CN108856709A - A kind of laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method - Google Patents
A kind of laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108856709A CN108856709A CN201810414028.8A CN201810414028A CN108856709A CN 108856709 A CN108856709 A CN 108856709A CN 201810414028 A CN201810414028 A CN 201810414028A CN 108856709 A CN108856709 A CN 108856709A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/37—Process control of powder bed aspects, e.g. density
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of laser gain materials to manufacture on-line monitoring method, including：Acquisition molten bath central temperature in real time；When the molten bath central temperature of acquisition does not meet the relationship of pre-stored laser power P and molten bath central temperature, then the laser power P is adjusted according to the relationship of the laser power P and molten bath central temperature so that the molten bath central temperature of acquisition meets the relationship of pre-stored laser power P and molten bath central temperature.On-line monitoring method is manufactured using laser gain material provided by the invention, realize the purpose of on-line monitoring and control, change is detected as intervening in thing afterwards, have the advantages that controllability is good, high in machining efficiency, the on-line monitoring of the fields large scales such as steamer, rail traffic, large area can be preferably applied to, vibration monitoring is preferably adapted to, there is more far-reaching realistic meaning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to increases material manufacturing technology fields, manufacture on-line monitoring side more specifically to a kind of laser gain material
Method.
Background technique
The process of laser gain material manufacture is different from the manufacture of traditional material, and traditional material is by casting, forging, processing
Afterwards, determine whether material qualified using detection methods such as X-ray, ultrasounds, underproof product is done scrap processing or
It is remedied using the methods of welding.But laser gain material manufacture is due to being produced using being layering, monitoring with
Traditional manufacturing method is substantially distinguished from terms of the quality monitoring of monitoring.
For increasing material manufacturing, it is generally the case that every one of laser scanning can melt and solidify several layers of powder, powder again
The thickness of layer is usually 20 μm of extremely several mm.After laser irradiation each time by additional powder from workspace wipe off (powdering) or
Person directly serves new powder (powder feeding) and melts, and then repeats the above process, until constructing a firm three-dimensional
(3D) part.Each " building " process includes thousands of layering, therefore each run needs to spend tens to several hundred
Hour.It " constructs " each time and the identical or different part of dozens of can be generated.
In summary problem considers together, especially those parts to play a key effect to structure, is widely applied and increases material
The manufacturing technology significant challenge to be faced is the qualification of finished product and how to examine and determine its qualification.Recently, about increasing material system
The some reports made are all in the quality, consistent for appealing to ensure increasing material manufacturing with sensor by online, closed loop process control
Property and reproducibility.Online quality-monitoring advantageously reduces waste, this detection or destructiveness for carrying out release usually after building
Test.
With the high speed development of the industries such as steamer, aerospace, rail traffic, in the decline of laser equipment price, automation
Under the influence of degree improves, the requirement to increasing material manufacturing quality is higher and higher, and existing quality determining method has been unable to satisfy existing
There is current demand of the manufacturing industry to the laser gain material quality requirement manufactured and automation.Therefore, it is necessary to manufacture for laser gain material
Design a kind of on-line monitoring method.
In conclusion how to efficiently solve laser gain material manufacturing quality requirement is difficult to the problems such as meeting, it is current ability
Field technique personnel's urgent problem.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of laser gain materials to manufacture on-line monitoring method, the laser gain material
Manufacture on-line monitoring method can efficiently solve the implacable problem of laser gain material manufacturing quality requirement.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：
A kind of laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method, including：
Acquisition molten bath central temperature in real time；
When the molten bath central temperature of acquisition does not meet the relationship of pre-stored laser power P and molten bath central temperature
When, then the laser power P is adjusted according to the relationship of the laser power P and molten bath central temperature so that the molten bath acquired
Central temperature meets the relationship of pre-stored laser power P and molten bath central temperature.
