CN108593266B - A kind of method of quick obtaining fiber bragg grating central wavelength - Google Patents
A kind of method of quick obtaining fiber bragg grating central wavelength Download PDFInfo
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
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- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/268—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using optical fibres
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- G01D5/28—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with deflection of beams of light, e.g. for direct optical indication
- G01D5/30—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with deflection of beams of light, e.g. for direct optical indication the beams of light being detected by photocells
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of quick obtaining fiber bragg grating central wavelength.Fiber bragg grating occupies consequence in sensory field by the characteristic of all -fiber production and wavelength modulation.Since fiber bragg grating has the build-in attribute of wavelength modulation, so that demodulation wavelength becomes the key in fiber Bragg grating sensor.Wavelength is demodulated based on tunable optical fiber FP filter, is most mature mode at present, but for noise, and the fiber bragg grating photosignal that data volume is big, the treatment process of the prior art there are resource overheads big, low efficiency, the deficiency of effective difference.In view of the above deficiencies, a kind of method that the present invention proposes quick obtaining fiber bragg grating central wavelength.This method requirement, fiber bragg grating array photoelectric signal is quickly and efficiently handled within hardware, again by matched host computer according to the processing result of two reference optical fiber Bragg gratings, the transmission characteristic of real time calibration tunable optical fiber FP filter, and then obtain the central wavelength of sensor fibre Bragg grating.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to cardiac wave in a kind of quick obtaining fiber bragg grating
Long method.
Background technique
Fiber bragg grating (FBG) occupies weight in sensory field by the characteristic of all -fiber production and wavelength modulation
The status wanted.Especially in the fields such as national defence section work, electric system, the health monitoring of civil engineering projects, fiber bragg grating
It (FBG) is even more indispensable a part.Sensing parameter has uniquely the central wavelength modulation of fiber bragg grating (FBG)
Characteristic, so that the method for demodulation sensor fibre Bragg grating (FBG) has versatility.This versatility is embodied in, any right
The processing of fiber bragg grating (FBG) array signal, is provided to more accurately demodulate fiber bragg grating in array
(FBG) central wavelength value.The present invention selects tunable optical fiber FP filter (FFP-TF) as Wavelength demodulation device, and combines
The transmission characteristic of two reference optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) dynamic calibration tunable optical fiber FP filters (FFP-TF), in turn
Quick obtaining fiber bragg grating central wavelength.
Due to there is all kinds of devices in many reflections and circuit that can all introduce noise in optical path, to influence to seek sampled signal
The precision at peak.Have theoretical studies have shown that these noises meet white Gaussian noise characteristic, thus to sampled signal carry out peak-seeking it
Before, it is necessary to it is denoised by digital Gaussian filter, to improve the accuracy of peak-seeking.Number is handled by traditional CPU
The parallel iteration computational efficiency of Gaussian filter is not high, and programmable gate array (FPGA) is parallel processing device, to realization number
This kind of parallel algorithm of word Gaussian filter has acceleration.
According to the theory analysis of tunable optical fiber FP filter (FFP-TF) it is found that accurately finding the peak of optical grating reflection signal
Value position is the key that demodulation central wavelength.In document, relatively common peak-seeking algorithm has: centroid method, Gauss polynomial fitting
Algorithm, LM algorithm etc..These algorithms rely primarily on software realization.However, by software realization peak-seeking algorithm, generally require to open up compared with
Big spatial cache.Assuming that the high-speed ADC of 8 parallel-by-bits is the optical fiber cloth of 10us to a halfwidth with the conversion rate of 25MSPS
Glug grating (FBG) reflection signal is sampled, and data volume is up to 1.95Kbit, for processor limited for resource,
This is a very big resource overhead, and any resource overhead can all influence the working efficiency of processor.
Summary of the invention
The present invention obtains the deficiencies such as fiber bragg grating (FBG) wavelength efficiency is low for conventional method, proposes one kind
Rapidly and efficiently processing method, while the flow chart of quick peak-seeking algorithm is provided, and point out to realize the hardware and software device of this method.
