CN108608119A - A kind of laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method - Google Patents
A kind of laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108608119A CN108608119A CN201810413856.XA CN201810413856A CN108608119A CN 108608119 A CN108608119 A CN 108608119A CN 201810413856 A CN201810413856 A CN 201810413856A CN 108608119 A CN108608119 A CN 108608119A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of laser gain materials to manufacture on-line monitoring method, including：Acquisition molten bath diameter in real time；When the molten bath diameter of acquisition does not meet relationships of the pre-stored laser power P with molten bath diameter, then the laser power P is adjusted according to the relationship of the laser power P and molten bath diameter so that the molten bath diameter of acquisition meets the relationship of pre-stored laser power P and molten bath diameter.On-line monitoring method is manufactured using laser gain material provided by the invention, realize the purpose of on-line monitoring and control, change is detected as intervening in thing afterwards, have the advantages that controllability is good, high in machining efficiency, the on-line monitoring of the fields large scales such as steamer, rail traffic, large area can be preferably applied to, vibration monitoring is preferably adapted to, there is more far-reaching realistic meaning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to increases material manufacturing technology fields, and on-line monitoring side is manufactured more specifically to a kind of laser gain material
Method.
Background technology
The process of laser gain material manufacture is different from the manufacture of traditional material, and traditional material is by casting, forging, processing
Afterwards, determine whether material qualified using detection methods such as X-ray, ultrasounds, underproof product is done scrap processing or
It is remedied using the methods of welding.But laser gain material manufacture is due to being produced using being layering, monitoring with
It to be substantially distinguished from traditional manufacturing method in terms of the quality monitoring of monitoring.
For increasing material manufacturing, it is generally the case that every one of laser scanning can melt and solidify several layers of powder, powder again
The thickness of layer is usually 20 μm of extremely several mm.After laser irradiation each time by additional powder from workspace wipe off (powdering) or
Person directly serves new powder (powder feeding) and melts, and then repeats the above process, until constructing a firm three-dimensional
(3D) part.Each " structure " process includes thousands of layering, therefore each run needs to spend tens to hundreds of
Hour.The identical or different part of dozens of can be generated by " building " each time.
In summary problem considers together, especially those parts to play a key effect to structure, extensively using increasing material
The manufacturing technology significant challenge to be faced is the qualification of finished product and how to examine and determine its qualification.Recently, about increasing material system
Some reports made are all in the quality, consistent for appealing to ensure by online, closed loop process control and sensor increasing material manufacturing
Property and reproducibility.Online quality-monitoring advantageously reduces waste, this will exempt the detection carried out usually after structure or destructiveness
Test.
With the high speed development of the industries such as steamer, aerospace, rail traffic, in laser equipment price fall, automation
Under the influence of degree improves, the requirement to increasing material manufacturing quality is higher and higher, and existing quality determining method cannot be satisfied existing
There is the current demand for the quality requirement and automation that manufacturing industry manufactures laser gain material.Therefore, it is necessary to be directed to laser gain material manufacture
Design a kind of on-line monitoring method.
It is current ability in conclusion how to efficiently solve the problems such as laser gain material workmanship requirement is difficult to meet
Field technique personnel's urgent problem.
Invention content
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of laser gain materials to manufacture on-line monitoring method, the laser gain material
Manufacture on-line monitoring method can efficiently solve the implacable problem of laser gain material workmanship requirement.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：
A kind of laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method, including：
Acquisition molten bath diameter in real time；
When the molten bath diameter of acquisition does not meet relationships of the pre-stored laser power P with molten bath diameter,
The laser power P is then adjusted according to the relationship of the laser power P and molten bath diameter so that the molten bath diameter of acquisition is big
The small relationship for meeting pre-stored laser power P and molten bath diameter.
Preferably, in above-mentioned laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method, the pre-stored laser power P and molten bath are straight
The relationship of diameter, specifically includes：
By the two of appointing in fixed laser power P, laser scanning speed V and powder feeding rate Mp three respectively, variation is another
Molten bath diameter is tested and recorded to one, and with Metallographic Analysis and the cladding angle being calculated, is determined laser power P and melted
The relationship of pond diameter and storage；
Or pass through the two of appointing in fixed laser power P, laser scanning speed V and powdering thickness three respectively, variation
Molten bath diameter is tested and recorded to another one, and with Metallographic Analysis and the cladding angle being calculated, determine laser power P with
The relationship of molten bath diameter and storage.