Preferably, in above-mentioned laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method, in the pre-stored laser power P and molten bath
The relationship of heart temperature, specifically includes：
By the two of appointing in fixed laser power P, laser scanning speed V and powder feeding rate Mp three respectively, variation is another
The temperature at molten bath center is tested and recorded to one, and with Metallographic Analysis and the dilution rate being calculated, determines laser power P
Relationship and storage with molten bath central temperature；
Or pass through the two of appointing in fixed laser power P, laser scanning speed V and powdering thickness three respectively, variation
The temperature at molten bath center is tested and recorded to another one, and with Metallographic Analysis and the dilution rate being calculated, determines laser function
The relationship of rate P and molten bath central temperature and storage.
Preferably, in above-mentioned laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method, before the real-time acquisition molten bath central temperature, also
Including step：
S01：Test sample is placed in designated position；
S02：Fixed laser scan velocity V and laser powder feeding rate Mp change different laser power P and are tested, note
The temperature for recording molten bath center, obtains the molten bath central temperature data under different laser power P；
And Metallographic Analysis is carried out to obtained laboratory sample, the melting pool shape supplemental characteristic of the laboratory sample is obtained, and
It determines the suitable laser power and corresponding molten bath central temperature data, obtains the laser scanning speed V and described
The relationship of molten bath central temperature and laser power under laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness determines effective relational expression according to criterion
T1；
S03：Fixed laser power P and laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness change laser scanning speed V and carry out in fact
It tests, records the temperature at molten bath center, obtain the molten bath central temperature data under different laser scanning speed V；
And Metallographic Analysis is carried out to obtained laboratory sample, the melting pool shape supplemental characteristic of the laboratory sample is obtained, and
It determines the suitable laser scanning speed V and corresponding molten bath central temperature data, obtains the laser power P and described
The relationship of laser powder feeding rate Mp or the laser scanning speed V and molten bath central temperature when constant powdering thickness, according to sentencing
According to the effective relational expression T2 of determination；
S04：Fixed laser power P and laser scanning speed V, change powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness is tested, and remember
The temperature for recording molten bath center, obtains the molten bath central temperature data under different powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness；
And Metallographic Analysis is carried out to obtained laboratory sample, the melting pool shape supplemental characteristic of the laboratory sample is obtained, and
It determines suitable the powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness and corresponding molten bath central temperature data, obtains the laser power
The relationship of P and the laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness and molten bath central temperature when the constant laser scanning speed,
Effective relational expression T3 is determined according to criterion；
S05：According to effective relational expression T1, effective relational expression T2 and effective relational expression T3, determine different
Effective relational expression of laser scanning power P and molten bath central temperature under laser scanning speed, different powder feeding rates or powdering thickness
T4 is simultaneously stored.
Preferably, in above-mentioned laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method, the temperature at the record molten bath center is specifically included
Using the temperature at moisture recorder record molten bath center.
Preferably, in above-mentioned laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method, before the step S1, further include：
Multi-wavelength pyrometer, CCD high speed infrared video camera, laser Machining head, laser power detection device, CCD high speed are taken the photograph
Camera and protection air pipe carry out installation settings as requested.
Preferably, in above-mentioned laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method, the laser Machining head, the laser power meter,
The CCD high-speed camera and the multi-wavelength pyrometer are co-axially mounted, the center of the protection air pipe alignment laser molten pool
Position.
Preferably, in above-mentioned laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method, the adjustment laser power P, specially：
The laser power P is adjusted by laser power detection device.
On-line monitoring method is manufactured using laser gain material provided by the invention, by acquiring molten bath central temperature in real time；When
When the molten bath central temperature of acquisition does not meet relationship of the pre-stored laser power P with molten bath central temperature, then according to laser
The relationship adjustment laser power P of power P and molten bath central temperature is so that the molten bath central temperature of acquisition meets and pre-stored swashs
The corresponding relationship of optical power P and molten bath central temperature.To realize the purpose of on-line monitoring and control, change is detected as in thing afterwards
Intervene, there is more far-reaching realistic meaning to development green manufacturing, intelligence manufacture industry.
