CN106363171A - Selective laser melting forming molten bath real-time monitoring device and monitoring method - Google Patents
Selective laser melting forming molten bath real-time monitoring device and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106363171A CN106363171A CN201610862914.8A CN201610862914A CN106363171A CN 106363171 A CN106363171 A CN 106363171A CN 201610862914 A CN201610862914 A CN 201610862914A CN 106363171 A CN106363171 A CN 106363171A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/368—Temperature or temperature gradient, e.g. temperature of the melt pool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/22—Driving means
- B22F12/222—Driving means for motion along a direction orthogonal to the plane of a layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
- B22F12/45—Two or more
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
- B22F12/43—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam pulsed; frequency modulated
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a selective laser melting forming molten bath real-time monitoring device and a monitoring method, and belongs to the technical field of 3D printing additive manufacturing. The selective laser melting forming molten bath real-time monitoring device and the monitoring method can monitor the molten bath temperature, the shape and the area in the SLM forming process in real time, conduct online assessment on the forming precision and the laser power and feed back the result. According to the adopted technical scheme, a melting forming laser system and a pulsed laser are arranged on the top of a forming cavity, a piece of transparent glass is arranged in the center of the top of the forming cavity, a laser lens tube is arranged above the transparent glass, and the pulsed laser is connected with the laser lens tube through an optical fiber. A lifting frame is arranged in the forming cavity, lifting mechanisms are arranged on the two sides of the lifting frame, and cameras are arranged at the bottom of the lifting frame in the mode of different angles. The melting forming laser system, the pulsed laser, the lifting mechanisms and the cameras are connected with a master control system. The selective laser melting forming molten bath real-time monitoring device and the monitoring method are widely used for real-time monitoring of a selective laser melting forming molten bath.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of selective laser melting shapes molten bath real-time monitoring device and monitoring method, belong to 3d and print
Increases material manufacturing technology field.
Background technology
3d printing technique, also known as increases material manufacturing technology, is based on mathematical model, material is successively piled up and produces reality
The emerging manufacturing technology of body article, this technology is by the close knot of information network technique and advanced material technology, numerical DC speed technology
Close, be the important component part of advanced manufacturing industry.3d print be not required to cut material, be also not required to mould, can batch micro operations, also can be remote
Journey manipulates, and is particularly suited for the very little product of complex structure, volume, and manufacturing speed is fast, with short production cycle, reduces development cost
And risk, bring the change of manufacturing process and production model.Metallic article 3d printing technique (slm technology) is beaten as whole 3d
Forefront and most potential technology in print system, are the important development directions of advanced manufacturing technology.
The ultimate principle of slm technology is: first utilizes the 3D sculpting software such as pro/e, ug, catia to design on computers
Go out the three-dimensional entity model of part, then slicing delamination is carried out to this threedimensional model by Slice Software, obtain the wheel in each section
Wide data, generates filling scanning pattern by outline data, and equipment will fill scan line according to these, control laser beam selective melting
The metal powder material of each layer, is progressively stacked into 3-dimensional metal part.Before laser beam starts scanning, powdering system is by metal dust
Laid on metallic substrates.Laser beam optionally carries out fusing according to manufactured part current interface outline data and shapes.Subsequently
Substrate declines certain altitude, and powdering system spreads one layer of powder again, and laser carries out selectivity according to next layer cross section information of model
Fusing, and so on circulation is until whole product completes fusing and shapes.
In slm forming process, metal bath has the physics such as strong heat transfer, radiation, solidification, convection current, phase transformation
Chemical change, is the key area that laser is interacted with metal dust.Metallurgy in molten bath state and forming technology, crystallization,
The processes such as phase transformation have close contact, and stability in technical process for the molten bath state directly influences the size of molded article
Precision and mechanical property.Therefore, to the real-time monitoring of molten bath state it is the key controlling slm forming technology.At present with regard to welding
During molten bath monitoring research relatively many, and correlation technique also comparative maturity, but in slm forming process, laser
Scanning speed is very fast, and luminous power, beam scanning rate, gas componant, throughput, material property and thickness etc. are excited in molten bath
Factor impact is larger it is therefore desirable to monitoring system shooting speed is fast, and data volume is larger, and signal processing must implement into
OK, real-time monitoring cannot be realized with routine monitoring setting.
