CN1085937A - 润滑剂 - Google Patents
润滑剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1085937A CN1085937A CN93119185A CN93119185A CN1085937A CN 1085937 A CN1085937 A CN 1085937A CN 93119185 A CN93119185 A CN 93119185A CN 93119185 A CN93119185 A CN 93119185A CN 1085937 A CN1085937 A CN 1085937A
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- lubricating oil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
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- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/68—Esters
- C10M129/76—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/12—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
- C10M133/56—Amides; Imides
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- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
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- C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
- C10M143/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing butene
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- C10M159/04—Petroleum fractions, e.g. tars, solvents
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- C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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Abstract
本发明提供一种基于植物油而不是矿物油且其
中基本流体为棕榈油的两冲程发动机润滑油。
Description
本发明涉及润滑剂,具体涉及打算用于两冲程发动机、基于植物油的润滑剂。
汽车润滑油迄今为止大多数以矿物油为基础。尽管植物油的广泛可得性和使用这一类可更新与环境无害来源材料的表观吸引力,但植物油作为油滑剂基本流体的使用一直极为有限。它们尚未在高性能现代润滑剂方面找到广泛适用性。例如,菜子油(即油菜籽油)和蓖麻油一直用于且目前仍用于一些特殊用途的润滑剂。
两冲程发动机多年来取得了相当大成功,例如,用作摩托车发动机、外装马达和链锯发动机。这在不小的程度上是由于它们的单位重量出力高以及它们的相对简单性和多用性,例如,它们没有润滑油槽。
然而,两冲程发动机的高速度连同它们的润滑剂与燃料一起燃烧即全损失系统这一特征,使得对润滑剂的需求量高。它必须有高负荷能力兼备良好洁净性能,并能避免活塞磨损、火花塞结垢和发动机总体上的过度损坏。
本发明提供一种以棕榈油为基础、两冲程发动机用的、令人满意的高性能润滑剂。
一方面,本发明提供一种两冲程发动机用润滑油,其中包括棕榈油精作为基本流体和数量为1~10%(重量)的一种或多种分散剂。较好的是,该润滑油包含下列成分(重量):
基本流体-棕榈油精 30~99%
抗氧剂 0~2%
防烟剂 0~30%
分散剂 1~10%
洗涤剂 0~4%
腐蚀抑制剂 0~2%
稀释剂 0~25%
其它基本流体 0~30%
另一方面,本发明提供就在上一段中详细说明的棕榈油精基配方作为一种两冲程发动机润滑油的使用。
较好的是,棕榈油精的存在量为40~90%(重量)。
如以上所指出的,除了配方中的棕榈油精基本流体外,该配方的任何余额均可用其它基本流体、较好是合成油或矿物油即精制的石油馏分来补齐。适用的合成基本流体包括诸如聚α-链烯烃和合成酯类,如多羟基化合物或二元酸酯。从植物油来源衍生的其它基本流体也可以掺入该配方。
可以包括任何其它所希望的添加剂,如金属钝化剂,以降低金属催化该种油氧化的势头,其用量可多达0.5%(重量)。适用的钝化剂在润滑领域也是众所周知的。因预期用途和使用环境而异,可以掺入的其它添加剂包括增稠剂和倾点下降剂。
较好包括一种能防止棕榈油精结晶的酯添加剂,其用量可多达约0.24%(重量),较好为0.04~0.18%。
较好的是,这种酯添加剂是脱水山梨糖醇和硬脂酸的一种酯。例如,它可以是一硬脂酸脱水山梨糖醇酯,三硬脂酸脱水山梨糖醇酯或三硬脂酸聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇酯,特别好的是三硬脂酸脱水山梨糖醇酯。此外,它也可以是诸如一种聚甘油酯。
棕榈油精是当棕榈油分馏成固体和液体馏分时得到的一种液体馏分衍生物。其碘值(Ⅳ)的典型范围为约55~67。碘值是该种油不饱和度的一种指示,碘值越高,不饱和度越大。关于其测定的详细说明,请参阅Institute of Petroleum Method IP84。棕榈油精,尤其在远东和南美,一直广泛用作一种食物/食用油,尤其用于煎炸。