In one preferred embodiment, the relationship of pre-stored laser power P and molten bath central temperature is specific to wrap
It includes：By both appointing in fixed laser power P respectively, laser scanning speed V and powder feeding rate Mp three, variation another one into
Row is tested and records the temperature at molten bath center, and with Metallographic Analysis and the dilution rate being calculated, determines laser power P and molten bath
The relationship of central temperature and storage.Carry out the processing of practical work piece using the relation data, and with the criterion numeral that is stored in system
According to that is, the relational expression compares, its requirement for whether meeting laser gain material is detected, to realize the mesh of on-line monitoring and control
's.It obtains laser power P by this way and the relationship of molten bath central temperature is simple and reliable.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is that the laser gain material of one specific embodiment of the present invention manufactures the flow diagram of on-line monitoring method；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram using the on-Line Monitor Device of laser gain material on-line monitoring method provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is schematic shapes in laser gain material manufacturing process.
It is marked in attached drawing as follows：
1- substrate；2- protects tracheae；3- cladding layer；4- laser beam；5- high-temperature temperature meter；6- laser power measurement
Meter；7- optical fiber；8-CCD crater image video camera；Wd- melting zone width；Hc- melts layer height；Hd- depth of fusion.
Dilution rate d is：
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of laser gain materials to manufacture on-line monitoring method, for steamer, rail traffic etc.
Field meets large area, the material of large scale specification welds online monitoring requirements.
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1-Fig. 3 is please referred to, Fig. 1 is that the laser gain material of one specific embodiment of the present invention manufactures the stream of on-line monitoring method
Journey schematic diagram；Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram using the on-Line Monitor Device of laser gain material on-line monitoring method provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is schematic shapes in laser gain material manufacturing process.
In a specific embodiment, laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method provided by the invention includes the following steps：
S1：Acquisition molten bath central temperature in real time；
S2：When the molten bath central temperature of acquisition does not meet the relationship of pre-stored laser power P and molten bath central temperature
When, then laser power P is adjusted so that the molten bath central temperature of acquisition meets according to the relationship of laser power P and molten bath central temperature
The relationship of pre-stored laser power P and molten bath central temperature.
Relationship and the storage of laser power P and molten bath central temperature are namely obtained in advance.In laser gain material manufacturing process
In, the processing of practical work piece is carried out using relational expression, it is corresponding to adjust when the molten bath central temperature acquired in real time does not meet the relationship
Whole laser power P is so that the current molten bath central temperature of acquisition and the corresponding relationship of laser power P meet above-mentioned preparatory acquisition
Corresponding relationship.The purpose of on-line monitoring and control is realized by the above process, and change is detected as intervening in thing afterwards, green to developing
Color manufacture, intelligence manufacture industry have more far-reaching realistic meaning.
Specifically, the relationship of pre-stored laser power P and molten bath central temperature, specifically include：
By the two of appointing in fixed laser power P, laser scanning speed V and powder feeding rate Mp three respectively, variation is another
The temperature at molten bath center is tested and recorded to one, and with Metallographic Analysis and the dilution rate being calculated, determines laser power P
Relationship and storage with molten bath central temperature；
Or pass through the two of appointing in fixed laser power P, laser scanning speed V and powdering thickness three respectively, variation
The temperature at molten bath center is tested and recorded to another one, and with Metallographic Analysis and the dilution rate being calculated, determines laser function
The relationship of rate P and molten bath central temperature and storage.
Namely by test, the molten bath central temperature that surface is corresponded to when test sample increasing material manufacturing is obtained, and with metallographic
The dilution rate analyzed and be calculated determines and is formed corresponding temperature relation data, carries out practical work using the relation data
The processing of part.
Specifically, further including step before step S1 acquires molten bath central temperature in real time：
S01：Test sample is placed in designated position；
Preferably, before placing test sample, first each equipment will can also be subjected to installation settings.It specially will be more
Wavelength pyrometer, CCD high speed infrared video camera, laser Machining head, laser power detection device, CCD high-speed camera and protection gas
Pipeline carries out installation settings as requested.
S02：Fixed laser scan velocity V and laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness, change different laser power P into
Row experiment, records the temperature at molten bath center, obtains the molten bath central temperature data under different laser power P；
Wherein, the temperature for recording molten bath center specifically includes the temperature using moisture recorder record molten bath center.According to
It needs, it can also be using the temperature and record at other conventional equipment acquisition molten bath centers.