Preferably, in above-mentioned laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method, before the real-time acquisition molten bath diameter, further include
Step：
S01：Test sample is positioned over designated position；
S02：Fixed laser scan velocity V and laser powder feeding rate Mp change different laser power P and are tested, note
Melting pool shape is recorded, the molten bath diameter data under different laser power P is obtained；
And the laboratory sample to obtaining carries out Metallographic Analysis, obtains the melting pool shape supplemental characteristic of the laboratory sample, and
It determines the suitable laser power and corresponding molten bath diameter data, obtains the laser scanning speed V and the laser
The relationship of molten bath diameter and laser power under powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness determines effective relational expression T1 according to criterion；
S03：Fixed laser power P and laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness change laser scanning speed V and carry out in fact
It tests, records melting pool shape, obtain the molten bath diameter data under different laser scanning speed V and molten bath diameter data；
And the laboratory sample to obtaining carries out Metallographic Analysis, obtains the melting pool shape supplemental characteristic of the laboratory sample, and
It determines the suitable laser scanning speed V and corresponding molten bath diameter data, obtains the laser power P and the laser
The relationship of powder feeding rate Mp or the laser scanning speed V and molten bath diameter when constant powdering thickness have according to criterion determination
Imitate relational expression T2；
S04：Fixed laser power P and laser scanning speed V, change powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness is tested, and remember
Melting pool shape is recorded, the molten bath diameter data under different powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness is obtained；
And the laboratory sample to obtaining carries out Metallographic Analysis, obtains the melting pool shape supplemental characteristic of the laboratory sample, and
Determine the suitable powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness and corresponding molten bath diameter data, obtain the laser power P and
The relationship of the laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness and molten bath diameter when the laser scanning speed is constant, according to criterion
Determine effective relational expression T3；
S05：According to effective relational expression T1, effective relational expression T2 and effective relational expression T3, determine different
Effective relational expression T4 of laser scanning power P and molten bath diameter is simultaneously under laser scanning speed, different powder feeding rate or powdering thickness
Storage.
Preferably, in above-mentioned laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method, the record melting pool shape specifically includes utilization
CCD high-speed cameras record melting pool shape.
Preferably, in above-mentioned laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method, before the step S1, further include：
Multi-wavelength pyrometer, CCD high speed infrareds video camera, laser Machining head, laser power detection device, CCD high speeds are taken the photograph
Camera and protection air pipe carry out installation settings as requested.
Preferably, in above-mentioned laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method, the laser Machining head, the laser power meter,
The CCD high-speed cameras and the multi-wavelength pyrometer are co-axially mounted, the center of the protection air pipe alignment laser molten pool
Position.
Preferably, in above-mentioned laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method, the adjustment laser power P, specially：
The laser power P is adjusted by laser power detection device.
On-line monitoring method is manufactured using laser gain material provided by the invention, by acquiring molten bath diameter in real time；When
When the molten bath diameter of acquisition does not meet relationships of the pre-stored laser power P with molten bath diameter, then according to laser power P
Laser power P is adjusted with the relationship of molten bath diameter so that the molten bath diameter of acquisition meets pre-stored laser power P and molten bath
The correspondence of diameter.To realize that the purpose of on-line monitoring and control, change are detected as intervening in thing afterwards, to development green system
It makes, intelligence manufacture industry has more far-reaching realistic meaning.
In one preferred embodiment, the relationship of pre-stored laser power P and molten bath diameter, specifically includes：
By the two of appointing in fixed laser power P, laser scanning speed V and powder feeding rate Mp three respectively, variation another one carries out
Molten bath diameter is tested and recorded, and with Metallographic Analysis and the cladding angle being calculated, determines laser power P and molten bath diameter
Relationship simultaneously stores.Carry out the processing of practical work piece using the relation data, and with the normal data that is stored in system, the i.e. relationship
Formula is compared, and detects whether it meets the requirement of laser gain material, to realize the purpose of on-line monitoring and control.Pass through the party
Formula obtains laser power P and the relationship of molten bath diameter is simple and reliable.