Technical scheme is as follows: a kind of method of quick obtaining fiber bragg grating central wavelength, feature
It is that method and step is as follows:
(1) using periodic triangular signal driving tunable optical fiber FP filter (FFP-TF), in programmable gate array
When arranging the output of (FPGA) each starting triangular signal, synchronous high-speed parallel analog/digital conversion (ADC) chip of opening is to optical fiber cloth
The sampling of glug grating (FBG) array photoelectric signal；
(2) suitable tap coefficient is chosen, and quantifies integer, to optical fiber Bragg light in programmable gate array (FPGA)
The photosignal of grid (FBG) array carries out digital Gaussian filtering, and then the optical telecommunications of smooth fiber bragg grating (FBG) array
Number；
(3) to the photosignal of fiber bragg grating (FBG) array Jing Guo smoothing processing, peak-seeking operation is carried out,
Every time during driving tunable optical fiber FP filter (FFP-TF), to export the initial time of triangular signal as referring to
Point marks in the drive cycle, in fiber bragg grating (FBG) array photoelectric signal, when the corresponding position of each peak value
It carves；
(4) on the basis of the above, to N number of peak value in fiber bragg grating (FBG) array photoelectric signal, made a reservation for
Bit manipulation, and respectively using this N number of scheduled position as midpoint, it is the formal peak-seeking operation in next drive cycle, opens up N number of
Length regular time window；
(5) data in N number of peak location data and this N number of time window obtained formal peak-seeking, according to making by oneself
Yi Baowen format is packaged, and is then transmitted to upper computer end by communication interface；
(6) processing result of the host computer according to two reference optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBG), real time calibration tunable fiber
The transmission characteristic of FP filter (FFP-TF), and then obtain the central wavelength of sensor fibre Bragg grating (FBG).
The present invention have many advantages, such as high resolution, rapidly and efficiently, treatment process takes up less resources.The present invention is to pass through broadband
The devices such as light source (ASE-C), tunable optical fiber FP filter (FFP-TF), programmable gate array (FPGA), constitute an optical fiber
What Bragg grating (FBG) demodulating system was realized.The wavelength solution of the achievable distribution type fiber-optic Bragg grating (FBG) of the system
It adjusts, and provides wavelength data for the demodulation of the sensing parameter of fiber bragg grating (FBG).
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is overall structure diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is FPGA internal module partition structure figure；
Fig. 3 is that digital Gaussian filter realizes structure chart；
Fig. 4 is the quick peak-seeking flow chart based on FPGA；
Fig. 5 is pre- peak-seeking contraction principle schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is data packet text transformat.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is real with two reference optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) based on tunable optical fiber FP filter (FFP-TF)
Existing, overall structure is shown refering to fig. 1.Its hardware includes optical path and circuit two parts.Light path part is by ASE wideband light source
(C-band), optical fiber circulator, two reference optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG), n sensor fibre Bragg gratings without temperature drift
(FBG) it is formed with tunable optical fiber FP filter (FFP-TF).Circuit part is then by photodetector (PD), programmable gate array
(FPGA) development platform, high-speed ADC/DAC module, driving signal amplifying circuit composition.In grating array, two reference optical fiber cloth
Glug grating (FBG) and n sensor fibre Bragg grating (FBG) namely are used using wavelength as their unique identification
Be wave division multiplex mode.