It should be noted that fixed laser scan velocity V and laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness, refer to that fixed laser is swept
Speed V and laser powder feeding rate Mp or fixed laser scan velocity V and powdering thickness are retouched, other technological parameters include laser
Hot spot D and laser defocusing amount keep the existing parameter constant of equipment in whole process, such as similarly hereinafter.Temperature specifically can be used
Recorder records the temperature at molten bath center and records melting pool shape using CCD camera, obtains the laser scanning speed V of above-mentioned fixation
Under laser powder feeding rate Mp, molten bath central temperature data under different laser power P, or obtain the laser of above-mentioned fixation and sweep
It retouches under speed V and powdering thickness, the molten bath central temperature data under different laser power P.
S03：Metallographic Analysis is carried out to laboratory sample obtained in step S02, obtains the melting pool shape parameter of laboratory sample
Data, and determine suitable laser power and corresponding molten bath central temperature data, it obtains laser scanning speed V and laser is sent
The relationship of molten bath central temperature and laser power under powder rate Mp or powdering thickness determines effective relational expression T1 according to criterion；
It should be noted that determining effective relational expression T1 according to criterion, the principle of selection is as shown in figure 3, carry out metallographic
When analysis, using the scale of metallographic microscope institute band, corresponding fusing layer height Hc and penetration depth Hd is measured, brings dilution into
Rate formula is calculated, it is desirable that dilution rate d≤8.Meanwhile when being tested, do not connect to that cannot form molten bath, molten road, shape
Continuous and other naked eyes differentiate do not meet forming requirements then without calculating, directly reject corresponding processing and join parameter.Passing through will
It does not meet forming requirements and is unsatisfactory for the molten bath central temperature and laser power data rejecting of dilution rate requirement, determine effective relationship
Formula T1.The criterion of subsequent effective relational expression T2, effective relational expression T3 and effective relational expression T4 are identical as mentioned above principle.
S04：Fixed laser power P and laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness change laser scanning speed V and carry out in fact
It tests, records the temperature at molten bath center, obtain the molten bath central temperature data under different laser scanning speed V；
S05：Metallographic Analysis is carried out to laboratory sample obtained in step S04, obtains the melting pool shape parameter of laboratory sample
Data, and determine suitable laser scanning speed V and corresponding molten bath central temperature data, obtain laser power P and laser
The relationship of powder feeding rate Mp or laser scanning speed V and molten bath central temperature when constant powdering thickness have according to criterion determination
Imitate relational expression T2；
It is in step S02 fixed laser scan velocity V and laser powder feeding rate Mp, then corresponding solid in above-mentioned steps S04
Determine laser power P and laser powder feeding rate Mp；It is in step S02 fixed laser scan velocity V and powdering thickness, then corresponding solid
Determine laser power P and powdering thickness.
S06：Fixed laser power P and laser scanning speed V, change powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness is tested, and remember
The temperature for recording molten bath center, obtains the molten bath central temperature data under different powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness；
S07：Metallographic Analysis is carried out to laboratory sample obtained in step S06, obtains the melting pool shape parameter of laboratory sample
Data, and determine suitable powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness and corresponding molten bath central temperature data, obtain laser power P
It is true according to criterion with the relationship of laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness and molten bath central temperature of the laser scanning speed when constant
Fixed effective relational expression T3；
It should be noted that the determination of effective relational expression T1 of above-mentioned steps S02, S03, step S04, effective pass of S05
Be formula T2 determination and step S06, S07 effective relational expression T3 determination, preferably successively determine in the order described above effective
Relational expression T1, effective relational expression T2 and effective relational expression T3, also can according to need each effective relational expression of adjustment determines sequence,
The namely entirety of the entirety of step S02, S03 and the entirety of step S04, S05 and step S06, S07, the sequence of three is not
It limits.
S08：According to effective relational expression T1, effective relational expression T2 and effective relational expression T3, determine different laser scanning speeds,
It effective relational expression T4 of laser scanning power P and molten bath central temperature and is stored under different powder feeding rates or powdering thickness.
By laser scanning power P under determining different laser scanning speeds, different powder feeding rates or powdering thickness and melt
Effective relational expression T4 of pond central temperature is simultaneously stored, and then the subsequent processing that practical work piece is carried out using the relation data.