Description of the drawings
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
Obtain other attached drawings according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is that the laser gain material of one specific embodiment of the present invention manufactures the flow diagram of on-line monitoring method；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram using the on-Line Monitor Device of laser gain material on-line monitoring method provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is schematic shapes in laser gain material manufacturing process.
It is marked in attached drawing as follows：
1- base materials；2- protects tracheae；3- cladding layers；4- laser beams；5- high-temperature temperature meters；6- laser power measurements
Meter；7- optical fiber；8-CCD crater image video cameras；W- melting zone width；H- melts layer height；Ac- melting zone areas；Am- base materials
The area being melted.
Cladding angle [alpha] is：
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of laser gain materials to manufacture on-line monitoring method, to be directed to steamer, rail traffic etc.
Field meets large area, the material of large scale specification welds online monitoring requirements.
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is please referred to Fig.1, Fig. 1 is that the laser gain material of one specific embodiment of the present invention manufactures the stream of on-line monitoring method
Journey schematic diagram；Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram using the on-Line Monitor Device of laser gain material on-line monitoring method provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is schematic shapes in laser gain material manufacturing process.
In a specific embodiment, laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method provided by the invention includes the following steps：
S1：Acquisition molten bath diameter in real time；
S2：When the molten bath diameter of acquisition does not meet relationships of the pre-stored laser power P with molten bath diameter, then
According to the relationship of laser power P and molten bath diameter adjustment laser power P so that the molten bath diameter of acquisition meets and pre-stored swashs
The relationship of luminous power P and molten bath diameter.
Relationship and the storage of laser power P and molten bath diameter are namely obtained in advance.In laser gain material manufacturing process, adopt
The processing that practical work piece is carried out with relational expression, when the molten bath diameter acquired in real time does not meet the relationship, corresponding adjustment swashs
Luminous power P is so that the current molten bath diameter of acquisition meets above-mentioned pair obtained in advance with the correspondence of laser power P
It should be related to.Realize that the purpose of on-line monitoring and control, change are detected as intervening in thing afterwards by the above process, to development green system
It makes, intelligence manufacture industry has more far-reaching realistic meaning.
Specifically, the relationship of pre-stored laser power P and molten bath diameter, specifically include：
By the two of appointing in fixed laser power P, laser scanning speed V and powder feeding rate Mp three respectively, variation is another
Molten bath diameter is tested and recorded to one, and with Metallographic Analysis and the cladding angle being calculated, is determined laser power P and melted
The relationship of pond diameter and storage；
Or pass through the two of appointing in fixed laser power P, laser scanning speed V and powdering thickness three respectively, variation
Molten bath diameter is tested and recorded to another one, and with Metallographic Analysis and the cladding angle being calculated, determine laser power P with
The relationship of molten bath diameter and storage.
Namely by experiment, melting pool shape is corresponded to when obtaining test sample increasing material manufacturing, and with Metallographic Analysis and calculating
Obtained cladding angle determines and is formed corresponding determining laser power P and molten bath diameter Relationship data, using the relation data
Carry out the processing of practical work piece.
Further include step specifically, before step S1 acquires molten bath diameter in real time：
S01：Test sample is positioned over designated position；
Preferably, before placing test sample, first will each equipment can also be subjected to installation settings.It specially will be more
Wavelength pyrometer, CCD high speed infrareds video camera, laser Machining head, laser power detection device, CCD high-speed cameras and protection gas
Pipeline carries out installation settings as requested.
S02：Fixed laser scan velocity V and laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness, change different laser power P into
Row experiment, records melting pool shape, obtains the molten bath diameter data under different laser power P；
Wherein, melting pool shape is recorded, specifically includes and records melting pool shape using CCD high-speed cameras.As needed, also may be used
To acquire melting pool shapes using other conventional equipment and record.
