; 7, a joint III; 8, adjusting screws; 9 a return spring; 10 a conversion body; 11 a circular baffle; 12 a drill pipe; 13 a high pressure hose; 14, a drilling machine; 15 a water discharging switch; 16 flow meters; 17 a mechanical pressure gauge; 18 a master control switch; 19 an electronic pressure gauge; 20 side leak holes; 21 hexagonal through holes; 22 an annular water tank; 23, a water through hole; 24 fastening rings; 25 water leakage holes; 26 a substrate; 27 rock mass to be measured; 28 communicating pipes; 29, a first water injection cavity; 30, plugging the cavity; 31, drilling a hole; 32 a central through hole; 33 peripheral through holes; no. 34 water injection cavity; 35 a front occluder; 36 a mid-occlusion device; 37 tail occluder; 38 control the console.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.
A mining destructive zone subsection observation system for a mine roof and floor comprises a test probe, a control operation platform 38, a drilling machine 14 and a drill rod 12;
the test probe comprises a plugging device, a converter 6 and a communicating pipe 28, wherein the plugging device comprises a front plugging device 35, a middle plugging device 36 and a tail plugging device 37; the stopper comprises a water leakage pipe 3, a joint and a rubber bag 5, wherein the joint and the rubber bag 5 are connected to two ends of the water leakage pipe, the rubber bag 5 is wound on the periphery of the water leakage pipe 3, a blocking cavity 30 is formed between the rubber bag and the water leakage pipe 3, an external water source is injected into the blocking cavity 30 through a water leakage hole 25 to expand the rubber bag 5, and a water injection cavity is formed between the rubber bag and a drill hole 31;
the drilling machine 14 is connected with the test probe through a drill rod 12 and is used for lengthening and propelling the test probe to a designated area, the drill rod 12 is a hollow rod, is in threaded connection and is detachable, and a high-pressure water source can be conveyed inside the drill rod;
the control operation platform 38 comprises a water discharge switch 15, a flow meter 16, a mechanical pressure gauge 17, a master control switch 18 and an electronic pressure gauge 19, and the control operation platform 38 is connected with the drilling machine 14 through a high-pressure hose 13 and is responsible for providing an external water source with specified pressure for the test probe;
the front plugging device 35 comprises a first connector 2, a water leakage pipe 3, a second connector 4 and a rubber bag 5, wherein the first connector 2 and the second connector 4 are in threaded connection with the water leakage pipe 3, the rubber bag 5 is wound outside the water leakage pipe 3 and fixed outside the first connector 2 and the second connector 4 through a fastening ring 24 to form a plugging cavity 30 with the water leakage pipe 3;
the outer end of the first connector 2 is in threaded connection with a guide head 1, and the guide head 1 plays a role in guiding a test probe to smoothly slide in the drill hole 31;
the middle stopper 36 comprises a joint II 4, a water leakage pipe 3, a joint III 7 and a rubber bag 5, and the rubber bag 5 is fixed outside the joint II 4 and the joint III 7 through a fastening ring 24;
the tail plugging device 37 comprises two connectors III 7, a water leakage pipe 3 and a rubber bag 5, wherein the rubber bag 5 is fixed between the two connectors III 7 through a fastening ring 24;
the outer part of the joint III is in threaded connection with a circular baffle 11, and the diameter of the circular baffle 11 is larger than that of the rubber bag 5, so that the rubber bag 5 is prevented from falling off; the circle center baffle 11 is in threaded connection and can be disassembled, so that the rubber bag 5 can be conveniently replaced;
a first water injection cavity 29 and a second water injection cavity 34 are respectively formed between the front plugging device 35, the middle plugging device 36 and the tail plugging device 37 and the drill hole 31;
the converter 6 comprises a base body 26, a conversion body 10, a return spring 9 and an adjusting screw 8, and the converter 6 converts a high-pressure water source in the communicating pipe 28 into a low-pressure water source and conveys the low-pressure water source to the first water injection cavity 29 and the second water injection cavity 34;
the base body 26 is provided with a central through hole 32 and four peripheral through holes 33, and the four peripheral through holes 33 are symmetrically distributed around the central through hole 32;