Specifically, laser Machining head, laser power meter, CCD high-speed camera and multi-wavelength pyrometer are co-axially mounted, protection
The center of air pipe alignment laser molten pool.
On the basis of the various embodiments described above, laser power P is adjusted, specially：
Laser power P is adjusted by laser power detection device.Namely laser power detection device has feedback and detection function
Can, the automatic adjustment of measurement and feedback, power for power.Preferably, the laser power detection device can to 800~
The laser of wavelength carries out on-line measurement within the scope of 1200nm.
Preferably, above-mentioned pyrometer is used to measure laser molten pool central temperature, and temperature measurement range is 800~2700 DEG C,
The thermometric is calculated as automatically with not contact measurement device, and the pyrometer is directly the same as optical fiber connection.
Above-mentioned infrared camera scan be entire laser action area temperature, the infrared photography configuration basic demand be
Shooting speed is per second more than 40 width figures, while the video camera is progress that can be stable within the scope of 600~2900 DEG C in temperature
Shooting, the installation of the video camera and laser beam are coaxial.
In above-mentioned effective relational expression T4, directly controlled using temperature as variable, scanning speed and powder feeding rate (or
When person's powdering thickness is constant), the variation of temperature then correspondingly does corresponding variation with laser power, to realize on-line monitoring.
Effective relational expression T1, effective relational expression T2, effective relational expression T3 and effective relational expression T4 can be determining by experimental result, wherein
Main unit be：P is practical laser power, and unit W, V are practical laser scanning speed, unit mmS-1, Mp is powder feeding
Rate, unit g.min-1(when powder feeding), the unit of powdering thickness are mm (when powdering).
Technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described by specific embodiment below.Obviously, it is retouched
The embodiment stated is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, originally
Field those of ordinary skill every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, belongs to the present invention
The range of protection.
Embodiment one：
A kind of laser gain material manufacture on-line monitoring method, includes the following steps：
S1：Each equipment is subjected to installation settings；Specially multi-wavelength pyrometer, CCD high speed infrared video camera, laser add
Foreman, laser power detection device (having feedback and detection function, the automatic adjustment of measurement and feedback, power for power),
CCD high-speed camera, protection air pipe carry out installation settings as requested；
S2：Test sample is placed in designated position；Selecting 316L stainless steel herein is powder, on 316L stainless steel base
Increasing material manufacturing is carried out, by the way of powder feeding.
S3：Fixed laser scanning speed (V=10mm.s-1) and laser powder feeding rate (Mp=3g/min, laser facula D=
2mm and laser defocusing amount F=0 keeps the existing parameter constant of equipment, such as similarly hereinafter in whole process), change different
Laser power (P=200~1500W) is tested, and using the temperature at moisture recorder record molten bath center, obtains different laser
Molten bath central temperature data under power；
S4：Metallographic Analysis is carried out to the laboratory sample in S3, the melting pool shape supplemental characteristic of sample is obtained, thereby determines that suitable
The laser power of conjunction and corresponding temperature data obtain bath temperature and laser power under this scanning speed and powder feeding rate
Relationship, determine effective relational expression T1 according to criterion, temperature valid interval at this time is 1600~1900 DEG C, and laser power is
700~1500W, temperature and machined parameters data under each design parameter are to correspond.
S5：Fixed laser power (P=1000W) and powder feeding rate (Mp=3g/min) change laser scanning speed (V=3
~20mm.s-1), a series of experiments is carried out, molten bath central temperature and melting pool shape under conditions of different scanning speed are thus obtained
Data；
S6：Metallographic Analysis is carried out to the laboratory sample in S5, the form factor of sample is obtained, thereby determines that power and powder feeding
The relationship of scanning speed and bath temperature when rate is constant determines effective relational expression T2 according to criterion, and at this time effective consolidates
Section is 1600~1900 DEG C, and scanning speed is：5~16mm.s-1；Temperature and laser processing under the combination of each design parameter
Supplemental characteristic is all to correspond.
