CN108599564B - Capacitor voltage discontinuous mode capacitor series connection type staggered parallel Bcuk PFC converter - Google Patents
Capacitor voltage discontinuous mode capacitor series connection type staggered parallel Bcuk PFC converter Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a capacitor voltage discontinuous mode capacitor series connection type staggered parallel Bcuk PFC converter and a control idea thereof. The method is mainly used for application occasions needing ultralow voltage output and high power factor correction, in particular to the field of LEDs. The intermediate energy storage capacitor of the converter works in a voltage discontinuous mode to realize the function of automatic power factor correction. And the peak voltage value of the intermediate energy storage capacitor of the converter is clamped to the input voltage. In addition, the energy transmitted to the load in a switching period is effectively controlled by effectively adjusting the charging and discharging time of the voltage of the intermediate energy storage capacitor, so that the ultrahigh voltage reduction ratio of the converter is realized, and the voltage reduction ratio is independent of the duty ratio. The control strategy of the converter adopts a frequency conversion staggered control idea, and when the load changes, the frequency of staggered pulses is automatically adjusted to maintain the stability of output voltage. The circuit provided by the invention has the characteristics of capacitance voltage clamping (low voltage stress), ultra-low voltage output, high power factor and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electronic circuits, and particularly relates to application of medium and small power requiring high power factor and ultra-low voltage output, in particular to the technical field of LED power supply.
Background
The LED lighting technology is a novel, clean and efficient modern lighting technology, and has the remarkable advantages of energy conservation, environmental protection, long service life and the like. In order to make the harmonic pollution of the LED drive circuit to the power grid reach the IEC61000-3-2C regulation standard, an active power factor correction technology is generally adopted. The single-stage active power factor correction converter has the advantages of simple control, low cost and the like, and is widely applied to medium and small power occasions. The topology thereof is generally divided into two types, isolated topology and non-isolated topology. The isolated topology usually adopts a critical conduction mode or discontinuous mode Flyback power factor correction converter with simple circuit structure and simple control strategy. However, the Flyback power factor correction converter has the problems of serious voltage spike caused by leakage inductance, larger input current peak value and square root value in an inductive current discontinuous mode, larger power frequency ripple doubled by output voltage and the like. On the other hand, the non-isolated topology generally adopts an inductive current discontinuous mode Boost power factor correction unit to cascade the DC/DC unit, but the intermediate bus voltage is higher, and the efficiency of the lower-level DC/DC voltage reduction unit is reduced. Therefore, researchers use Buck power factor correction units such as Buck and Buck-Boost to cascade the DC/DC converter, and the problem that the intermediate bus voltage is high due to the fact that the Boost power factor correction unit in the inductive current discontinuous mode is used is solved. However, the non-isolated single-stage active pfc converter makes the pfc unit operate in the input current discontinuous mode to obtain the function of automatic pfc. The discontinuous input current mode operation mode leads to the increase of current stress of the power device of the main circuit of the converter, and leads to the increase of conduction loss of the power device.
In order to solve the influence of the input current interruption mode on the converter, related researchers have proposed a dual operation mode capacitor voltage interruption mode of the input current interruption mode. Cuk and Buck converters work in a capacitor voltage discontinuous mode and can realize the function of automatic power factor correction. The capacitor voltage discontinuous mode converter overcomes the defects of large current stress and low efficiency of the input current discontinuous mode converter. However, converters operating in a capacitor voltage discontinuous mode,
fig. 1 and 2 show conventional capacitor voltage discontinuous mode Buck PFC and Cuk PFC converters, respectively, and fig. 3 and 4 show capacitor voltage waveforms of the conventional capacitor voltage discontinuous mode Buck PFC and Cuk PFC converters, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, the voltage peak value of the energy storage capacitor is determined by the turn-off time of the switching tube, the input current, and the energy storage capacitance, and the voltage peak value is greater than twice the input voltage, so that a power device with a high withstand voltage level must be selected, which increases the circuit cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The circuit topology and the working mode thereof provided by the invention overcome the two defects of large input current peak value of the existing input current discontinuous mode power factor correction converter and higher voltage of the middle energy storage capacitor of the capacitor voltage discontinuous mode power factor correction converter. In addition, the topology provided by the invention has the characteristics of ultra-high step-down ratio, namely ultra-low voltage output, and the step-down ratio is independent of the duty ratio.
