CN108593266A - A kind of method of quick obtaining fiber bragg grating centre wavelength - Google Patents
A kind of method of quick obtaining fiber bragg grating centre wavelength Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/268—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using optical fibres
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- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/28—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with deflection of beams of light, e.g. for direct optical indication
- G01D5/30—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with deflection of beams of light, e.g. for direct optical indication the beams of light being detected by photocells
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of quick obtaining fiber bragg grating centre wavelength.Fiber bragg grating is made by all -fiber and the characteristic of wavelength modulation, and consequence is occupied in sensory field.Since fiber bragg grating has the build-in attribute of wavelength modulation so that demodulation wavelength becomes the key in fiber Bragg grating sensor.Wavelength is demodulated based on tunable optical fiber FP filter, is most ripe mode at present, but for noise, and the fiber bragg grating photosignal that data volume is big, that there are resource overheads is big for the processing procedure of the prior art, efficiency is low, the deficiency of effective difference.Against the above deficiency, the present invention proposes a kind of method of quick obtaining fiber bragg grating centre wavelength.This method requirement, fiber bragg grating array photoelectric signal is quickly and efficiently handled within hardware, again by mating host computer according to the handling result of two reference optical fiber Bragg gratings, the transmission characteristic of real time calibration tunable optical fiber FP filter, and then obtain the centre wavelength of sensor fibre Bragg grating.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of optical fiber sensing, more particularly to cardiac wave in a kind of quick obtaining fiber bragg grating
Long method.
Background technology
Fiber bragg grating（FBG）The characteristic with wavelength modulation is made by all -fiber, weight is occupied in sensory field
The status wanted.Especially in the fields such as national defence section work, electric system, the health monitoring of civil engineering projects, fiber bragg grating
（FBG）An even more indispensable part.Parameter is sensed to fiber bragg grating（FBG）Centre wavelength modulation have it is unique
Characteristic so that demodulation sensor fibre Bragg grating（FBG）Method have versatility.This versatility is embodied in, any right
Fiber bragg grating（FBG）The processing of array signal is provided to more accurately demodulate fiber bragg grating in array
（FBG）Centre wavelength value.The present invention selects tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-TF）As Wavelength demodulation device, and combine
Two reference optical fiber Bragg gratings（FBG）Dynamic calibration tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-TF）Transmission characteristic, in turn
Quick obtaining fiber bragg grating centre wavelength.
Due to there is all kinds of devices in many reflections and circuit that can all introduce noise in light path, to influence to seek to sampled signal
The precision at peak.Have theoretical studies have shown that these noises meet white Gaussian noise characteristic, thus to sampled signal carry out peak-seeking it
Before, it is necessary to denoising is carried out to it by digital Gaussian filter, to improve the accuracy of peak-seeking.Number is handled by traditional CPU
The parallel iteration computational efficiency of Gaussian filter is not high, and programmable gate array（FPGA）It is parallel processing device, to realizing number
This kind of parallel algorithm of word Gaussian filter has acceleration.
According to tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-TF）Theory analysis it is found that accurately find optical grating reflection signal peak
Value position is the key that demodulation centre wavelength.In document, relatively common peak-seeking algorithm has：Centroid method, Gauss polynomial fitting
Algorithm, LM algorithms etc..These algorithms rely primarily on software realization.However, by software realization peak-seeking algorithm, generally require to open up compared with
Big spatial cache.Assuming that the high-speed ADC of 8 parallel-by-bits is the optical fiber cloth of 10us with halfwidth of conversion rate pair of 25MSPS
Glug grating（FBG）Reflection signal is sampled, and data volume is up to 1.95Kbit, for the limited processor of resource,
This is a prodigious resource overhead, and any resource overhead can all influence the working efficiency of processor.
Invention content
The present invention obtains fiber bragg grating for conventional method（FBG）The deficiencies such as wavelength efficiency is low, it is proposed that a kind of
Rapidly and efficiently processing method, while the flow chart of quick peak-seeking algorithm is provided, and point out to realize the soft hardware equipment of this method.