S7：Fixed laser power (P=1200W) and laser scanning speed (10mm.s-1), change powder feeding rate and (selects herein
Select the mode of powder feeding, powder feeding rate Mp=1-15g.min-1), obtain a series of data of powder feeding rates Yu molten bath central temperature；
S8：Metallographic Analysis is carried out to the sample in S7, according to criterion, determines effective relational expression T3, obtained valid data
For：Temperature is 1600-1900 DEG C, powder feeding rate Mp=2-13g.min-1；
S9：Effective relational expression T1, T2 and T3 are arranged together, determine laser power P variation and molten bath central temperature
Relational expression T4, the variation range of temperature is 1600-1900 DEG C at this time, and the variation range of laser power P is：700-1500W, it is each
The combination of a laser power P and scanning speed then have a determining powder feeding rate to be corresponding to it, similarly, each laser function
The combination of rate P and powder feeding rate then have a determining scanning speed to be corresponding to it.
S10：Using relational expression T4, the on-line monitoring of laser gain material manufacture is carried out to practical work piece；
S11：If finding temperature fluctuation during monitoring, during this on-line monitoring, laser function is selected
Rate is variation control amount, when carrying out laser gain material manufacture using the laser power, scanning speed and powder feeding rate stored in system,
The temperature measured fluctuates, then laser power is adjusted to be processed in corresponding laser power in system accordingly,
To ensure that laser power with temperature is corresponding.System carries out the adjustment of laser power automatically according to relational expression T4.Thus it completes
The process of entire laser on-line monitoring.
According to above step, the increasing material manufacturing monitoring that 316L powder is prepared on 316L is realized.
Embodiment two：
The difference is that, laser gain material manufacture is carried out using the method for powdering existing for the present embodiment and embodiment one,
For the powder used for high temperature alloy stellite6, experimental substrate is 316 stainless steels.
The acquisition stage of T1 parameter, laser power choose 60-180W, scanning speed 2mm.s-1, powdering with a thickness of
0.2mm, by the calculating of Metallographic Analysis and dilution rate, obtaining effective power section is 80-160W, and temperature is 1300-1650 DEG C；
The acquisition of T2 stage parameter, scanning speed 1-12mm.s-1, laser power 120W, powdering thickness 0.2mm, by gold
The calculating of facies analysis and dilution rate, measuring temperature range is 1300-1650 DEG C, and effective scanning speed range is 2-10mm.s-1,
T3 stage, powdering thickness are chosen for 0.1-1.2mm, laser power 120W, scanning speed 2mm.s-1, measuring temperature is
1300-1650 DEG C, by the calculating of Metallographic Analysis and dilution rate, measuring temperature range is 1300-1650 DEG C, effective powdering thickness
Range is 0.2-1.0mm.
It puts together and integrates to T1, T2, T3, obtain between temperature and scanning speed, powdering thickness and laser power
Relationship T4, in actual motion, once temperature changes, then accordingly carry out power adjustment.
In conclusion a kind of laser gain material provided by the invention manufactures on-line monitoring method, by Optimizing Process Parameters, together
The data and curves that test sample measures carry out analytical calculation, obtain most suitable laser processing parameter, are made using the parameter
For actually measured data, calculating analysis is carried out, it is online whether the numerical value in comparison effective temperature section complies with standard to realize
The purpose of monitoring and control.Have the advantages that controllability is good, high in machining efficiency, can preferably be applied to steamer, rail traffic
Equal fields large scale, large area, long weld seam on-line monitoring, preferably adapt to vibration monitoring, there is more far-reaching show
Sincere justice.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest scope of cause.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of laser gain material manufactures on-line monitoring method, which is characterized in that including：
Acquisition molten bath central temperature in real time；
When the molten bath central temperature of acquisition does not meet the relationship of pre-stored laser power P and molten bath central temperature,
The laser power P is then adjusted according to the relationship of the laser power P and molten bath central temperature so that in the molten bath of acquisition
Heart temperature meets the relationship of pre-stored laser power P and molten bath central temperature.
