CN105698836A - Optical fiber Bragg raster sensing net-based on-line monitoring method - Google Patents
Optical fiber Bragg raster sensing net-based on-line monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105698836A CN105698836A CN201610077285.8A CN201610077285A CN105698836A CN 105698836 A CN105698836 A CN 105698836A CN 201610077285 A CN201610077285 A CN 201610077285A CN 105698836 A CN105698836 A CN 105698836A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber Bragg raster sensing net-based on-line monitoring method which comprises the following steps: in a first step, an optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation instrument is configured; in a second step of configuring basic parameters of a hardware system, basic parameters of an optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module and an optical switch are configured; in a third step, an initialization instruction is sent to the optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation instrument; in a fourth step, whether m is one is determined, m signifies an optical switch work mode; if m is one, a first mode which is an automatic work mode is used; if m is zero, a second mode which is a manual work mode is used. the on-line monitoring method provided in the invention is simple, monitoring signals of a multi-channel and multi-sensor sensing network comprises as many as one hundred FBGs can be displayed in real time and stored in a database, and wavelengths of monitored optical signals can be processed and analyzed conveniently.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the on-line monitoring technique field of fiber grating, particularly relate to a kind of on-line monitoring method based on optical fibre Bragg grating sensing net。
Background technology
Along with development and the progress, particularly recent two decades of science and technology carry out developing rapidly of optical fiber sensing technology, optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) is a kind of optic fibre passive device with the fastest developing speed recent years。FBG is widely used in the field such as large-scale composite material, the mixed structure monitoring of earth, power industry, petroleum industry, intellectual material performance monitoring。FBG sensing detection precision and sensing networkization distribution so that FBG sensing and demodulating technology becomes one of the emphasis and difficult point in current FBG Research on Sensing field。
The traditional sensing techniques being applied to complicated sensor-based system includes wavelength-division multiplex, time division multiplex and frequency multiplexing technique, by at a multiple different wave length optical signal being loaded with corresponding to different optical pickocff channels of fiber-optic transfer, wavelength-division multiplex technique can be greatly improved disposal ability, and cost is inquired after in reduction。Time-division multiplex technology uses a modulated pulse to realize inquiring after multiple optical pickocffs, is adjusted group delay raising simultaneously and inquires after ability。Similar with time division multiplex, frequency multiplexing technique is conciliate, by frequency modulation(PFM), raising of transferring and is inquired after ability。
Fibre Optical Sensor has good reliability, electromagnetism interference, anticorrosive, the feature such as can work under complicated chemical environment。Its Wavelength-encoding characteristic and reusability thereof other type sensor especially is incomparable。How the Wavelength-encoding signal of fiber grating is demodulated, is the key realizing optical fiber grating sensing。
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of on-line monitoring method based on optical fibre Bragg grating sensing net, up to a hundred optical fibre Bragg grating sensing nets of multichannel, many sensings can be demodulated by described on-line monitoring method, and receives the detection signal of optical fiber Bragg grating sensor (FBG)。
Below technical scheme: a kind of on-line monitoring method based on optical fibre Bragg grating sensing net, comprise the following steps:
First the connection of optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator equipment is configured by step (1), first serial ports number corresponding to photoswitch and baud rate and configuration photoswitch total number of channels are set, then arranging serial ports number corresponding to demodulation module and baud rate, wherein photoswitch and demodulation module communication interface need to check the serial ports number distribution of computer hardware manager；
Step (2) hardware system basic parameter configures, the basic parameter of configuration optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator module and photoswitch, first optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator module front-end sampling frequency, noise threshold, mode of operation are set, then photoswitch switching time is set；
Step (3) sends initialization directive to optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator；Judge that whether initialization is successful；If it is, carry out step (4)；Otherwise, then again optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator is initialized；