Working principle of the present invention is as follows:
Light source ASE-C exports continuous spectrum, squeezes into fiber bragg grating (FBG) battle array by the port optical fiber circulator 1-2
In column, different fiber bragg gratings (FBG) selectively reflect the wavelength for meeting its Bragg condition, and reflectance spectrum is again
Demodulation is received by optical fiber circulator 2-3 port transmission to tunable optical fiber FP filter (FFP-TF).Tunable fiber FP filtering
The demodulation wavelength of device (FFP-TF), the periodic triangular wave signal for needing to load signal generator generation assist to complete.Adjust letter
The frequency and amplitude of number generator drive it to optical fiber cloth on signal loading to tunable optical fiber FP filter (FFP-TF)
The reflectance spectrum of glug grating (FBG) array periodic scan incessantly, to obtain fiber bragg grating (FBG) array
The time domain of reflectance spectrum is distributed.The output of tunable optical fiber FP filter (FFP-TF) is linked into photodetector (PD), will
Optical power equal proportion is converted to voltage magnitude, therefore according to the characteristic relation of tunable optical fiber FP filter (FFP-TF), investigates
Peak position can solve corresponding wavelength value in monocycle.Sampling and processing for photosignal are combined by FPGA
What high-speed ADC module was completed.There is two o'clock it is to be appreciated that first is that driving and ADC to tunable optical fiber FP filter (FFP-TF)
Sampling action need to make synchronization process, guarantee the accuracy of wavelength calculating with this；Second is that can be used logical to realize human-computer interaction
Communication interface is communicated with host computer, and host computer, to the processing result of grating signal, realizes Wavelength demodulation according to slave computer.The present invention adopts
It is serial communication, and develops corresponding host computer.
Based on the above principles, the inner function module of master control programmable gate array (FPGA) is divided, refering to figure
2.UART_RX and UART_TX module realizes the function that sends and receivees of serial ports, the data exchange of cooperation and host computer, CMD respectively
Module is then to identify to the instruction of receiving module, and downstream module is notified to make corresponding movement；DDS_STW module is pair
The realization of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers (DDS), in conjunction with the excitation module DAC_Driv of high speed D/A switch chip AD_9708
Constitute the triangular signal generator of driving tunable optical fiber FP filter (FFP-TF)；ADC_Driv is high speed A/D conversion
The excitation module of chip AD_9280 is completed to come to fiber bragg grating (FBG) Array transfer together with AD_CAP module
Photosignal is sampled；It is synchronous to open AD_CAP mould when starting drives tunable optical fiber FP filter (FFP-TF) every time
The data of block are transmitted, and sampled data is transmitted to Gaussian filter GS_Filter module and is smoothed to digital signal, from
And improve the precision of peak searching module Peak_Seek；Packet module realizes the packing encapsulation function to data such as waveform and peak values,
To meet the needs of host computer is to Wavelength demodulation and rebuilding spectrum.
In view of traditional CPU realizes that the limitation of digital Gaussian filter, the present invention use programmable gate array (FPGA)
Realize digital Gaussian filter.The filter has selected the convolution kernel (1,2,1) of 1*3, and framework is refering to Fig. 3.
In addition, the invention proposes be based on programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware in order to overcome the shortcomings of peak-seeking on software
The quick peak-seeking algorithm of platform.The algorithm realizes that process only needs a 8bit peak value register, and a 8bit peak position is posted
The peak value number register of storage and a 4bit, that is to say, that only need 20bit spatial cache that can realize grating battle array in total
The peak-seeking operation of all grating signals in column.
Test experiments discovery, is 500Hz with frequency, and the triangular signal that peak-to-peak value is 11.5V drives tunable fiber FP
Filter (FFP-TF) scans the grating that 3dB wavelength bandwidth is 0.25nm, and conversion to three dB bandwidth under time domain is about 10us.Time domain
Under three dB bandwidth change with the drive signal change of tunable optical fiber FP filter (FFP-TF).Based on above-mentioned condition, if
The peak-seeking algorithm for fiber bragg grating (FBG) array is counted, refering to Fig. 4.