The invention clamps the voltage peak value of the intermediate energy storage capacitor at the input voltage, and adjusts the charging and discharging time of the intermediate energy storage capacitor voltage effectively to oneThe energy transferred to the load in each switching period is effectively controlled, the ultrahigh voltage reduction ratio of the converter, namely ultralow voltage output is realized, and the voltage reduction ratio is independent of the duty ratio. Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a series capacitor voltage clamp type interleaved Buck PFC converter comprises: the input rectification circuit, the LC filter circuit, the main circuit and the control circuit; the main circuit comprises: a-phase switch tube SaA-phase diode, A-phase inductor and B-phase switch tube SbB-phase diode, B-phase inductor and energy storage capacitor CtAn output filter capacitor Co(ii) a Wherein, A phase switch tube SaThe drain electrode is connected with the output end of the LC filter circuit, and then the A-phase switch tube SaThe source electrodes are sequentially connected in series with an energy storage capacitor CtAn output end of the A-phase inductor is connected with an output filter capacitor CoThe positive electrode is used as the output of the main circuit and outputs a filter capacitor CoThe negative electrode is grounded, and the cathode of the A-phase diode is connected with an energy storage capacitor CtThe common junction point of the A-phase inductor and the A-phase diode is grounded; b-phase switch tube SbA B-phase switch tube S connected in series with the B-phase inductorbThe drain electrode of the switch is connected with an A-phase switch tube SaAnd an energy storage capacitor CtThe B-phase inductor is connected with the output end of the A-phase inductor, and the cathode of the B-phase diode is connected with the B-phase switching tube SbAnd the common joint of the B-phase inductor, and the anode of the B-phase diode is grounded.
Further, the input rectification circuit includes: the first rectifier diode is connected with the fourth rectifier diode in series, the second rectifier diode is connected with the third rectifier diode in series, the anodes of the fourth rectifier diode and the third rectifier diode are connected in common and then grounded, and the cathodes of the first rectifier diode and the second rectifier diode are connected in common and then used as the output of the input rectifier circuit; the common joint of the first rectifying diode and the fourth rectifying diode and the common joint of the second rectifying diode and the third rectifying diode are used as the input of the input rectifying circuit.
Further, the LC filter circuit includes: a filter inductor and a filter capacitor; the input end of the filter inductor is connected with the output end of the input rectifying circuit, and the output end of the filter inductor is connected with the input end of the main circuit; one end of the filter capacitor is connected with the output end of the filter inductor, and the other end of the filter capacitor is grounded.
Furthermore, the sampling circuit comprises an output filter capacitor and a load, the sampling capacitor is connected with the load in parallel, one end of the sampling capacitor is connected with the output end of the main circuit after the sampling capacitor is connected with the load in parallel, and the other end of the sampling capacitor is grounded.