It should be noted that fixed laser scan velocity V and laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness, refer to fixed laser and sweep
Speed V and laser powder feeding rate Mp or fixed laser scan velocity V and powdering thickness are retouched, other technological parameters include laser
Hot spot D and laser defocusing amount keep the existing parameter constant of equipment in whole process, such as similarly hereinafter.Specifically using infrared
CCD camera records melting pool shape, obtains under above-mentioned fixed laser scanning speed V and laser powder feeding rate Mp, different laser work(
Molten bath diameter data under rate P, or obtain under above-mentioned fixed laser scanning speed V and powdering thickness, different laser power P
Under molten bath diameter data.Specifically, infrared CCD video camera directly shoots the shape in molten bath, connected computer is utilized certainly
The dynamic size for calculating molten bath.
S03：Metallographic Analysis is carried out to the laboratory sample obtained in step S02, obtains the melting pool shape parameter of laboratory sample
Data, and determine suitable laser power and corresponding molten bath diameter data, obtain laser scanning speed V and laser powder feeding speed
The relationship of molten bath diameter and laser power under rate Mp or powdering thickness determines effective relational expression T1 according to criterion；
It should be noted that determining effective relational expression T1 according to criterion, the principle of selection is as shown in figure 3, carry out metallographic
When analysis, using the scale of metallographic microscope institute band, measure the high melting slice width degree W of corresponding melting zone, fusing layer height H,
The area Am that melting zone area Ac and base material are melted brings cladding angle formula into and is calculated, it is desirable that cladding angle [alpha] is：0°
90 ° of ＜ α ＜.Meanwhile when being tested, to that cannot be formed, molten bath, molten road, forming is discontinuous and other discernable by eye are not met
Forming requirements then without calculating, directly reject corresponding processing and join parameter.By that will not meet forming requirements and be unsatisfactory for
The molten bath diameter of cladding angle requirement is rejected with laser power data, determines effective relational expression T1.Follow-up effectively relational expression T2, have
The criterion for imitating relational expression T3 and effective relational expression T4 is identical as mentioned above principle.
S04：Fixed laser power P and laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness change laser scanning speed V and carry out in fact
It tests, records melting pool shape, obtain the molten bath diameter data under different laser scanning speed V and molten bath diameter data；
S05：Metallographic Analysis is carried out to the laboratory sample obtained in step S04, obtains the melting pool shape parameter of laboratory sample
Data, and determine suitable laser scanning speed V and corresponding molten bath diameter data, obtain laser power P and laser powder feeding
The relationship of rate Mp or laser scanning speed V and molten bath diameter when constant powdering thickness determine effective relational expression according to criterion
T2；
It is in step S02 fixed lasers scan velocity V and laser powder feeding rate Mp, then corresponding solid in above-mentioned steps S04
Determine laser power P and laser powder feeding rate Mp；It is in step S02 fixed lasers scan velocity V and powdering thickness, then corresponding solid
Determine laser power P and powdering thickness.
S06：Fixed laser power P and laser scanning speed V, change powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness is tested, and remember
Melting pool shape is recorded, the molten bath diameter data under different powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness is obtained；
S07：Metallographic Analysis is carried out to the laboratory sample obtained in step S06, obtains the melting pool shape parameter of laboratory sample
Data, and determine suitable powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness and corresponding molten bath diameter data, obtain laser power P and swash
The relationship of laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness and molten bath diameter when optical scanning speed is constant are determined according to criterion and are effectively closed
It is formula T3；
It should be noted that the determination of effective relational expression T1 of above-mentioned steps S02, S03, step S04, effective pass of S05
Be formula T2 determination and step S06, S07 effective relational expression T3 determination, preferably determine successively in the order described above effective
Relational expression T1, effective relational expression T2 and effective relational expression T3, can also adjust each effective relational expression as needed determines sequence,
The namely entirety of the entirety of step S02, S03 and the entirety of step S04, S05 and step S06, S07, the sequence of three is not
It is construed as limiting.
S08：According to effective relational expression T1, effective relational expression T2 and effective relational expression T3, determine different laser scanning speeds,
It effective relational expression T4 of laser scanning power P and molten bath diameter and is stored under different powder feeding rates or powdering thickness.