Technical scheme is as follows：A kind of method of quick obtaining fiber bragg grating centre wavelength, feature
It is that method and step is as follows：
（1）Tunable optical fiber FP filter is driven using periodic triangular signal（FFP-TF）, in programmable gate array
（FPGA）When starting the output of triangular signal every time, synchronous high-speed parallel analog/digital conversion (ADC) chip of opening is to optical fiber Bradley
Lattice grating（FBG）The sampling of array photoelectric signal；
（2）Suitable tap coefficient is chosen, and quantifies integer, in programmable gate array（FPGA）In to fiber bragg grating
（FBG）The photosignal of array carries out digital Gaussian filtering, and then smooth fiber bragg grating（FBG）The optical telecommunications of array
Number；
（3）To the fiber bragg grating Jing Guo smoothing processing（FBG）The photosignal of array carries out peak-seeking operation, each
Drive tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-TF）During, it is as a reference point with the initial time for exporting triangular signal,
It marks in the drive cycle, fiber bragg grating（FBG）In array photoelectric signal, each peak value corresponding position moment；
（4）On the basis of the above, to fiber bragg grating（FBG）N number of peak value in array photoelectric signal, carries out pre-determined bit behaviour
Make, and respectively using this N number of scheduled position as midpoint, is the formal peak-seeking operation in next drive cycle, opens up N number of length
Regular time window；
（5）The data in N number of peak location data and this N number of time window that formal peak-seeking is obtained, according to self-defined packet
Literary format is packaged, and is then transmitted to upper computer end by communication interface；
（6）Host computer is according to two reference optical fiber Bragg gratings（FBG）Handling result, real time calibration tunable fiber FP filter
Wave device（FFP-TF）Transmission characteristic, and then obtain sensor fibre Bragg grating（FBG）Centre wavelength.
The present invention have many advantages, such as high resolution, rapidly and efficiently, processing procedure takes up less resources.The present invention is to pass through broadband
Light source（ASE-C）, tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-TF）, programmable gate array（FPGA）Equal devices, constitute an optical fiber
Bragg grating（FBG）What demodulating system was realized.The system can complete distribution type fiber-optic Bragg grating（FBG）Wavelength solution
It adjusts, and is fiber bragg grating（FBG）Sensing parameter demodulation provide wavelength data.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is FPGA internal module partition structure figures；
Fig. 3 is that digital Gaussian filter realizes structure chart；
Fig. 4 is the quick peak-seeking flow chart based on FPGA；
Fig. 5 is pre- peak-seeking contraction principle schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is data packet text transformat.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is to be based on tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-TF）With two reference optical fiber Bragg gratings（FBG）It is real
Existing, overall structure is shown refering to fig. 1.Its hardware includes light path and circuit two parts.Light path part is by ASE wideband light sources
（C-band）, optical fiber circulator, two reference optical fiber Bragg gratings without temperature drift（FBG）, n sensor fibre Bragg grating
（FBG）And tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-TF）Composition.Circuit part is then by photodetector（PD）, programmable gate array
（FPGA）Development platform, high-speed ADC/DAC module, drive signal amplifying circuit composition.In grating array, two reference optical fiber cloth
Glug grating（FBG）With n sensor fibre Bragg grating（FBG）Be using wavelength as their unique mark, namely use
Be wave division multiplex mode.
Working principle of the present invention is as follows：
Light source ASE-C exports continuous spectrum, and fiber bragg grating is squeezed by the ports optical fiber circulator 1-2（FBG）In array,
Different fiber bragg gratings（FBG）Wavelength to meeting its Bragg condition selectively reflects, and reflectance spectrum is again by optical fiber
Circulator 2-3 port transmissions are to tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-TF）Receive demodulation.Tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-
TF）Demodulation wavelength, need load signal generator generate periodic triangular wave signal assist complete.Regulate signal generator
Frequency and amplitude, by signal loading to tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-TF）On, drive it to fiber bragg grating
（FBG）The reflectance spectrum of array periodic scan incessantly, to obtain fiber bragg grating（FBG）Array reflectance spectrum
Time domain distribution.Tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-TF）Output be linked into photodetector（PD）In, by luminous power etc.