Content of the invention
For solving the technical problem that prior art exists, the invention provides one kind being capable of real-time monitoring slm forming process
Middle bath temperature, shape and area, and online evaluation can be carried out to forming accuracy and laser power, and the selectivity feeding back swashs
Light fusing shapes molten bath real-time monitoring device and monitoring method.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention shapes molten bath real-time monitoring for selective laser melting
Device, including forming cavity, the top of described forming cavity is provided with fusing and shapes laser system and pulse laser, described forming cavity
Center of top be provided with clear glass, be provided with laser lens barrel above described clear glass, described pulse laser pass through light
Fibre is connected with laser lens barrel, and described molding intracavity is provided with crane, and the both sides of described crane are provided with elevating mechanism, institute
State and be provided with video camera in the multiple angle in bottom of crane, described fusing shapes laser system, pulse laser, elevating mechanism
All it is connected with master control system with video camera.
Preferably, described molding top of chamber is provided with supporting support, and described supporting support is provided with rotating shaft, described rotating shaft
One end be provided with the first motor, the other end is provided with u-shaped frame, and described laser lens barrel is hinged in u-shaped frame, described u-shaped frame
Second motor is provided with jointed shaft, described first motor, the second motor are all connected with master control system.
Preferably, described laser lens barrel includes cylinder, beam expanding lens, focus lamp and protective glass, the top of described cylinder and light
Fine connection, cylinder body bottom is provided with protective glass, is disposed with beam expanding lens and focus lamp in described cylinder from top to bottom.
Preferably, the middle part of described crane is provided with ring support, is rotatablely equipped with annular bottom in described ring support
Seat, the bottom of described annular base is provided with cannelure, and top is provided with gear ring, and described annular base is installed on by cannelure
On ring support, the both sides of described annular base are provided with and gear ring meshed gears, and described gear is provided with the 3rd motor,
Described video camera is uniformly fixed on the bottom of annular base, is additionally provided with an infrared temperature-test sensor, institute by each video camera
The two bottom sides stating ring support are additionally provided with infrared distance sensor, described 3rd motor, infrared temperature-test sensor and infrared
Distance measuring sensor is all connected with master control system.
Preferably, the camera lens of described video camera is provided with high temperature resistant protective cover.
Selective laser melting shapes molten bath method of real-time, follows the steps below operation,
A, start forming laser system so as to the forming laser that sends, formed powder is carried out according to model cross section profile size
Fusing shapes；
B, startup laser strobe system, make to send pulse laser using pulse laser, master control system adjusts the fortune of pulse laser
Row track is so as to running orbit follows the running orbit of forming laser closely, and this pulse laser covers the electric arc in forming process
And the intensity of molten bath radiant light；
C, the height of adjustment molten bath video camera, camera angle is it is ensured that optimal photographic effect, and molten bath picture is fed back to master
Control system, master control system is analyzed to bath temperature, shape and area, calculates forming laser real work power, and with
Setting value is contrasted；
D, molten bath infrared temperature-test sensor measure the temperature in molten bath from different perspectives, and this temperature information is transferred to master control system
System, the image information of bath temperature information and molten bath is contrasted by master control system, thus checking bath temperature, shape further
And area, and the actual power of forming laser；
E, master control system according to above- mentioned information, adjust the power of forming laser, realize the control to metal bath, thus realize right
Molded article precision and the control of mechanical property.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following technical effect that the present invention can be in real-time monitoring slm forming process
Bath temperature, shape and area, and online evaluation can be carried out to forming accuracy and laser power, and feed back information to master control
System, master control system, thus adjusting laser power, realizes the control to metal bath, thus realizing to molded article precision and power
Learn the control of performance, improve yield rate and the structure property of product.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the mounting structure schematic diagram of laser lens barrel in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of laser lens barrel in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of annular base and ring support in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order that the technical problem to be solved, technical scheme and beneficial effect become more apparent, below tie
Close drawings and Examples, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only
In order to explain the present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, selective laser melting shapes molten bath real-time monitoring device, including forming cavity 1, the top of forming cavity 1
Portion is provided with fusing and shapes laser system 8 and pulse laser 16, and the center of top of forming cavity 1 is provided with clear glass 9, transparent
It is provided with laser lens barrel 11, pulse laser 16 is connected with laser lens barrel 11 by optical fiber 15, in forming cavity 1 above glass 9
It is provided with crane 5, the both sides of crane 5 are provided with elevating mechanism 2, the multiple angle in bottom of crane 5 is provided with shooting
Machine 20, fusing shaping laser system 8, pulse laser 16, elevating mechanism 2 are all connected with master control system 22 with video camera 20.
Fusing shapes laser system 8 and is used for drip molding is carried out laser sintered, and pulse laser 16 is used for sending pulse and swashs
Light covers the electric arc in forming process, weakens the intensity of molten bath radiant light, consequently facilitating molten bath video camera images to molten bath.