By laser scanning power P under determining different laser scanning speeds, different powder feeding rates or powdering thickness and melt
Effective relational expression T4 of pond diameter is simultaneously stored, and then subsequently uses the processing of relation data progress practical work piece.
Specifically, laser Machining head, laser power meter, CCD high-speed cameras and multi-wavelength pyrometer are co-axially mounted, protection
Air pipe is directed at the center of laser molten pool.
On the basis of the various embodiments described above, laser power P is adjusted, specially：
Laser power P is adjusted by laser power detection device.Namely laser power detection device has feedback and detection work(
Can, the automatic adjustment of measurement and feedback, power for power.Preferably, the laser power detection device can to 800~
The laser of wavelength carries out on-line measurement within the scope of 1200nm.
Preferably, pyrometer may be used and be used for measuring laser molten pool central temperature, temperature measurement range is 800~2700
DEG C, which is calculated as automatic and contact measurement device, the pyrometer are not connected with optical fiber directly.
Above-mentioned infrared camera scan be entire laser action area temperature, the infrared photography configuration basic demand be
Shooting speed is per second more than 40 width figures, while the video camera is the progress that can stablize within the scope of 600~2900 DEG C in temperature
Shooting, the installation of the video camera and laser beam are coaxial.
It in above-mentioned effective relational expression T4, is directly controlled with a diameter of variable in molten bath, in sweep speed and powder feeding speed
Rate when constant (or powdering thickness), the variation of molten bath diameter then correspondingly does corresponding variation with laser power, to realize
On-line monitoring.Effective relational expression T1, effective relational expression T2, effective relational expression T3 and effective relational expression T4 can pass through experimental result
It determines, main unit therein is：P is practical laser power, and unit W, V are practical laser sweep speed, unit mmS-1,
Mp is powder feeding rate, unit g.min-1(when powder feeding), the unit after powdering are mm (when powdering).
Technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described by specific implementation mode below.Obviously, it is retouched
The embodiment stated is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, originally
The every other embodiment that field those of ordinary skill is obtained without creative efforts, belongs to the present invention
The range of protection.
Embodiment one：
A kind of laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method, includes the following steps：
S1：Each equipment is subjected to installation settings；Specially multi-wavelength pyrometer, CCD high speed infrareds video camera, laser add
Foreman, laser power detection device (have feedback and detection function, for power measurement and feedback, power automatic adjustment),
CCD high-speed cameras, protection air pipe carry out installation settings as requested；
S2：Test sample is positioned over designated position；It is powder to select 316L stainless steels herein, on 316L stainless steel bases
Increasing material manufacturing is carried out, by the way of powder feeding.
S3：Fixed laser sweep speed (V=10mm.s-1) and laser powder feeding rate (Mp=7g/min, laser facula D=
3mm and laser defocusing amount F=0 keeps the existing parameter constant of equipment, such as similarly hereinafter in whole process), change different
Laser power (P=200~1700W) is tested, and is recorded melting pool shape using CCD camera, is obtained under different laser powers
Molten bath diameter data；
S4：Metallographic Analysis is carried out to the laboratory sample obtained in S3, obtains the melting pool shape supplemental characteristic of sample, thus really
Surely suitable laser power and corresponding temperature data, obtain molten bath diameter and laser under this sweep speed and powder feeding rate
The relationship of power determines effective relational expression T1 according to criterion, and molten bath diameter valid interval at this time is 1.7~3mm, laser power
For 1000~1500W, molten bath diameter and machined parameters data under each design parameter are to correspond.
S5：Fixed laser power (P=1000W) and powder feeding rate (Mp=7g/min) change laser scanning speed (V=6
~20mm.s-1), a series of experiments is carried out, molten bath diameter data under conditions of different scanning speed is thus obtained；
S6：Metallographic Analysis is carried out to the laboratory sample in S5, the form factor of sample is obtained, thereby determines that power and powder feeding
The relationship of sweep speed and molten bath diameter when rate is constant determines effective relational expression T2 according to criterion, and at this time effective is melted
Pond is a diameter of：2~3mm, sweep speed are：7~14mm.s-1；Molten bath diameter and laser under the combination of each design parameter add
Work supplemental characteristic is all to correspond.