Ratio is converted to voltage magnitude, therefore according to tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-TF）Characteristic relation, investigate the monocycle in
Peak position can solve corresponding wavelength value.Sampling and processing for photosignal are by FPGA combination high-speed ADCs
What module was completed.2 points it is to be appreciated that one is to tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-TF）Driving and ADC sampling actions
It need to make synchronization process, ensure the accuracy of wavelength calculating with this；Second is that in order to realize human-computer interaction, can be used communication interface with
Host computer communicates, and host computer, to the handling result of grating signal, realizes Wavelength demodulation according to slave computer.The present invention is using string
Port communications, and develop corresponding host computer.
Based on above-mentioned principle, to master control programmable gate array（FPGA）Inner function module divided, refering to figure
2.UART_RX and UART_TX modules realize the function that sends and receivees of serial ports, the data exchange of cooperation and host computer, CMD respectively
Module is then the instruction of receiving module to be identified, and downstream module is notified to make corresponding action；DDS_STW modules are pair
Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers（DDS）Realization, in conjunction with the excitation module DAC_Driv of high speed D/A switch chip AD_9708
Constitute driving tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-TF）Triangular signal generator；ADC_Driv is high speed A/D conversion
The excitation module of chip AD_9280, is completed together with AD_CAP modules to fiber bragg grating（FBG）What Array transfer came
Photosignal is sampled；Start every time to tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-TF）It is synchronous to open AD_CAP moulds when driving
Sampled data is transmitted to Gaussian filter GS_Filter modules and is smoothed to digital signal by the data transmission of block, from
And improve the precision of peak searching module Peak_Seek；Packet modules realize the packing encapsulation function to data such as waveform and peak values,
To meet the needs of host computer is to Wavelength demodulation and rebuilding spectrum.
In view of traditional CPU realizes that the limitation of digital Gaussian filter, the present invention use programmable gate array（FPGA）
Realize digital Gaussian filter.The filter has selected the convolution kernel of 1*3（1,2,1）, framework is refering to Fig. 3.
In addition, in order to overcome the shortcomings of that peak-seeking on software, the present invention are proposed based on programmable gate array（FPGA）Hardware
The quick peak-seeking algorithm of platform.The algorithm realizes that process only needs a 8bit peak value register, a 8bit peak position to post
The peak value number register of storage and a 4bit, that is to say, that only need 20bit spatial caches that can realize grating battle array in total
The peak-seeking operation of all grating signals in row.
Test experiments are found, are 500Hz with frequency, and the triangular signal that peak-to-peak value is 11.5V drives tunable fiber FP
Filter（FFP-TF）The grating that 3dB wavelength bandwidths are 0.25nm is scanned, conversion to three dB bandwidth under time domain is about 10us.Time domain
Under three dB bandwidth with tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-TF）Drive signal change and change.Based on above-mentioned condition, if
It has counted for fiber bragg grating（FBG）The peak-seeking algorithm of array, refering to Fig. 4.
Its step-by-step procedures is as follows：
（1）Detect unlatching tunable optical fiber FP filter every time（FFP-TF）Drive signal sop when, grating signal acquire mould
Block AD_CAP starts toward downstream module transfer data；
（2）When gs_filter modules receive the valid data of up-stream module, opens filter patterns and height is carried out to sampled signal
This filtering；
（3）When Peak_seek modules receive up-stream module valid data, peak value number mark is initializedj, grating signal
Three dB bandwidth timing markersiAnd peak value peak；
（4）Peak_seek modules will each effective datax(i) with peak value peak make it is primary compared with, simultaneouslyiValue cumulative 1, if
peak≧x(i), then peak holding is constant, otherwise updates peak values and isx(i), while depositing the positions peakti=i；
（5）Ifi-ti≤ 10us when that is, peak value has 10us not update, is then markedtiMoment is the peak position of a certain grating signalTj=ti, initialize simultaneouslyiIt is used for peak-seeking next time with peak, andjOtherwise value cumulative 1 repeats step (4)；
（6）When detecting upper cyclic process end mark eop, if peak value numberjWith the quantity in array gratingMUnanimously, then
Peak-seeking process finishes, and initializes simultaneouslyj, otherwise jump to step (3) untilj=M。
In order to more intuitively check distributed wave, and the centre wavelength of grating is demodulated according to peak-location information, needed
Programmable gate array will be passed through（FPGA）The key messages such as the Wave data and peak position of processing are uploaded to the ends PC.Above
Through mentioning, in contrast Wave data amount is huge.Therefore, the present invention proposes pre- peak-seeking positioning, intercepts significant wave figurate number
According to the mode being transmitted, hash is abandoned, to achieve the purpose that amount of compressed data, the realization principle of pre-determined bit, refering to
Fig. 5.