the aperture of the left end of the central through hole 32 is smaller than that of the right end, and the side wall of each peripheral through hole 33 is correspondingly provided with a side leakage hole 25;
the conversion body 10, the reset spring 9 and the adjusting screw 8 are sequentially arranged in the peripheral through hole 33, threads are arranged on the inner wall of the left side of the peripheral through hole 33 and matched with the adjusting screw 8, so that the adjusting screw 8 rotates in the peripheral through hole 33, and the reset spring 9 is compressed to control the opening pressure of the conversion body 10;
the side wall of the adjusting screw 8 is provided with a hexagonal through hole 21, so that the adjusting screw 8 can be rotated conveniently, and the water pressure of the first water injection cavity 29 and the second water injection cavity 34 can be fed back conveniently, and the left end surface of the conversion body 10 can be adjusted conveniently;
the converter 10 is a cylinder with different diameters of the left end surface and the right end surface, and the diameter of the left end surface is larger than that of the right end surface;
the T-shaped water through hole 23 is formed in the conversion body 10, the annular water tank 22 is formed in the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 33 on the left side of the conversion body 10, and the annular water tank 22 is communicated with the side leakage hole 20; when an external water source pushes the conversion body 10 to move leftwards, the water through holes 23 in the conversion body 10 are communicated with the annular water tank 22, so that a reclaimed water source of the water through holes 23 is collected in the annular water tank 22 and enters the first water injection cavity 29 or the second water injection cavity 34 through the side leakage holes 20;
the working principle of the converter 6 is as follows:
(1) when the converter 10 satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≤PRight sideSRight sideWhen the water is filled into the first water injection cavity 29 or the second water injection cavity 34, the conversion body 10 moves leftwards, the water through hole 23 is communicated with the annular water tank 22 of the base body 26, and an external water source fills water into the first water injection cavity 29 or the second water injection cavity 34 through the side leakage hole 20;
(2) when the converter 10 satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≥PRight sideSRight sideWhen the water passes through the water passage hole 23, the converter 10 moves rightwardThe annular water tank 22 of the base body 26 is separated from contact and is sealed by the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 33, and water supply to the first water injection cavity 29 or the second water injection cavity 34 is stopped;
(3) if PRight sideToo large to prevent PRight sideWhen the extreme water pressure damages the inner wall of the drilling hole 31 of the first water injection cavity 29 or the second water injection cavity 34, the conversion body 10 moves leftwards until the water through hole 23 moves to the left end of the side leakage hole 20 to form a secondary sealing effect with the inner wall of the peripheral through hole 30;
wherein, PLeft side ofObserving the water source pressure for the first or second water injection cavity at low pressure, wherein the water source pressure is generally about 0.2-0.5 MPa; pRight sideThe pressure of the water source supplied to the communicating pipe is generally about 1.5 to 2MPa, SLeft side ofIs the water passing area of the left end surface of the conversion body SRight sideThe area of the right end face of the conversion body passing water is shown as k, the elastic coefficient of the return spring is shown as k, and x is the compression amount.
The control operation platform 38 comprises a water drain switch 15, a flow meter 16, a mechanical pressure gauge 17, a master control switch 18 and an electronic pressure gauge 19, wherein the water drain switch 15 is responsible for releasing pressure water in the test probe after the propulsion test is finished, so that the rubber bag 5 is separated from the drill hole 31, and the drilling machine 14 can conveniently propel the test probe; the master control switch 18 is responsible for stopping supplying of the external water source, the flow meter 16 is responsible for detecting the real-time water amount input to the test probe by the external water source, the readings of the mechanical pressure gauge 17 and the electronic pressure gauge 19 are compared and checked, and if the readings are approximately equal, the pressure is indicated to be effective.