Pulse laser 16 is arranged on forming cavity 1 top.This pulse laser laser power 7.5-12mw, peak power 75-90kw, one
In the individual pulse period, the pulse duration is 1-2ns.Optical fiber 15 one end connects pulse laser 16, and other end connects laser mirror
Cylinder 11.Wherein, as shown in Fig. 2 forming cavity 1 top is provided with supporting support 13, supporting support 13 is provided with rotating shaft 27, rotating shaft
27 one end is provided with the first motor 14, and the other end is provided with u-shaped frame 12, and laser lens barrel 11 is hinged in u-shaped frame 12, u-shaped frame
Second motor 10 is provided with 12 jointed shaft 28, the first motor 14, the second motor 10 are all connected with master control system 22.Laser
Lens barrel is arranged on u-shaped frame, can carry out swing by the first Motor drive u-shaped frame, can be driven by the second motor
Laser lens barrel is swung, it is achieved thereby that the laser sending scans in three dimensions, master control system 22 is according to model
Section and scan path control lens barrel motion, enable pulse laser to follow fusing closely and shape the shaping that laser system sends
The track motion of laser, so that pulse laser covers the electric arc in forming process, weakens the intensity of molten bath radiant light, thus just
In molten bath, camera system images to molten bath.
As shown in figure 3, laser lens barrel 11 includes cylinder 24, beam expanding lens 23, focus lamp 25 and protective glass 26, the top of cylinder 24
Portion is connected with optical fiber 15, and cylinder 24 bottom is provided with protective glass 26, is disposed with beam expanding lens 23 He in cylinder 24 from top to bottom
Focus lamp 25.Beam expanding lens 23 is arranged on below optical fiber 15, for expanded light beam diameter, reduces beam divergence angle, reduces energy and damages
Consumption.Focus lamp 25 is installed in beam expanding lens 23 lower section, and focus lamp 25 is mainly used in light beam is focused, and reaches focal beam spot in scanning
In the range of obtain consistent focus characteristics.Focus lamp is installed below protective glass 26, and protective glass 26 is arranged on lens barrel 11 bottom, uses
In protection focus lamp 25 grade light path system.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4, the middle part of crane 5 is provided with ring support 18, is rotatablely equipped with ring in ring support 18
Shape base 17, the bottom of annular base 17 is provided with cannelure 19, and top is provided with gear ring 29, and annular base 17 passes through cannelure
29 are installed on ring support 18, and the both sides of annular base 17 are provided with and gear ring meshed gears 6, and gear 6 is provided with
Three motors 7, video camera 20 is uniformly fixed on the bottom of annular base 17, is additionally provided with an infrared measurement of temperature by each video camera 20
Sensor 3, the two bottom sides of ring support 18 are additionally provided with infrared distance sensor 4, the 3rd motor 7, infrared temperature-test sensor 3
All it is connected with master control system 22 with infrared distance sensor 4, the camera lens of video camera 20 is provided with high temperature resistant protective cover 21.
In the present invention, the quantity of video camera and infrared temperature-test sensor is 3, using between video camera, infrared measurement of temperature pass
It is mutually 120 ° between sensor to be arranged.Video camera and infrared temperature-test sensor are installed in the bottom of annular base, annular bottom
Seat is arranged on crane, and the top of annular base is provided with the gear ring being meshed with gear, and such elevating mechanism can drive
Crane moves up and down, and the 3rd motor can drive annular base rotation, so that video camera and infrared temperature-test sensor are therewith
Motion.Elevating mechanism can be hydraulicefficiency elevation structure or mechanical elevating mechanism.Infrared temperature-test sensor is used for never
Equidirectional bath temperature is measured.The temperature data recording is subsequently communicated to master control system 22, and master control system 22 is according to survey
Warm data is analyzed with crater image data, thus correcting the temperature in molten bath further, judges laser light rate.Infrared survey
Away from sensor for measuring the distance apart from drip molding for the video camera 20, and by this feedback of the information to master control system 22, master control
System 22, according to the range information adjustment elevating mechanism of feedback, makes video camera 20 keep optimal camera distance with product, according to
Fusing shapes laser system 8 laser scanning track, and adjustment annular base makes video camera keep optimal camera angle with molten bath.Take the photograph
After camera shoots molten bath from different perspectives, it is transferred to master control system 22, master control system 22 is to the shape bath temperature in molten bath, shape
And area is analyzed, and online evaluation can be carried out to laser power, thus adjusting laser power.