众所周知,碘值(Ⅳ)55左右的透明棕榈油精当其温度下降到约20℃以下时变混浊。这被认为是由于棕榈油精内部有一些分子,主要是甘油三酯,结晶的缘故。也已知的是,适当的添加剂,例如,除其它外,如上所述的脱水山梨糖醇酯,可以阻止这样的结晶。
结晶的实际温度和形式取决于许多因素,包括所用油精的碘值(Ⅳ),冷却速度及试验方法是等温的还是程序升温的。例如,如果试验方法相同,一种相对高碘值(Ⅳ)的特定棕榈油精则可能由于结晶而在比方15℃开始变混浊,而碘值(Ⅳ)较低如55的棕榈油精则可能在20℃开始变混浊。类似地,两种相同的油精如果采用不同的温度体系则可能在不同的温度结晶。
较好的是,为了用于两冲程发动机润滑油,经稳定处理的棕榈油精的碘值(Ⅳ)应为至少60,较好是62~67。碘值(Ⅳ)较低的棕榈油精已被发现不太可取,虽然依旧可用,这是由于即使当进行了稳定处理时它们也可能在热带气候的正常温度变化期间发生结晶而引起混浊。因此,本发明的两冲程润滑油可以配制得在最低温度通常不可能下降到约12℃以下的相对热的气候下具有特别有用的用途。因此,例如,它们在巴西、马来西亚、新加坡、印度尼西亚和泰国等国家的热带地区具有特殊价值。
抗氧剂可以是本身在润滑剂技术上众所周知的(例如)胺、苯酚或亚磷酸酯基添加剂,其存在量较好是0.5~1.5%(重量)。
防烟剂可以是诸如聚异丁烯,而且其用量可以大得足以也被认为是一种附加的合成基本流体。
分散剂、洗涤剂和腐蚀抑制剂可以是润滑剂技术上常用的任何一种,其存在量较好分别为4~9%,1~3%和0.5~1.5%(重量)。
适用分散剂的实例是具有一分子量范围的(一和二)烷基琥珀酰亚胺,或一种曼尼期型碱。
适用洗涤剂的实例是中性和/或高碱性的磺酸或苯酚钙盐、镁盐、钠盐或钡盐。
适用腐蚀抑制剂的实例是苯酚的金属盐、磺酸碱金属盐、脂肪酸和胺。
稀释剂可以是诸如有助于该种油在发动机中点火之前令人满意地与燃料混合、闪点在60℃以上的石油馏出物。
基于棕榈油精并含有以上所讨论的分散剂和进一步的添加剂、稀释剂和/或防烟剂的两冲程发动机配方,已用下列目前可用的试验进行测试,并表明其结果可以接受:
-Yamaha RD 350B,API TC Sequence I步骤(评估沉积控制和活塞环粘着)。
-Yamaha CE 50S,API TC Sequence Ⅱ步骤(评估润滑性)。
-Yamaha CE 50S,API TC Sequence Ⅲ步骤(评估预点火和火花塞结垢)。
-Yamaha CE 50S CEC TA步骤(评估活塞紧密状况)。
-Yamaha CE 50S CEC TA 步骤(评估排气阻塞状况)。
此外,按照本发明的配方也已经进行令人满意的试验,以评估在链锯发动机中的具体性能,和评估排气所产生的能见烟气水平。实测结果表明,这些配方可归入“减烟”类。
Claims (18)
1、一种两冲程发动机用润滑油,其组合物包含作为基本流体的棕榈油精和用量为1~10%(重量)的一种或多种分散剂。
2、按照权利要求1的润滑油,其中包含用量为30~99%(重量)作为基本流体的棕榈油精和用量为1~10%(重量)的一种或多种分散剂。
3、按照权利要求2的润滑油,其中棕榈油精的存在量为40~90%(重量)。
4、按照权利要求1、2或3的润滑油,其中还含有可多达2%(重量)的抗氧剂。
5、按照权利要求4的润滑油,其中抗氧剂选自胺、苯酚和亚磷酸酯基添加剂。
6、按照前述权利要求中任何一项的润滑油,其中还含有可多达30%(重量)的防烟剂。
7、按照权利要求6的润滑油,其中防烟剂是聚异丁烯。
8、按照前述权利要求中任何一项的润滑油,其中还含有可多达4%、较好1~3%(重量)的洗涤剂。
9、按照前述权利要求中任何一项的润滑油,其中还含有可多达2%、较好0.5~1.5%(重量)的腐蚀抑制剂。
10、按照前述权利要求中任何一项的润滑油,其中还含有可多达25%(重量)的一种稀释剂。
11、按照权利要求10的润滑油,其中稀释剂是一种闪点在60℃以上的石油馏出物。
12、按照前述权利要求中任何一项的润滑油,其中还含有可多达30%(重量)的其它基本流体。
13、按照前述权利要求中任何一项的润滑油,其中包括一种能防止棕榈油精结晶的酯添加剂,其用量可多达约0.24%、较好0.04~0.18%(重量)。
14、按照权利要求13的润滑油,其中酯添加剂是脱水山梨糖醇和硬脂酸的一种酯,较好选自一硬脂酸脱水山梨糖醇酯、三硬脂酸脱水山梨糖醇酯或三硬脂酸聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇酯。
15、按照前述权利要求中任何一项的润滑油,其中分散剂的存在量为4~9%。
16、按照前述权利要求中任何一项的润滑油,其中分散剂选自(一和二)烷基琥珀酰亚胺和曼尼期型碱。
17、按照前述权利要求中任何一项的润滑油,其中棕榈油精的碘值为至少60,较好为62~67。
18、按照前述权利要求中任何一项的组合物作为两冲程发动机润滑油的用途。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9221846.0 | 1992-10-17 | ||
GB929221846A GB9221846D0 (en) | 1992-10-17 | 1992-10-17 | Lubricants |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1085937A true CN1085937A (zh) | 1994-04-27 |
CN1034954C CN1034954C (zh) | 1997-05-21 |
Family
ID=10723621
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN93119185A Expired - Fee Related CN1034954C (zh) | 1992-10-17 | 1993-10-16 | 润滑油及其用途 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0594319A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1034954C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU662660B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9304246A (zh) |