The observation method of the mining damage zone subsection observation system of the mine roof and floor specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) drilling construction: according to construction requirements, 3-5 drill holes with different directions and inclination angles a are constructed in the region of the rock mass 27 to be measured by using the drilling machine 14, the diameter of each drill hole 31 is 89mm, the length of each drill hole is about 70m, and chips in the drill holes 31 are cleaned;
(2) installing equipment: mounting each part of the test probe, sequentially connecting a drilling machine 14, a drill rod 12, a high-pressure hose 13 and a control operation table 38, and then transferring the test probe to the initial position of the drill hole 31 by using the drilling machine 14;
(3) and (3) sealing and checking: closing a water drain switch 15 of a control operation console 38, opening a master control switch 18, providing detection water pressure for a test probe, carrying out plugging tightness test on the rubber bag 5, if no obvious water leakage phenomenon exists, carrying out the next step of operation, otherwise, returning to the operation of the step (2), and checking the connection and installation conditions of each part until the connection and installation conditions are qualified;
(4) carrying out a pressurized water test: after the sealing test is qualified, performing a water pressing test to enable the test probe to be in an initial position, closing the water discharging switch 15 on the control operation platform 38 again, opening the master control switch 18, providing a high-pressure water source for the test probe, entering the plugging cavity 30 through the communicating pipe 28 and the water leakage pipe 3, expanding the rubber bags 5 of the front plugging device 35, the middle plugging device 36 and the tail plugging device 37 to form a first water injection cavity 29 and a second water injection cavity 34 with the drill hole 31 respectively, adjusting the pressure of the external water source to gradually increase to 1.5MPa, opening the converter 6 of the pressure of the first water injection cavity 29 at the moment, injecting water into the first water injection cavity 29, and recording the indication Q of the flow meter when the flow meter is stable at the moment after the indication number of the flow meter is stable at the momenti1Continuing to increase the pressure of the external water source to 2MPa, at the moment, closing the converter of the first water injection cavity 29 due to the pressure increase, stopping supplying water to the first water injection cavity 29, opening the converter 6 of the second water injection cavity 34 after the starting pressure is reached, injecting water into the second water injection cavity 34, and recording the indication Q of the flow meter at the stable moment after the flow indication number is stablei2And recording the detection distance Li1And Li2；
(5) Pressure relief and propulsion: closing the master control switch 18, opening the water drain switch 15, releasing the pressure of the blocking cavity 30, closing the water drain switch 15 after the rubber bag 5 is separated from the drill hole 31, taking another drill rod 12 to lengthen the test probe, pushing the test probe to the next detection area by using the drill 14, and repeating the operation of the step (4) until the full length of the drill hole is detected;
(6) calculating and analyzing: respectively drawing different borehole inflow distribution maps according to the length of the borehole 31 and the water leakage of the corresponding observation hole section, analyzing the fracture development characteristics and permeability characteristics of different positions in the borehole length range, and further combining the borehole inclination angle a of different directions and the accumulated length (namely the water leakage mutation zero point) L of the continuous water leakage sectionn1+Ln2(n ═ 1+2+.. + k), calculatedAnd (3) the destruction range of rock masses with different spatial ranges.
Parts which are not described in the invention can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art.
Although terms such as the converter 10, the converter 6, etc. are used more often herein, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded, and those skilled in the art should make simple substitutions for these terms in light of the present disclosure and fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A mining destructive zone sectional observation method for a mine roof and floor is characterized in that the mining destructive zone sectional observation system for the mine roof and floor comprises a test probe, a control operation platform (38), a drilling machine (14) and a drill rod (12);
the test probe comprises a plugging device, a converter (6) and a communicating pipe (28), wherein the plugging device comprises a front plugging device (35), a middle plugging device (36) and a tail plugging device (37); the plugging device comprises a water leakage pipe (3), a connector and a rubber bag (5), wherein the connector and the rubber bag (5) are connected to two ends of the water leakage pipe, the rubber bag (5) wraps the periphery of the water leakage pipe (3) to form a plugging cavity (30) with the water leakage pipe (3), an external water source is injected into the plugging cavity (30) through a water leakage hole (25) in the water leakage pipe (3) to expand the rubber bag (5), and a water injection cavity is formed with a drilling hole (31);
the drilling machine (14) is connected with the test probe through a drill rod (12) and used for lengthening and propelling the test probe to a designated area, the drill rod (12) is a hollow rod, is in threaded connection and detachable, and can convey a high-pressure water source inside;
the control operation platform (38) comprises a water drain switch (15), a flow meter (16), a mechanical pressure gauge (17), a master control switch (18) and an electronic pressure gauge (19), and the control operation platform (38) is connected with the drilling machine (14) through a high-pressure hose (13) and is responsible for providing an external water source with specified pressure for the test probe;
a first water injection cavity (29) and a second water injection cavity (34) are respectively formed among the front plugging device (35), the middle plugging device (36), the tail plugging device (37) and the drill hole (31);