Specifically when carrying out real-time monitoring, follow the steps below operation,
A, start forming laser system so as to the forming laser that sends, formed powder is carried out according to model cross section profile size
Fusing shapes；
B, startup laser strobe system, make to send pulse laser using pulse laser, master control system adjusts the fortune of pulse laser
Row track is so as to running orbit follows the running orbit of forming laser closely, and this pulse laser covers the electric arc in forming process
And the intensity of molten bath radiant light；
C, the height of adjustment molten bath video camera, camera angle is it is ensured that optimal photographic effect, and molten bath picture is fed back to master
Control system, master control system is analyzed to bath temperature, shape and area, calculates forming laser real work power, and with
Setting value is contrasted；
D, molten bath infrared temperature-test sensor measure the temperature in molten bath from different perspectives, and this temperature information is transferred to master control system
System, the image information of bath temperature information and molten bath is contrasted by master control system, thus checking bath temperature, shape further
And area, and the actual power of forming laser；
E, master control system according to above- mentioned information, adjust the power of forming laser, realize the control to metal bath, thus realize right
Molded article precision and the control of mechanical property.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all essences in the present invention
Any modification, equivalent and improvement made within god and principle etc., all should wrap within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. selective laser melting shapes molten bath real-time monitoring device, and including forming cavity, the top of described forming cavity is provided with molten
Chemical conversion shape laser system and pulse laser it is characterised in that: the center of top of described forming cavity is provided with clear glass, described
It is provided with laser lens barrel, described pulse laser is connected with laser lens barrel by optical fiber, described forming cavity above clear glass
Inside it is provided with crane, the both sides of described crane are provided with elevating mechanism, the multiple angle in bottom of described crane is arranged
There is video camera, described fusing shaping laser system, pulse laser, elevating mechanism are all connected with master control system with video camera.
2. selective laser melting according to claim 1 shape molten bath real-time monitoring device it is characterised in that: described one-tenth
Die cavity top is provided with supporting support, and described supporting support is provided with rotating shaft, and one end of described rotating shaft is provided with the first motor,
The other end is provided with u-shaped frame, and described laser lens barrel is hinged in u-shaped frame, and the jointed shaft of described u-shaped frame is provided with the second electricity
Machine, described first motor, the second motor are all connected with master control system.
3. selective laser melting according to claim 1 and 2 shape molten bath real-time monitoring device it is characterised in that: institute
State laser lens barrel and include cylinder, beam expanding lens, focus lamp and protective glass, the top of described cylinder is connected with optical fiber, and cylinder body bottom sets
It is equipped with protective glass, in described cylinder, be disposed with beam expanding lens and focus lamp from top to bottom.
4. selective laser melting according to claim 1 shape molten bath real-time monitoring device it is characterised in that: described liter
The middle part of fall frame is provided with ring support, is rotatablely equipped with annular base, the bottom of described annular base in described ring support
It is provided with cannelure, top is provided with gear ring, described annular base passes through cannelure clamp on a toroidal support, described annular bottom
The both sides of seat are provided with and gear ring meshed gears, described gear are provided with the 3rd motor, described video camera is uniformly fixed on
The bottom of annular base, is additionally provided with an infrared temperature-test sensor, the two bottom sides of described ring support by each video camera
Be additionally provided with infrared distance sensor, described 3rd motor, infrared temperature-test sensor and infrared distance sensor all with master control system
System is connected.
5. selective laser melting according to claim 4 shape molten bath real-time monitoring device it is characterised in that: described take the photograph
High temperature resistant protective cover is provided with the camera lens of camera.
6. selective laser melting shape molten bath method of real-time it is characterised in that: follow the steps below operation,
A, start forming laser system so as to the forming laser that sends, formed powder is carried out according to model cross section profile size
Fusing shapes；
B, startup laser strobe system, make to send pulse laser using pulse laser, master control system adjusts the fortune of pulse laser
Row track is so as to running orbit follows the running orbit of forming laser closely, and this pulse laser covers the electric arc in forming process
And the intensity of molten bath radiant light；
C, the height of adjustment molten bath video camera, camera angle is it is ensured that optimal photographic effect, and molten bath picture is fed back to master
Control system, master control system is analyzed to bath temperature, shape and area, calculates forming laser real work power, and with
Setting value is contrasted；
D, molten bath infrared temperature-test sensor measure the temperature in molten bath from different perspectives, and this temperature information is transferred to master control system
System, the image information of bath temperature information and molten bath is contrasted by master control system, thus checking bath temperature, shape further
And area, and the actual power of forming laser；
E, master control system according to above- mentioned information, adjust the power of forming laser, realize the control to metal bath, thus realize right
Molded article precision and the control of mechanical property.
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| CN201610862914.8A CN106363171B (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2016-09-29 | Selective laser melting shapes molten bath real-time monitoring device and monitoring method |
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| CN201610862914.8A CN106363171B (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2016-09-29 | Selective laser melting shapes molten bath real-time monitoring device and monitoring method |
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