The substantially process that principle is realized is as follows：
In predetermined bit period, with reference to peak-seeking step proposed above, the peak position in grating array is once estimated
Meter, if peak value number and grating quantity in the period（It is set as W）Unanimously, then the W areas 20us centered on estimating position are marked
Otherwise continue pre- peak-seeking operation in next period, until peak as the peak-seeking in next period and the time window of compression processing in domain
It is consistent with grating quantity to be worth number.
Host computer and slave computer are the environment of two asynchronous workings, and communication needs follow the agreement mutually approved between them
Format, in order to identify the meaning of passed data.In communication protocol, most basic processing unit is data packet text.For this purpose, this hair
It is bright to be directed to demand of the host computer to peak location data and Wave data, the packet text format of data transmission is defined, refering to Fig. 6.
Wherein：
The literary head point of packet：2Byte lead codes（FAFB）, 1Byte peak value numbers, N number of peak location data（Each peak value
2Byte）, 2Byte Wave data length；
Data portion：Wave data；
The literary portion of packet：2Byte tail tags（FCFD）.
It is sent with reference to data packet text format sequential, you can ensure host computer and slave computer normal communication.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method of quick obtaining fiber bragg grating centre wavelength, it is characterised in that method and step is as follows：
（1）Tunable optical fiber FP filter is driven using periodic triangular signal（FFP-TF）, in programmable gate array
（FPGA）When starting the output of triangular signal every time, synchronous high-speed parallel analog/digital conversion (ADC) chip of opening is to optical fiber Bradley
Lattice grating（FBG）The sampling of array photoelectric signal；
（2）Suitable tap coefficient is chosen, and quantifies integer, in programmable gate array（FPGA）In to fiber bragg grating
（FBG）The photosignal of array carries out digital Gaussian filtering, and then smooth fiber bragg grating（FBG）The optical telecommunications of array
Number；
（3）To the fiber bragg grating Jing Guo smoothing processing（FBG）The photosignal of array carries out peak-seeking operation, each
Drive tunable optical fiber FP filter（FFP-TF）During, it is as a reference point with the initial time for exporting triangular signal,
It marks in the drive cycle, fiber bragg grating（FBG）In array photoelectric signal, each peak value corresponding position moment；
（4）On the basis of the above, to fiber bragg grating（FBG）N number of peak value in array photoelectric signal, carries out pre-determined bit behaviour
Make, and respectively using this N number of scheduled position as midpoint, is the formal peak-seeking operation in next drive cycle, opens up N number of length
Regular time window；
（5）The data in N number of peak location data and this N number of time window that formal peak-seeking is obtained, according to self-defined packet
Literary format is packaged, and is then transmitted to upper computer end by communication interface；
（6）Host computer is according to two reference optical fiber Bragg gratings（FBG）Handling result, real time calibration tunable fiber FP filter
Wave device（FFP-TF）Transmission characteristic, and then obtain sensor fibre Bragg grating（FBG）Centre wavelength.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110492940A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-22 | 南昌航空大学 | A kind of visible light voice communication decoding method based on FPGA |
| CN110595520A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2019-12-20 | 南昌航空大学 | Fiber grating sensing system based on cloud communication |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN110595520A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2019-12-20 | 南昌航空大学 | Fiber grating sensing system based on cloud communication |
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