Step (4) m is photoswitch mode of operation, the value of m be 0 or 1, m value can manual control, if m=1, then Dietary behavior one automatic operation mode, if m=0, then Dietary behavior two manual work pattern；
Pattern one automatic operation mode: it is automatic switchover channel pattern that step (1-1) configures (FBG) demodulator, sends after switching channel instruction, and system can the wavelength value of the optical signal detected by optical fiber Bragg grating sensor of Acquisition channel automatically；
After step (1-2) obtains the wavelength value of optical signal, wavelength value is preserved to data base, displaying data in real-time, it is ensured that channel data is accurately stored in data base；
Step (1-3) if arriving the passage switching setting time, then jumps to step (1-4), otherwise, continues to repeat step (1-2)；
Step (1-4) is switched to next passage and obtains the wavelength of optical signal value of this passage, jumps to step (1-2) until all channel acquisition are complete；
Pattern two manual work pattern:
Step (2-1) configuration system is manual switching channel pattern, system acquisition passage is set, after sending switching channel instruction, system only obtains the wavelength value of the optical signal detected by the fiber-optic grating sensor of a certain passage, as the wavelength value of the optical signal of other passages need to be obtained, it is necessary to manual switching passage；
After step (2-2) obtains the wavelength value of optical signal, wavelength value is preserved to data base, displaying data in real-time, it is ensured that channel data is accurately stored in data base；
Step (2-3) if meeting end condition, then terminates to gather, and otherwise, continues to repeat step (2-2)；
End condition and basis for estimation are determined by variable c；
If c is 1；Then represent channel acquisition pattern: end condition sets session acquisition time for arriving；
If c is 0；Then represent single acquisition pattern: end condition is whether setting value is continue to gather。
Step (2) sample frequency≤5k；The setting value of noise threshold is 4000～5000db；Photoswitch switching time value >=20ms is set。
The present invention calculates the reflection wavelength of optical signal according to fiber grating demodulation principle。
A) fiber grating demodulation principle
When light is through optical fiber Bragg raster, the light meeting Bragg phase-matching condition is produced very strong reflection；To the light being unsatisfactory for Bragg condition, owing to phase place is not mated, only very faint part is reflected back。
As sensing unit, the heat transfer agent based on the sensor of optical fiber Bragg raster is by extraneous parameter, the modulation of its Bragg centre wavelength to be obtained:
λB=2neffΛ(1)
Its Bragg wavelength X is can determine that by (1) formulaBWith grating period A and reverse coupled Effective index neffRelation, in extraneous sensing process, provide theoretical foundation for optical fiber Bragg raster, optical fiber Bragg raster wavelength will be caused to be shifted over phenomenon when two parameters change。
Based on the on-line monitoring system of optical fibre Bragg grating sensing net in the present invention, detect system including grating demodulation instrument and optical fibre Bragg grating sensing；
Described optical fibre Bragg grating sensing detection system, described detection system is embedded with on-line monitoring method, by serial bus and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator communication, the demodulating data gathering (FBG) demodulator and the passage switching controlling multichannel optical switch, through the configuration of data configuration, data are stored, finally data are shown。
Described optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator is 8 passages or 16 channel fiber Bragg grating demodulation instrument。
Described 16 channel fiber Bragg grating sensor (FBG) demodulators, described (FBG) demodulator includes wideband light source (7), optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module (8), ring flange (12), 3dB fiber coupler (10), 1 × 16 single-mode optics switch (2), ring flange (12), singlechip control panel (3), usb communication mouth (6) and serial communication mouth (4)；
Wherein, wideband light source (7) and optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module (8) are connected with two interfaces of 3dB fiber coupler (10) respectively through ring flange (9), the light common port of another interface of 3dB fiber coupler (10) and 1 × 16 single-mode optics switch (2) is connected, 16 road optical channels of 1 × 16 single-mode optics switch (2) are connected with 16 ring flanges (12) of described (FBG) demodulator rear board respectively, optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module (8) circuit input/output interface, single-mode optics switch (2) passage port switching is connected with singlechip control panel (3), singlechip control panel (3) and with serial communication port (4), usb communication mouth (6) connects。