The invention is used as an A-phase switch tube SaConducting, intermediate energy storage capacitor CtIs charged by a constant current, and an intermediate energy-storage capacitor CtWhen the voltage of the A phase continuous current diode rises to the input voltage, the voltage of the two ends of the A phase continuous current diode is zero, the continuous current is conducted, and the middle energy storage capacitor C is connectedtThe negative electrode is grounded, so that the intermediate energy storage capacitor CtIs clamped to the value of the input voltage. Switching tube S for the next working modea、SbAll are turned off and the middle energy storage capacitor CtThere is no discharge loop, so its voltage remains the same as the value of the input voltage. When B phase switch tube SbIs conducted, at the moment, the middle energy storage capacitor CtDischarging with A-phase diodes Da, C as discharging looptB phase switch tube SbB phase inductor LbAnd a load. When the intermediate energy storage capacitor CtIs reduced to zero, and B is a continuous flow diode DbAt the moment, because the A, B two-phase diodes are both conducted, the middle energy storage capacitor C is connectedtIs clamped at zero. In the next switching mode, the switching tube Sa、SbAll are turned off and the middle energy storage capacitor CtThere is no charging loop and therefore its voltage remains zero. Thus, an intermediate energy storage capacitor C is realizedtThe capacitor is operated in a capacitor voltage discontinuous mode and the voltage peak is clamped to the input voltage. In addition, the energy transmitted to the load in a switching period is effectively controlled by effectively adjusting the charging and discharging time of the voltage of the intermediate energy storage capacitor, so that the ultrahigh voltage reduction ratio of the converter, namely ultralow voltage output is realized, and the voltage reduction ratio is independent of the duty ratio. The controller adopts a variable frequency interleaving control technology with constant duty ratio, forms a closed loop by sampling the output voltage, correspondingly adjusts the switching frequency according to the change of the output voltage, outputs interleaving control pulses, and drives the electric motor to realize the control of the output voltageThe circuit controls the main circuit switch tube to maintain the output voltage stable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional inductance current discontinuous mode (DICM) PFC converter, the PFC converter has the advantages that input current is continuous, so that the peak value and the root-mean-square value of the input current are small, the conduction loss of a power device is small, and the converter has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and the like;
compared with the conventional capacitor voltage discontinuous mode (DCVM) PFC converter, the voltage peak value of the intermediate energy storage capacitor is clamped at the value of the input voltage, and the voltage stress of a main circuit power device is not increased, so that a power switch tube with a proper voltage withstanding grade can be selected, and the cost is reduced.
Compared with the existing low-voltage output buck converter, the buck converter has larger duty ratio and lower requirement on the switching speed of the power switching tube, so that the cost of the power switching tube and the cost of a controller can be saved.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of a conventional capacitor voltage discontinuous mode Buck PFC converter.
Fig. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram of a conventional capacitor voltage discontinuous mode Cuk PFC converter.
Fig. 3 is a voltage waveform diagram of an energy storage capacitor of a conventional capacitor voltage discontinuous mode Buck PFC converter.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the waveform of the energy storage capacitor voltage of a conventional capacitor voltage discontinuous mode Cuk PFC converter.
Fig. 5 is a circuit structure diagram of the series capacitor voltage clamping type interleaved parallel Buck PFC converter and the control method thereof according to the present invention.
Fig. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 are circuit diagrams of working modes in the intermittent mode of the intermediate energy storage capacitor voltage, which are connected in series by taking the two-phase Buck interleave as an example, and sequentially correspond to the working mode1, the working mode2, the working mode3, the working mode4, the working mode5, and the working mode6, respectively.
Fig. 12 and 13 are respectively a main time domain power frequency simulation waveform diagram and a plurality of switching period simulation waveform diagrams in the middle energy storage capacitor voltage interruption mode of the invention, taking two-phase Buck interleaving as an example (open loop).
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, the circuit has six modes in the intermediate storage capacitor voltage discontinuous mode.
Mode 1: the working mode1 corresponds to t in fig. 131A time period, at the beginning of which the switching tube S is switchedaOn, DaOff, input voltage ViAnd C provides energy to phase A, VCAnd (4) descending. CtIs charged uCtStarting from 0, it rises linearly. u. ofDaFrom ViA linear decrease is initiated. When u isCt＝ViTime, A continuous flow diode DaConduction, the mode ends.
Mode 2: the working mode2 corresponds to t in fig. 132A period of time, at the beginning of which A flows through the diode D successivelyaConducting the follow current. The stages C and CtIn parallel connection due to C1Far greater than CtSo that the flow through C can be ignoredtCurrent of (2), considered as IL1Only C is charged.