S7：Fixed laser power (P=1200W) and laser scanning speed (10mm.s-1), change powder feeding rate and (selects herein
Select the mode of powder feeding, powder feeding rate Mp=5-20g.min-1), obtain a series of data of powder feeding rates and molten bath diameter；
S8：Metallographic Analysis is carried out to the sample in S7, according to criterion, determines effective relational expression T3, obtained valid data
For：Effective molten bath is a diameter of：2.1~3.1mm, powder feeding rate Mp=6-15g.min-1；
S9：Effective relational expression T1, T2 and T3 are arranged together, determine the relationship of laser power P variation and molten bath diameter
Formula T4, the variation range of molten bath diameter is 1.7~3.1mm at this time, and the variation range of laser power P is：1000-1500W, it is each
The combination of a laser power and sweep speed, then there are one the powder feeding rates determined to be corresponding to it, similarly, each laser power
With the combination of powder feeding rate, then there are one the sweep speeds determined to be corresponding to it.
S10：Using relational expression T4, the on-line monitoring of laser gain material manufacture is carried out to practical work piece；
S11：If finding temperature fluctuation during monitoring, during this on-line monitoring, laser work(is selected
Rate is variation controlled quentity controlled variable, when carrying out laser gain material manufacture using the laser power, sweep speed and powder feeding rate stored in system,
The molten bath diameter measured fluctuates, then laser power is adjusted to be added in corresponding laser power in system accordingly
Work, to ensure that laser power with molten bath diameter is corresponding.System carries out the adjustment of laser power automatically according to relational expression T4.By
This completes the process of entire laser on-line monitoring.
Pyrometer in above-mentioned steps S1 is used for measuring laser molten pool size, and molten bath diameter range is 1.7~3.1mm, should
Thermometric is calculated as automatic and contact measurement device, the pyrometer are not connected with optical fiber directly.
According to above step, the increasing material manufacturing monitoring that 316L powder is prepared on 316L is realized.
Embodiment two：
The difference is that, laser gain material manufacture is carried out using the method for powder feeding existing for the present embodiment and embodiment one,
For the powder used for T400, experimental substrate is 316 stainless steels.
The acquisition stage of T1 parameters, laser power choose 1000-1800W, speed 9mm.s-1, powder feed rate 7g.s-1, by the calculating of Metallographic Analysis and dilution rate, it is 1000-1500W, molten bath 2~3mm of size to obtain effective power section；
The acquisition of T2 stage parameters, sweep speed 3-19mm.s-1, power 1200W, powder feed rate 8g.s-1, by gold
The calculating of facies analysis and dilution rate, it is 2.4-3mm, effective sweep speed ranging from 7-12mm.s to measure molten bath diameter range-1；
T3 stages, powder feeding rate are chosen for 3-20g.s-1, power 1200W, speed 2mm.s-1, by Metallographic Analysis and melt
Cover the calculating of angle, effective powder feeding rate ranging from 7-13g.s-1, measure molten bath diameter 2-3.1mm.
It puts together and integrates to T1, T2, T3, obtain molten bath diameter and sweep speed, powdering thickness and laser power
Between relationship T4, in actual motion, once molten bath diameter changes, then accordingly carry out power adjustment.
In conclusion a kind of laser gain material provided by the invention manufactures on-line monitoring method, by Optimizing Process Parameters, together
The data and curves that test sample measures carry out analysis calculating, obtain most suitable laser processing parameter, are made using the parameter
For actually measured data, calculating analysis is carried out, when work, compare whether effective molten bath diameter section difference complies with standard, from
And realize the purpose of on-line monitoring and control.Have the advantages that controllability is good, high in machining efficiency, can preferably be applied to wheel
The fields such as ship, rail traffic have the on-line monitoring of certain altitude, thin-walled parts, preferably adapt to vibration monitoring, have
More far-reaching realistic meaning.
