CN103604446B - A kind of demodulation method of the multi-channel fiber Bragg grating absolute wavelength demodulating system based on simple detector - Google Patents
A kind of demodulation method of the multi-channel fiber Bragg grating absolute wavelength demodulating system based on simple detector Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Based on a multi-channel fiber Bragg grating absolute wavelength demodulating system for simple detector, comprise wideband light source, circulator, reference optical fiber grating, 1 × N photoswitch, N road sensor fibre grating array, tunable optic filter, photodetector and data collecting card, invention also provides the demodulation method based on this system, wideband light source produces light, transmitted light and reflected light two parts are divided into through two reference optical fiber gratings again after circulator, wherein transmitted light enters 1 × N photoswitch, the gating signal produced by data collecting card controls light and enters corresponding sensor fibre grating passage, reflected light returns and enters tunable optic filter through circulator, the reflected light of sensor fibre grating returns and also enters tunable optic filter through circulator, frequency sweep light is by photoelectric detector, convert spectral signal to time-domain signal, then demodulation is carried out, obtain the relative position of reference optical fiber grating and sensor fibre grating, the present invention can also eliminate the wavelength measurement error introduced because of Optical Fiber Transmission by simplied system structure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of optical fiber sensing, particularly a kind of demodulation method of the multi-channel fiber Bragg grating absolute wavelength demodulating system based on simple detector.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of Fibre Optical Communication Technology, fiber Bragg grating sensor is more and more paid close attention to as the senser element of a kind of novel realization strain and temperature sensing.Compared to traditional electricity, optical strain sensor, fiber grating has particular advantages, as highly sensitive, because of transducing signal be Wavelength-encoding and by electromagnetic interference (EMI), be easy to multiplexing and quasi-distributed sensing can be realized, be widely used in fields such as civil structural, Aero-Space, boats and ships shipping, petrochemical complex and medical science at present.In order to the wavelength variations of demodulating fiber bragg grating, there has been proposed a lot of demodulation scheme, such as: matched FBG filter method, CCD demodulation method and Fabry Perot demodulation scheme etc., recent frequency swept laser is also applied in fiber grating demodulation, by the change transitions of the centre wavelength by fiber grating be time domain change, can fast demodulation be realized and meet the multiplexing requirement of many fiber optics.
In traditional frequency sweep demodulation method, frequency sweep light has all been divided into reference path and sensing light path, in reference path, placed the spectrum positioning devices such as fiber grating, FP chamber etalon, acetylene absorption spectral line be used for calibrating the wavelength dither of swept light source, reference signal is converted to electric signal by photodetector and enters demodulation module and transducing signal is compared.Sensing light path can be made up of multi-channel parallel, has connected multiple fiber grating in every road.The complexity being provided separately the system of adding of reference path and sensing light path, and each passage sensing light path all needs configuration detector, and detector quantity is too much.In addition in for remote recording sensor fibre grating often distance swept light source is comparatively far away, therefore Transmission Fibers is longer, and the transmission time long like this can be added in last demodulation result, causes the measuring error of wavelength.Non-linear and dispersion can be introduced when frequency sweep light transmits in long-distance optical fiber simultaneously, reduce demodulation accuracy.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of demodulation method of the multi-channel fiber Bragg grating absolute wavelength demodulating system based on simple detector, can also eliminate the wavelength measurement error introduced because of Optical Fiber Transmission by simplied system structure.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Based on the demodulation method of the multi-channel fiber Bragg grating absolute wavelength demodulating system of simple detector, described demodulating system comprises:
Wideband light source 1;
Circulator 2, its first port connects wideband light source 1;
Reference optical fiber grating 3, connects circulator 2 second port;
1 × N photoswitch 4, its input termination reference optical fiber grating 3;
N number of sensor fibre grating 5, connects the N road output terminal of 1 × N photoswitch 4 respectively;
Tunable optic filter 6, its input end connects circulator 2 the 3rd port;
Photodetector 7, its input termination tunable optic filter 6 output terminal;
Data collecting card 8, its input termination photodetector 7 output terminal, produces the gating signal being used for gating 1 × N photoswitch 4 simultaneously and drives the scanning voltage signal of tunable optic filter 6;
It is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Wideband light source 1 produces light, transmitted light and reflected light two parts are divided into through two reference optical fiber gratings 3 again after circulator 2, wherein transmitted light enters 1 × N photoswitch 4, the gating signal produced by data collecting card 8 controls light and enters corresponding sensor fibre grating 5, reflected light returns and enters tunable optic filter 6 through circulator 2, the reflected light of sensor fibre grating 5 returns and also enters tunable optic filter 6 through circulator 2, frequency sweep light is received by photodetector 7, convert spectral signal to time-domain signal, then demodulation is carried out, obtain the relative position of reference optical fiber grating 3 and sensor fibre grating 5.