the converter (6) comprises a base body (26), a conversion body (10), a return spring (9) and an adjusting screw (8), and the converter (6) converts a high-pressure water source in the communicating pipe (28) into a low-pressure water source and conveys the low-pressure water source to the first water injection cavity (29) and the second water injection cavity (34);
the base body (26) is provided with a central through hole (32) and four peripheral through holes (33), and the four peripheral through holes (33) are symmetrically distributed around the central through hole (32);
the aperture of the left end of the central through hole (32) is smaller than that of the right end, and the side wall of each peripheral through hole (33) is correspondingly provided with a side leakage hole (20);
the switching body (10), the reset spring (9) and the adjusting screw (8) are sequentially arranged in the peripheral through hole (33), threads are arranged on the inner wall of the left side of the peripheral through hole (33) and are matched with the adjusting screw (8), so that the adjusting screw (8) rotates in the peripheral through hole (33) to compress the reset spring (9) so as to control the opening pressure of the switching body (10);
the side wall of the adjusting screw (8) is provided with a hexagonal through hole (21), so that the adjusting screw (8) can be rotated conveniently, and the water pressure of the first water injection cavity (29) and the second water injection cavity (34) can be fed back conveniently, and the left end surface of the conversion body (10) can be fed back conveniently;
the conversion body (10) is a cylinder with different diameters of the left end surface and the right end surface, and the diameter of the left end surface is larger than that of the right end surface;
the T-shaped water through hole (23) is formed in the conversion body (10), the inner wall of the peripheral through hole (33) on the left side of the conversion body (10) is provided with an annular water tank (22), and the annular water tank (22) is communicated with the side leakage hole (20); when an external water source pushes the conversion body (10) to move leftwards, the water through holes (23) in the conversion body (10) are communicated with the annular water tank (22), so that a reclaimed water source of the water through holes (23) is collected into the annular water tank (22) and enters the first water injection cavity (29) or the second water injection cavity (34) through the side leakage holes (20);
the working principle of the converter (6) is as follows:
(1) when the converter (10) satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≤PRight sideSRight sideWhen the water injection cavity is used, the conversion body (10) moves leftwards, the water through hole (23) is communicated with the annular water tank (22) of the base body (26), and an external water source fills water into the first water injection cavity (29) or the second water injection cavity (34) through the side leakage hole (20);
(2) when the converter (10) satisfies PLeft side ofSLeft side of+kx≥PRight sideSRight sideWhen the water injection cavity is closed, the water injection cavity I (29) or the water injection cavity II (34) is stopped to supply water, and the water injection hole (23) is closed by the inner wall of the peripheral through hole (33) when the conversion body (10) moves rightwards;
(3) if PRight sideToo large to prevent PRight sideExtreme water pressure damages the inner wall of a drilling hole (31) of the first water injection cavity (29) or the second water injection cavity (34), and the conversion body (10) moves leftwards until the water through hole (23) moves to the left end of the side leakage hole (20) to form a reclosure effect with the inner wall of the peripheral through hole (33);
wherein, PLeft side ofObserving the water source pressure in the first or second water injection cavity at low pressure, wherein the water source pressure is 0.2-0.5 MPa; pRight sideThe pressure of the water source supplied to the communicating pipe (28) is 1.5 to 2MPa, SLeft side ofIs the water passing area S of the left end surface of the conversion body (10)Right sideThe water passing area of the right end face of the converter (10), k is the elastic coefficient of the return spring (9), and x is the compression amount;
the control operation platform (38) comprises a water drain switch (15), a flow meter (16), a mechanical pressure gauge (17), a master control switch (18) and an electronic pressure gauge (19), wherein the water drain switch (15) is responsible for releasing pressure water in the test probe after the propulsion test is finished, so that the rubber bag (5) is separated from the drill hole (31) and the test probe can be conveniently propelled by the drilling machine (14); the master control switch (18) is responsible for stopping supply of an external water source, the flow meter (16) is responsible for detecting real-time water quantity input from the external water source to the test probe, readings of the mechanical pressure gauge (17) and the electronic pressure gauge (19) are compared and checked with each other, and if the readings are approximately equal, the pressure is indicated to be effective;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) construction drilling (31): according to construction requirements, 3-5 drill holes with different directions and inclination angles a are constructed in the region of a rock mass (27) to be measured by using a drilling machine (14), the diameter of each drill hole (31) is 89mm, the length of each drill hole is about 70m, and debris in each drill hole (31) is cleaned;
(2) installing equipment: mounting each part of a test probe, sequentially connecting a drilling machine (14), a drill rod (12), a high-pressure hose (13) and a control operation table (38), and then transferring the test probe to the initial position of a drill hole (31) by using the drilling machine (14);
(3) and (3) sealing and checking: closing a water drain switch (15) of a control operation console (38), opening a master control switch (18), providing detection water pressure for a test probe, carrying out plugging tightness test on the rubber bag (5), carrying out the next operation if no obvious water leakage phenomenon exists, otherwise, returning to the step (2) for operation, and checking the connection and installation conditions of all parts until the connection and installation conditions are qualified;