Its step-by-step procedures is as follows:
(1) when detecting the driving signal sop for opening tunable optical fiber FP filter (FFP-TF) every time, grating signal is adopted
Collection modules A D_CAP starts toward downstream module transfer data；
(2) when gs_filter module receives the valid data of up-stream module, open filter patterns to sampled signal into
Row gaussian filtering；
(3) when Peak_seek module receives up-stream module valid data, peak value number mark is initializedj, grating letter
Number three dB bandwidth timing markersiAnd peak value peak；
(4) Peak_seek module will each effective datax(i) with peak value peak make it is primary compared with, simultaneouslyiValue is cumulative
1, if peak≤x(i), then peak holding is constant, otherwise updates peak value and isx(i), while depositing the position peakti=i；
(5) ifi-ti≤ 10us when that is, peak value has 10us not update, is then markedtiMoment is the peak value of a certain grating signal
PositionTj=ti, initialize simultaneouslyiIt is used with peak for peak-seeking next time, andjOtherwise value cumulative 1 repeats step (4)；
(6) when detecting upper cyclic process end mark eop, if peak value numberjWith the quantity in array gratingMOne
It causes, then peak-seeking process finishes, and initializes simultaneouslyj, otherwise jump to step (3) untilj=M。
In order to more intuitively check distributed wave, and the central wavelength of grating is demodulated according to peak-location information, needed
The key messages such as the Wave data handled by programmable gate array (FPGA) and peak position are uploaded to the end PC.Above
Through mentioning, in contrast Wave data amount is huge.Therefore, the invention proposes the positioning of pre- peak-seeking, intercept significant wave figurate number
According to the mode transmitted, hash is abandoned, thus achieve the purpose that amount of compressed data, the realization principle of pre-determined bit, refering to
Fig. 5.
The substantially process that principle is realized is as follows:
In predetermined bit period, referring to peak-seeking step proposed above, the peak position in grating array is carried out primary
Pre-estimation marks W centered on estimating position if peak value number and grating quantity (being set as W) are unanimously in the period
Otherwise pre- peak-seeking operation is continued in next period as the peak-seeking in next period and the time window of compression processing in the region 20us,
Until peak value number is consistent with grating quantity.
Upper computer and lower computer is the environment of two asynchronous workings, and communication needs to follow the agreement mutually approved between them
Format, in order to identify the meaning of passed data.In communication protocol, most basic processing unit is data packet text.For this purpose, this hair
It is bright to be directed to demand of the host computer to peak location data and Wave data, the packet text format of data transmission is defined, refering to Fig. 6.
Wherein:
Wrap literary head point: 2Byte lead code (FAFB), 1Byte peak value number, N number of peak location data (each peak value
2Byte), 2Byte Wave data length；
Data portion: Wave data；
Wrap literary portion: 2Byte tail tag (FCFD).
It is sent referring to data packet text format sequential, that is, can guarantee upper computer and lower computer normal communication.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method of quick obtaining fiber bragg grating central wavelength, it is characterised in that method and step is as follows:
(1) tunable optical fiber FP filter is driven using periodic triangular signal, starts three every time in programmable gate array
When the output of angle wave signal, synchronous high-speed parallel analog/digital conversion chip of opening is to fiber bragg grating array photoelectric signal
Sampling；
(2) suitable tap coefficient is chosen, and quantifies integer, to the light of fiber bragg grating array in programmable gate array
Electric signal carries out digital Gaussian filtering, and then the photosignal of smooth fiber bragg grating array；
(3) to the photosignal of the fiber bragg grating array Jing Guo smoothing processing, peak-seeking operation is carried out, it can driving every time
It is as a reference point with the initial time for exporting triangular signal during tunable fiber FP filter, mark driving week
In phase, in fiber bragg grating array photoelectric signal, each peak value corresponding position moment；
(4) based on the N number of peak value corresponding position moment obtained in step (3), to fiber bragg grating array photoelectric signal
In N number of peak value carry out predetermined bit manipulation, be in next drive cycle and respectively using this N number of scheduled position as midpoint
Formal peak-seeking operation, opens up N number of length regular time window；
(5) data in N number of peak location data and this N number of time window obtained formal peak-seeking, according to customized packet
Literary format is packaged, and is then transmitted to upper computer end by communication interface；
(6) processing result of the host computer according to two reference optical fiber Bragg gratings, real time calibration tunable optical fiber FP filter
Transmission characteristic, and then obtain sensor fibre Bragg grating central wavelength.
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