The scanning voltage of described tunable optic filter 6 is triangular wave or sawtooth wave.
By the method that time-domain signal carries out demodulation be: first according to the reflection peak time-domain position of scanning electric signal determination reference optical fiber grating 3, then the reflection peak time-domain position of sensor fibre grating 5 is determined, gone out the relative change of the time-domain position of sensor fibre grating 5 by interpolation calculation, realize fiber grating demodulation.
The demodulation while of in order to realize the sensor fibre grating 5 of N number of passage continuous, produced the gating signal of circulation by data collecting card, this cycle period is synchronous with scanning voltage, namely makes a-road-through road gating in each scan period, circulates successively.
Use described reference optical fiber grating 3 as wavelength reference, and the centre wavelength of reference optical fiber grating 3 is positioned at the two ends of scanning optical spectrum.
Described reference optical fiber grating 3 is two, is arranged in series on light source route.
The centre wavelength of described sensor fibre grating 5 is between the centre wavelength of two reference optical fiber gratings 3.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. by adopting fiber grating as with reference to standard of wavelength, the series connection of reference path and sensing light path can be realized, a detector can be shared, simplify light channel structure and circuit structure, improve collection and demodulation speed.
2. by adopting photoswitch light splitting scheme to substitute traditional coupling mechanism light splitting scheme, improve the reflective light intensity of each sensing passage, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of restituted signal, and decrease detector array, use a detector just detectable N road sensor array, simplify light channel structure and circuit structure.
3. adopt wideband light source first after sensing grating through the scheme of tunable optic filter, can eliminate because of when transducing signal transmits in a fiber produce transmission time superpose cause transducing signal absolute wavelength measurement measuring error, absolute wavelength can be realized measure, improve demodulation accuracy.
4. by tunable optic filter as after fiber grating, shorten the light path of swept filter and detector, the dispersion that frequency sweep light can be avoided to introduce because of long optical fibers and non-linear caused time demodulation error, improve the precision of demodulation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this demodulation method.
Fig. 2 is this demodulation method schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the signal schematic representation of this demodulation method, wherein Fig. 3 (a) is sense reference reflectance spectrum signal graph (the c port outgoing spectrum of circulator), and Fig. 3 (b) is transducing signal and the time-domain signal figure of reference signal after wave filter.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Figure 1, wideband light source 1 is a light source with output tail optical fiber, it exports light through circulator 2 by the reference optical fiber grating 3 antireflection part light of two series connection, and reflected light is made up of two narrow band light, and the centre wavelength of narrow band light corresponds respectively to the centre wavelength l of two reference optical fiber gratings 3
ref1and l
ref2, reflected light incides tunable optic filter 6 through the b port of circulator 2, c port successively.Wideband light source 1 arrives corresponding sensor fibre grating 5 place passage through the transmitted light of reference optical fiber grating 3 through 1 × N photoswitch 4 (N=4), wherein data collecting card 8 produces the corresponding passage of gating signal gating (00 → 1 passage, 01 → 2 passage, 10 → 3 passages, 11 → 4 passages).After broadband light is reflected by the sensor fibre grating 5 in passage, its reflected signal is via the c port of 1 × N photoswitch 4 (N=4) and circulator 2, merge with non-reflective reference signal, its spectrogram is as shown in Fig. 3 (a), then incident tunable optic filter 6 in the lump, tunable optic filter 6 realizes linear frequency sweep under triangular voltage sweep driving effect, spectral signal can be converted into time domain light intensity signal in the process, wavelength signals changes into time-domain signal, as shown in Fig. 3 (b), received by photodetector 7, convert analog electrical signal to and enter demodulation module based on data collecting card 8, the change of measuring optical fiber raster center wavelength now can be carried out by the relative position measuring crest, realize fiber grating demodulation.The concrete grammar of demodulation of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, first analog electrical signal is carried out digital-to-analog conversion, then digital filtering is carried out, peak-seeking algorithm is utilized to find all peak dots in one-period, then with triangular signal minimum point for starting point, find the peak dot at the two ends in half period, this is reference signal, by arranging the position t at suitable peak-seeking threshold value and peak width determination reference optical fiber optical grating reflection peak