Mode 3: mode of operation 3 corresponds to t in fig. 133A time period, at the beginning of which the switching tube S is switchedaAnd (5) disconnecting. Due to the working mode2 flowing through the switch tube SaCurrent i ofSa0, so the switch tube SaZero current is turned off. In this phase AB, both phases are freewheeling by their respective freewheeling diodes. Due to Sa、SbAre all open, therefore CtAbsence of discharge circuit, uctRemains unchanged and has a value of Vi。
Mode 4: working mode4 corresponds to t in FIG. 134A time period, at the beginning of which the switching tube S is switchedbOn, DbAnd (6) turning off. CtDischarge provides energy to phase B, uCtLinearly decreases until uCtFalling to 0, freewheeling diode DbConduction, the mode ends.
Mode 5: the working mode5 corresponds to t in fig. 135A period of time at the beginning of which the freewheeling diode DbAnd conducting. The A, B phase flows current with two phases and no current flows through the switch tube Sb. The duration of this modality is the same as the duration of the working modality 1.
Mode 6: the working mode6 corresponds to t in fig. 136A time period, at the beginning of which the switching tube S is switchedbAnd (6) turning off. Due to the working mode5, the current flows through the switch tube SbCurrent i ofSb0, so the switch tube SbZero current is turned off. The switch tube S at this stagea、SbAll turn off, capacitance CtWithout charging-discharging circuit, its voltage uCtRemains at 0. t is t6Time, switch tube SaOn and the next switching cycle begins.
Simulation analysis results:
FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the present invention in which two Buck series capacitors are connected in parallel in an interleaved manner, and the energy storage capacitor connected in series in the middle is in a voltage discontinuous mode, and an interleaved open-loop control is adopted. Fig. 12 and 13 are respectively a power frequency period simulation waveform and a switching period simulation waveform of the embodiment in fig. 5, and simulation parameters thereof are as follows: input voltage Vin220Vac, load resistance RL1.67 omega, an intermediate storage capacitor Ct24.4nF, inductance La＝Lb226uH, 800uH for input filter inductance L, 220nF for input filter capacitance C, and C for output capacitance C o1 mF. As can be seen from fig. 12, the input current tracks the change of the input voltage, and the automatic power factor correction function in the input current continuous mode is realized. As can be seen from fig. 12 and 13, the intermediate energy storage capacitor operates in the discontinuous mode, and the voltage peak thereof is clamped to the input voltage VinWithout increasing the voltage stress of the power device.
In summary, the converter provided by the present invention can make the voltage of the intermediate energy storage capacitor discontinuous and clamp the voltage peak value at the value of the input voltage, and can solve the disadvantage of high voltage peak value of the intermediate energy storage capacitor of the conventional DCVM PFC without adding additional devices, i.e. without increasing the cost. And moreover, the function of automatic power factor correction is realized in the input current continuous mode, and compared with the traditional DICM PFC, the peak value and the root mean square value of the input current are reduced, so that the conduction loss of a power device is reduced, and the circuit efficiency is improved. In addition, compared with the traditional high buck converter, the circuit provided by the invention can select a larger duty ratio to realize an ultrahigh buck ratio, reduces the switching performance requirements on the power switching tube and the controller, and saves the circuit cost.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A capacitor voltage discontinuous mode capacitor series interleaved parallel Bcuk PFC converter is formed by sequentially connecting in series: the input rectification circuit, the LC filter circuit, the main circuit and the sampling circuit; the LC filter circuit includes: a filter inductor L and a filter capacitor C; the input end of the filter inductor L is connected with the output end of the input rectifying circuit, and the output end of the filter inductor L is connected with the input end of the main circuit; one end of the filter capacitor C is connected with the output end of the filter inductor L, and the other end of the filter capacitor C is grounded; the main circuit comprises: a-phase switch tube SaA-phase continuous current diode Da, A-phase inductor and B-phase switching tube SbB phase continuous flow diode DbPhase B inductor and energy storage capacitor CtAn output filter capacitor Co(ii) a Wherein, A phase switch tube SaThe drain electrode is connected with the output end of the LC filter circuit, and then the A-phase switch tube SaThe source electrodes