2. laser gain material according to claim 1 manufactures on-line monitoring method, which is characterized in that described pre-stored sharp
The relationship of optical power P and molten bath central temperature, specifically include：
By appointing the two in fixed laser power P, laser scanning speed V and powder feeding rate Mp three respectively, change another one
The temperature at molten bath center is tested and recorded, and with Metallographic Analysis and the dilution rate being calculated, determines laser power P and melts
The relationship of pond central temperature and storage；
Or by appointing the two in fixed laser power P, laser scanning speed V and powdering thickness three respectively, change another
Person tests and records the temperature at molten bath center, and with Metallographic Analysis and the dilution rate being calculated, determine laser power P with
The relationship of molten bath central temperature and storage.
3. laser gain material according to claim 1 manufactures on-line monitoring method, which is characterized in that the real-time acquisition molten bath
It further include step before central temperature：
S01：Test sample is placed in designated position；
S02：Fixed laser scan velocity V and laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness change different laser power P and carry out in fact
It tests, records the temperature at molten bath center, obtain the molten bath central temperature data under different laser power P；
And Metallographic Analysis is carried out to obtained laboratory sample, the melting pool shape supplemental characteristic of the laboratory sample is obtained, and determine
The suitable laser power and corresponding molten bath central temperature data, obtains the laser scanning speed V and the laser
The relationship of molten bath central temperature and laser power under powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness determines effective relational expression T1 according to criterion；
S03：Fixed laser power P and laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness change laser scanning speed V and are tested, remembered
The temperature for recording molten bath center, obtains the molten bath central temperature data under different laser scanning speed V；
And Metallographic Analysis is carried out to obtained laboratory sample, the melting pool shape supplemental characteristic of the laboratory sample is obtained, and determine
The suitable laser scanning speed V and corresponding molten bath central temperature data, obtain the laser power P and the laser
The relationship of powder feeding rate Mp or the laser scanning speed V and molten bath central temperature when constant powdering thickness, it is true according to criterion
Fixed effective relational expression T2；
S04：Fixed laser power P and laser scanning speed V, change powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness is tested, and record is molten
The temperature at pond center obtains the molten bath central temperature data under different powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness；
And Metallographic Analysis is carried out to obtained laboratory sample, the melting pool shape supplemental characteristic of the laboratory sample is obtained, and determine
The suitable powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness and corresponding molten bath central temperature data, obtain the laser power P and
The relationship of the laser powder feeding rate Mp or powdering thickness and molten bath central temperature when the laser scanning speed is constant, foundation
Criterion determines effective relational expression T3；
S05：According to effective relational expression T1, effective relational expression T2 and effective relational expression T3, different laser are determined
Laser scanning power P and effective relational expression T4 of molten bath central temperature be simultaneously under scanning speed, different powder feeding rate or powdering thickness
Storage.
4. laser gain material according to claim 3 manufactures on-line monitoring method, which is characterized in that the record molten bath center
Temperature, specifically include using moisture recorder record molten bath center temperature.
5. laser gain material according to claim 3 manufactures on-line monitoring method, which is characterized in that before the step S1,
Further include：
By multi-wavelength pyrometer, CCD high speed infrared video camera, laser Machining head, laser power detection device, CCD high-speed camera
Installation settings is carried out as requested with protection air pipe.
6. laser gain material according to claim 5 manufactures on-line monitoring method, which is characterized in that the laser Machining head,
The laser power meter, the CCD high-speed camera and the multi-wavelength pyrometer are co-axially mounted, the protection air pipe alignment
The center of laser molten pool.
7. laser gain material according to claim 1-6 manufactures on-line monitoring method, which is characterized in that the adjustment
Laser power P, specially：
Laser power P is adjusted by laser power detection device.
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| CN111151748A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-15 | 江苏亚威创科源激光装备有限公司 | On-line monitoring method for manufacturing ceramic-containing reinforced phase composite material by using laser additive |
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| CN111266577A (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2020-06-12 | 山东水利职业学院 | 3D printing quality computer online monitoring method |
| CN111965171A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-20 | 江苏大学 | Method for preparing functionally graded material based on closed-loop joint measurement and control system |
| CN116833575A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-10-03 | 鸿星科技(集团)股份有限公司 | Method for stamping characters on SMD quartz crystal oscillator |
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