ref1and t
ref2, be then positioned at two peak-to-peak all peak dots of sensing, these peak dots are the position at sensor fibre optical grating reflection peak, for wherein certain sensor fibre grating, if its time location is t
sensor, then sensor fibre raster center wavelength can just be calculated by method of interpolation like this
there is corresponding relation in change and the extraneous sensing amount of centre wavelength, therefore can realize the sensing of physical quantity.
Claims (7)
1., based on the demodulation method of the multi-channel fiber Bragg grating absolute wavelength demodulating system of simple detector, described demodulating system comprises:
Wideband light source (1);
Circulator (2), its first port connects wideband light source (1);
Reference optical fiber grating (3), connects circulator (2) second port;
1 × N photoswitch (4), its input termination reference optical fiber grating (3);
N number of sensor fibre grating (5), connects the N road output terminal of 1 × N photoswitch (4) respectively;
Tunable optic filter (6), its input end connects circulator (2) the 3rd port;
Photodetector (7), its input termination tunable optic filter (6) output terminal;
Data collecting card (8), its input termination photodetector (7) output terminal, produces the gating signal being used for gating 1 × N photoswitch (4) simultaneously and drives the scanning voltage signal of tunable optic filter (6);
It is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Wideband light source (1) produces light, transmitted light and reflected light two parts are divided into through two reference optical fiber gratings (3) again after circulator (2), wherein transmitted light enters 1 × N photoswitch (4), the gating signal produced by data collecting card (8) controls light and enters corresponding sensor fibre grating (5), reflected light returns and enters tunable optic filter (6) through circulator (2), the reflected light of sensor fibre grating (5) returns and also enters tunable optic filter (6) through circulator (2), frequency sweep light is received by photodetector (7), convert spectral signal to time-domain signal, then demodulation is carried out, obtain the relative position of reference optical fiber grating (3) and sensor fibre grating (5).
2. demodulation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the scanning voltage of described tunable optic filter (6) is triangular wave or sawtooth wave.
3. demodulation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, by the method that time-domain signal carries out demodulation be: first according to the reflection peak time-domain position of scanning electric signal determination reference optical fiber grating (3), then the reflection peak time-domain position of sensor fibre grating (5) is determined, gone out the relative change of the time-domain position of sensor fibre grating (5) by interpolation calculation, realize fiber grating demodulation.
4. demodulation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the demodulation while of in order to realize the sensor fibre grating (5) of N number of passage continuous, the gating signal of circulation is produced by data collecting card, this cycle period is synchronous with scanning voltage, namely make a-road-through road gating in each scan period, circulate successively.
5. demodulation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, use described reference optical fiber grating (3) as wavelength reference, and the centre wavelength of reference optical fiber grating (3) is positioned at the two ends of scanning optical spectrum.
6. demodulation method according to claim 1 or 5, is characterized in that, described reference optical fiber grating (3) is two, is arranged in series on light source route.
7. demodulation method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the centre wavelength of described sensor fibre grating (5) is positioned between the centre wavelength of two reference optical fiber gratings (3).
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