are sequentially connected in series with an energy storage capacitor CtAn output end of the A-phase inductor is connected with an output filter capacitor CoThe positive electrode is used as the output of the main circuit and outputs a filter capacitor CoThe negative electrode is grounded, the negative electrode of the A phase continuous current diode Da is connected with the energy storage capacitor CtAnd the common junction of the A phase inductor, the anode of the A phase continuous current diode Da is grounded; b-phase switch tube SbA B-phase switch tube S connected in series with the B-phase inductorbThe drain electrode of the switch is connected with an A-phase switch tube SaAnd an energy storage capacitor CtThe B-phase inductor is connected with the output end of the A-phase inductor, and the B-phase inductorFreewheeling diode DbCathode is connected with a B-phase switch tube SbCommon junction of B-phase inductor and B-phase continuous current diode DbThe anode is grounded;
the 6 modes of operation of the Bcuk PFC converter are as follows:
mode 1: at the beginning of this period, the switching tube SaOn, A phase continuous current diode Da is turned off, input voltage ViAnd C provides energy to phase A, VCDescending; ctIs charged uCtStarts to rise linearly from 0; u. ofDaFrom ViBeginning a linear decrease; when u isCt＝ViWhen the current is in the mode, the A continuous current diode Da is conducted, and the mode is ended;
mode 2: at the beginning of the period, the A-phase continuous current diode Da conducts continuous current; the stages C and CtIn parallel, since C is much larger than CtSo that the flow through C can be ignoredtThe current through inductor L is considered to charge only C;
mode 3: at the beginning of this period, the switching tube SaDisconnecting; due to the working mode2 flowing through the switch tube SaCurrent i ofSa0, so the switch tube SaZero current is turned off; in the stage, two phases AB are both freewheeling by respective freewheeling diodes; due to Sa、SbAre all open, therefore CtAbsence of discharge circuit, uctRemains unchanged and has a value of Vi；
Mode 4: at the beginning of this period, the switching tube SbConducting, B-phase continuous flow diode DbTurning off; ctDischarge provides energy to phase B, uCtLinearly decreases until uCtDescending to 0, B continuous flow diode DbConducting, and ending the mode;
mode 5: at the beginning of this period, the B-phase continuous flow diode DbConducting; the A, B phase flows current with two phases and no current flows through the switch tube Sb(ii) a The duration of this mode is the same as the duration of operating mode 1;
mode 6: at the beginning of this period, the switching tube SbTurning off; due to the working mode5, the current flows through the switch tube SbCurrent i ofSb0, so the switch tube SbZero current is turned off; the switch tube S at this stagea、SbAll turn off, capacitance CtWithout charging-discharging circuit, its voltage uCtRemains at 0; at the end of this period, the switching tube switches the tube SaOn and the next switching cycle begins.
2. The series interleaved parallel Bcuk PFC converter with capacitor voltage discontinuous mode capacitors as claimed in claim 1 wherein said input rectification circuitry comprises: the first rectifier diode is connected with the fourth rectifier diode in series, the second rectifier diode is connected with the third rectifier diode in series, the anodes of the fourth rectifier diode and the third rectifier diode are connected in common and then grounded, and the cathodes of the first rectifier diode and the second rectifier diode are connected in common and then used as the output of the input rectifier circuit; the common joint of the first rectifying diode and the fourth rectifying diode and the common joint of the second rectifying diode and the third rectifying diode are used as the input of the input rectifying circuit.
3. The series-connection type interleaved parallel Buk PFC converter according to claim 1, wherein the sampling circuit comprises an output sampling capacitor and a load, the sampling capacitor is connected with the load in parallel, one end of the sampling capacitor is connected with the output end of the main circuit after the sampling capacitor is connected with the load in parallel, and the other end of the sampling capacitor is grounded.
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| CN112532051B (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2022-04-05 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | Power supply conversion system |
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| US9380655B2 (en) * | 2013-10-01 | 2016-06-28 | General Electric Company | Single-stage AC-DC power converter with flyback PFC and selectable dual output current |
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2018
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