The light that described wideband light source (7) sends switchs an optical channel of (2) through 3dB fiber coupler (10) and 1 × 16 single-mode optics, then light incides the optical fiber accessing this optical channel one multiple optical fibre Bragg grating sensings of series connection through ring flange (12), the light wave of the different centre wavelength of optical fibre Bragg grating sensing reflection, reflecting light is irradiated to the input interface of optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module (8) through bonder (10), optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module (8) utilizes photovoltaic effect and principles of signal processing, convert optical signals to comprise the signal of telecommunication of spectral information, the signal of telecommunication is by singlechip control panel (3) level conversion, and it is sent to host computer through USB interface (6) and the serial communication port (4) of instrument, thus being demodulated and on-line monitoring。
Described 1 × 16 single-mode optics switch (2) passage switching is exported low and high level signal by singlechip control panel (3) and controls, 1 × 16 single-mode optics switch (2) can only have a road optical channel and common port open-minded, and two or more optical channels are not simultaneously in opening state。
The Output optical power of described wideband light source (7) is 13dBm, and the operation wavelength of the light sent is 1525～1565nm。
Described FBG demodulation module (8) is made up of spectroscopy unit, probe unit and electric treatment unit, described spectroscopy unit is holographic volume phase grating (VPHG), structure is transmission-type, can be easily separated by the wavelength that comprise multipath light signal；Described probe unit is indium GaAs (InGaAs) detector array, and structure is PIN diode detection array structure, utilizes the photovoltaic effect of pn-junction, it is achieved opto-electronic conversion, spectral signal is changed the signal of telecommunication；The signal of telecommunication comprising spectral signal can be carried out Digital Signal Processing by described electric treatment unit, and the data after process, after singlechip control panel level conversion, are uploaded to host computer by serial communication interface (10) and USB communication interface (1)。
Described FBG demodulation module uses 512 detection arrays, is operated in C-band 1525～1565nm and can detect the wavelength peak within 80。
The operation principle of (FBG) demodulator provided by the invention is: C-band ASE wideband light source sends light through bonder and photoswitch, incides the optical fibre Bragg grating sensing element being series at an optical fiber, the light wave of the different centre wavelength of sensing element reflection。The light of different wave length is easily separated by the spectroscopy unit that reflecting light is irradiated to (FBG) demodulator through bonder, it is radiated on the linear array detection array being made up of 512 photodiodes, utilizing photovoltaic effect to be converted to the signal of telecommunication, the signal of telecommunication comprising spectral information is processed by signal processing unit。Host computer performs spectral wavelength capture program, Bragg wavelength recognition program and photoswitch and controls program, by RS232 serial bus, changes after communication level through singlechip control panel, gathers the sense light spectrum information of demodulation respectively and performs the switching of multichannel optical switch。
Described optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module (8), singlechip control panel (3), wideband light source (7) and 1 × 16 single-mode optics switch (2) all adopt aluminium shell to be packaged, (FBG) demodulator possesses good Electro Magnetic Compatibility and stronger anti-electromagnetic interference capability, can be positioned over strong electromagnetic (such as transformator etc.) closer location and measure。
Compared with prior art, the method have the advantages that the present invention uses the wavelength-division multiplex of 16 road photoswitch passage switchings and the space division multiplexing technology of FBG demodulation module, up to a hundred FBG Sensor Networks accurately can be detected；Demodulation module communication, photoswitch control communication reduction are serial communication by described (FBG) demodulator unification, and convenient this instrument of use carries out secondary development。On-line monitoring method provided by the invention is simple, shows and is stored in data base in real time to the monitor signal of multichannel, up to a hundred FBG Sensor Networks of many sensings, conveniently carry out processing to the wavelength of optical signal monitored and analyze。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of described on-line monitoring system；
The structural representation of the (FBG) demodulator that Fig. 2 provides for this utility model；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of on-line monitoring method provided by the invention。
Figure indicates: 1-on and off switch, 2-1 × 16 single-mode optics switch, 3-singlechip control panel, 4-serial communication interface, 5-power interface, 6-USB communication interface, 7-wideband light source, 8-optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulation module, 9-ring flange, 10-3dB fiber coupler, 11-instrument rear board, 12-ring flange。