GB (1) | GB9221846D0 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG47530A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1321171C (zh) * | 2005-07-07 | 2007-06-13 | 浙江大学 | 一种含胆甾醇润滑油的制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9317323D0 (en) * | 1993-08-20 | 1993-10-06 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Two-stroke engine oils |
US5658864A (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1997-08-19 | Ethyl Corporation | Biodegradable pour point depressants for industrial fluids derived from biodegradable base oils |
BR112015022231B1 (pt) | 2013-03-14 | 2020-11-24 | Griffith Laboratories International, Inc. | Metodo para tratamento de fungos que causam sigatoka negra em plantaqoes da familia musaceae |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1354749A (en) * | 1971-07-14 | 1974-06-05 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Palm oil compositions |
BE781636A (fr) * | 1972-04-04 | 1972-07-31 | Labofina Sa | Compositions lubrifiantes pour moteurs deux-temps. |
IN145085B (zh) * | 1976-01-28 | 1978-08-19 | Lubrizol Corp | |
FI66899C (fi) * | 1983-02-11 | 1984-12-10 | Kasvisoeljy Vaextolje Ab Oy | Smoerjmedel med triglycerider som huvudkomponent |
US4601857A (en) * | 1983-07-26 | 1986-07-22 | Nestec S. A. | Process for fat fractionation with azeotropic solvents |
DE3876432T2 (de) * | 1987-01-28 | 1993-04-08 | Raision Tehtaat Oy Ab | Hydraulische fluessigkeiten. |
GB2264305B (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1995-08-09 | Castrol Ltd | Lubricants |
-
1992
- 1992-10-17 GB GB929221846A patent/GB9221846D0/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-10-01 EP EP93307853A patent/EP0594319A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-10-01 SG SG1996002660A patent/SG47530A1/en unknown
- 1993-10-12 AU AU48979/93A patent/AU662660B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-10-15 BR BR9304246A patent/BR9304246A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-10-16 CN CN93119185A patent/CN1034954C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1321171C (zh) * | 2005-07-07 | 2007-06-13 | 浙江大学 | 一种含胆甾醇润滑油的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9221846D0 (en) | 1992-12-02 |
AU662660B2 (en) | 1995-09-07 |
CN1034954C (zh) | 1997-05-21 |
EP0594319A1 (en) | 1994-04-27 |
SG47530A1 (en) | 1998-04-17 |
AU4897993A (en) | 1994-04-28 |
BR9304246A (pt) | 1994-05-03 |
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