Each embodiment is described by the way of progressive in this specification, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, just to refer each other for identical similar portion between each embodiment.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest range caused.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of laser gain material manufactures on-line monitoring method, which is characterized in that including：
Acquisition molten bath diameter in real time；
When the molten bath diameter of acquisition does not meet the relationship of pre-stored laser power P and molten bath diameter, then root
The laser power P is adjusted according to the relationship of the laser power P and molten bath diameter so that the molten bath diameter of acquisition accords with
Close the relationship of pre-stored laser power P and molten bath diameter.
2. laser gain material according to claim 1 manufactures on-line monitoring method, which is characterized in that described pre-stored sharp
The relationship of luminous power P and molten bath diameter, specifically include：
By appointing the two in fixed laser power P, laser scanning speed V and powder feeding rate Mp three respectively, change another one
Molten bath diameter is tested and recorded, and with Metallographic Analysis and the cladding angle being calculated, determines that laser power P and molten bath are straight
The relationship of diameter and storage；
Or by the two of appointing in fixed laser power P, laser scanning speed V and powdering thickness three respectively, variation is another
Person tests and records molten bath diameter, and with Metallographic Analysis and the cladding angle being calculated, determines laser power P and molten bath
The relationship of diameter and storage.
3. laser gain material according to claim 1 manufactures on-line monitoring method, which is characterized in that the real-time acquisition molten bath
Further include step before diameter：
S01：Test sample is positioned over designated position；
S02：Fixed laser scan velocity V and laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness change different laser power P and carry out in fact
It tests, records melting pool shape, obtain the molten bath diameter data under different laser power P；
And the laboratory sample to obtaining carries out Metallographic Analysis, obtains the melting pool shape supplemental characteristic of the laboratory sample, and determine
The suitable laser power P and corresponding molten bath diameter data, obtain the laser scanning speed V and the laser powder feeding
The relationship of molten bath diameter and laser power under rate Mp or powdering thickness determines effective relational expression T1 according to criterion；
S03：Fixed laser power P and laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness change laser scanning speed V and are tested, remembered
Melting pool shape is recorded, the molten bath diameter data under different laser scanning speed V is obtained；
And the laboratory sample to obtaining carries out Metallographic Analysis, obtains the melting pool shape supplemental characteristic of the laboratory sample, and determine
The suitable laser scanning speed V and corresponding molten bath diameter data, obtain the laser power P and the laser powder feeding
The relationship of rate Mp or the laser scanning speed V and molten bath diameter when constant powdering thickness are determined according to criterion and are effectively closed
It is formula T2；
S04：Fixed laser power P and laser scanning speed V, change powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness is tested, and record is molten
Pond shape obtains the molten bath diameter data under different powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness；
And the laboratory sample to obtaining carries out Metallographic Analysis, obtains the melting pool shape supplemental characteristic of the laboratory sample, and determine
The suitable powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness and corresponding molten bath diameter data obtain the laser power P and described
The relationship of the laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness and molten bath diameter when laser scanning speed is constant are determined according to criterion
Effective relational expression T3；
S05：According to effective relational expression T1, effective relational expression T2 and effective relational expression T3, different laser are determined
It effective relational expression T4 of laser scanning power P and molten bath diameter and is stored under sweep speed, different powder feeding rate or powdering thickness.
4. laser gain material according to claim 3 manufactures on-line monitoring method, which is characterized in that record molten bath shape
Shape specifically includes and records melting pool shape using CCD high-speed cameras.
5. laser gain material according to claim 3 manufactures on-line monitoring method, which is characterized in that before the step S1,
Further include：
By multi-wavelength pyrometer, CCD high speed infrareds video camera, laser Machining head, laser power detection device, CCD high-speed cameras
Installation settings is carried out as requested with protection air pipe.
6. laser gain material according to claim 5 manufactures on-line monitoring method, which is characterized in that the laser Machining head,
The laser power meter, the CCD high-speed cameras and the multi-wavelength pyrometer are co-axially mounted, the protection air pipe alignment
The center of laser molten pool.
7. manufacturing on-line monitoring method according to claim 1-6 any one of them laser gain materials, which is characterized in that the adjustment
The laser power P, specially：
The laser power P is adjusted by laser power detection device.
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