(4) carrying out a pressurized water test: after the sealing test is qualified, a water pressing test is carried out to enable the test probe to be in an initial position, the water drain switch (15) on the control operation platform (38) is closed again, the master control switch (18) is opened, a high-pressure water source is provided for the test probe, the high-pressure water source enters the plugging cavity (30) through the communicating pipe (28) and the water leakage pipe (3), the rubber bag (5) of the front plugging device (35), the middle plugging device (36) and the tail plugging device (37) is expanded to form a first water injection cavity (29) and a second water injection cavity (34) with the drill hole (31) respectively, the pressure of the external water source is adjusted to be gradually increased to 1.5MPa, the converter (6) of the pressure of the first water injection cavity (29) is opened at the moment, water is injected into the first water injection cavity (29), and after the flow indicating number is stable at the moment, the indicating number Q of the flow meter at the moment is recordedi1And the pressure of the external water source is continuously increased to 2MPa, at the moment, the converter of the first water injection cavity (29) is closed due to the pressure increase, the water supply to the first water injection cavity (29) is stopped, the converter (6) of the second water injection cavity (34) is opened after the starting pressure is reached, and the second water injection cavity (34) is filled with waterWater, after the flow meter number is stabilized, recording the flow meter number Q when the flow meter is stabilizedi2And recording the detection distance Li1And Li2；
(5) Pressure relief and propulsion: closing a master control switch (18), opening a water drain switch (15), releasing the pressure of the blocking cavity (30), closing the water drain switch (15) after the rubber bag (5) is separated from the drill hole (31), lengthening a test probe by taking another drill rod (12), pushing the test probe to the next detection area by using a drilling machine (14), and repeating the operation of the step (4) until the full length of the drill hole is detected;
(6) calculating and analyzing: respectively drawing flow distribution maps in different drill holes according to the lengths of the drill holes (31) and the water leakage amount of corresponding observation hole sections, analyzing fracture development characteristics and permeability characteristics of different positions in the drill hole length range, and combining drill hole inclination angles a in different directions and accumulated continuous water leakage section length Ln1+Ln2(n =1+2+.. + k), and calculating the damage range of the rock mass in different spatial ranges.
2. The mining roof and floor mining destructive zone subsection observation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the front plugging device (35) comprises a first connector (2), a water leakage pipe (3), a second connector (4) and a rubber bag (5), wherein the first connector (2) and the second connector (4) are in threaded connection with the water leakage pipe (3), the rubber bag (5) is wrapped outside the water leakage pipe (3), and is fixed outside the first connector (2) and the second connector (4) through a fastening ring (24), and a plugging cavity (30) is formed between the rubber bag and the water leakage pipe (3); the outer end of the first connector (2) is in threaded connection with the guide head (1), and the guide head (1) plays a role in guiding the test probe to smoothly slide in the drill hole (31).
3. The mining roof and floor mining destructive zone subsection observation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the middle stopper (36) comprises a second joint (4), a water leakage pipe (3), a third joint (7) and a rubber bag (5), and the rubber bag (5) is fixed outside the second joint (4) and the third joint (7) through a fastening ring (24).
4. The mining roof and floor mining destructive zone sectional observation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tail stopper (37) comprises two connectors three (7), a water leakage pipe (3) and a rubber bag (5), and the rubber bag (5) is fixed between the two connectors three (7) through a fastening ring (24).
5. The mining roof and floor mining destructive zone sectional observation method according to claim 3, characterized in that the tail stopper (37) comprises two connectors three (7), a water leakage pipe (3) and a rubber bag (5), and the rubber bag (5) is fixed between the two connectors three (7) through a fastening ring (24).
6. The mining roof and floor mining damage zone sectional observation method of claim 4, wherein the three joints are externally screwed with a circular baffle (11), and the diameter of the circular baffle (11) is larger than that of the rubber bag (5) to prevent the rubber bag (5) from falling off; the round baffle (11) is in threaded connection and can be detached, so that the rubber bag (5) can be conveniently replaced.
7. The mining roof and floor mining damage zone sectional observation method of claim 5, wherein the three joints are externally screwed with a circular baffle (11), and the diameter of the circular baffle (11) is larger than that of the rubber bag (5) to prevent the rubber bag (5) from falling off; the round baffle (11) is in threaded connection and can be detached, so that the rubber bag (5) can be conveniently replaced.
8. The mining roof and floor mining destructive zone subsection observation method of claim 1, 2, 5, 6 or 7, wherein the number of the water injection cavities is increased according to requirements, and the design mode is the same.
9. The mining roof and floor mining destructive zone sectional observation method of claim 3, wherein the number of the water injection cavities is increased according to requirements, and the design modes are the same.
10. The mining roof and floor mining destructive zone sectional observation method of claim 4, wherein the number of the water injection cavities is increased according to requirements, and the design modes are the same.
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