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, technical scheme is described in further details。
Embodiment 1
As it is shown in figure 1, the on-line monitoring system based on optical fibre Bragg grating sensing net includes 16 channel fiber Bragg grating demodulation instrument and optical fibre Bragg grating sensing detection system；
Described optical fibre Bragg grating sensing detection system, described detection system is embedded with on-line monitoring method, communicated with optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator by serial bus, the demodulating data gathering (FBG) demodulator and the passage switching controlling multichannel optical switch, through the configuration of data configuration, data are stored, finally data are shown。
As in figure 2 it is shown, described 16 channel fiber Bragg grating sensor (FBG) demodulators include wideband light source 7, optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module 8, ring flange 12,3dB fiber coupler 10,1 × 16 single-mode optics switch 2, ring flange 12, singlechip control panel 3, usb communication mouth 6, serial communication mouth 4, on and off switch 1 and power interface 5。
Wherein, wideband light source 7 and optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module 8 are connected with two interfaces of 3dB fiber coupler 10 respectively through ring flange 9, the light common port of another interface of 3dB fiber coupler 10 and 1 × 16 single-mode optics switch 2 is connected, 16 road optical channels of 1 × 16 single-mode optics switch 2 are connected with 16 ring flanges 12 of described (FBG) demodulator rear board respectively, optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module 8 circuit input/output interface, single-mode optics switch 2 passage port switchings and are connected with singlechip control panel 3, and singlechip control panel 3 is also connected with serial communication port 4, usb communication mouth 6。
Described FBG demodulation module 8, singlechip control panel 3, wideband light source 7 and 1 × 16 single-mode optics switch 2 all adopts aluminium shell to be packaged。
In the present embodiment, FBG demodulation module is bought in BaySpec company, and demodulation wave-length coverage is 1525～1565nm, and grating wavelength demodulation accuracy is 1pm, and the number that can demodulate Bragg wavelength peak is 80。
Described wideband light source selects wave-length coverage to be 1525～1565nm, and rated output power is 13dBm。
Described single mode multichannel optical switch 2 selection work wave band is 1550nm, optical channel Shuo Wei 16 tunnel, and passage switching time is more than 20ms。
3dB loss one-to-two fiber coupler selected by described bonder, and splitting ratio is 1:1。
Described power interface 5 is connected with power supply, and power supply selects external adapter rated voltage 12V, rated current 3A；Three LM2576 voltage stabilizing chips are embedded in the power panel on singlechip control panel 3 by the present embodiment, and 12V input power voltage stabilizing to 5V respectively 1 × 16 single-mode optics switch, FBG demodulation module 8, wideband light source 7, singlechip control panel 3 are powered by voltage stabilizing chip。
ATMEGA128 model single-chip microcomputer selected by the master controller of described singlechip control panel 3。
The interface of the electric interfaces of described FBG demodulation module 8 and 1 × 16 single-mode optics switch 2 is connected to singlechip control panel。
The interface that described demodulation instrument and host computer intercom mutually is usb communication or RS-232 serial communication。
The work process of described (FBG) demodulator is as follows: the light that described wideband light source 7 sends switchs an optical channel of 2 through 3dB fiber coupler 10 and 1 × 16 single-mode optics, then light incides the optical fiber accessing this optical channel one multiple optical fibre Bragg grating sensings of series connection through ring flange 12, the light wave of the different centre wavelength of optical fibre Bragg grating sensing reflection, reflecting light leads out into the input interface of optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module 8 through three-dB coupler 10, optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module 8 utilizes photovoltaic effect and principles of signal processing, the wavelength of incident optical signal is easily separated, convert optical signals to comprise the signal of telecommunication of spectral information, the signal of telecommunication is exported USB interface 6 and the serial communication port 4 of instrument by singlechip control panel 3 level conversion, it is then communicated to Fibre Optical Sensor on-line monitoring system。
The on-line monitoring system of described optical fibre Bragg grating sensing net is applied in oil-filled transformer fault detect, the optical fiber Bragg grating sensor of 33 passages (wherein 3 passages in 16 passages) is monitored by the method, on-line monitoring system adopts C Plus Plus to be programmed, gathering transformer vibration signal data, flow chart is as shown in Figure 3。
Embodiment 2
First the connection of optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator equipment is configured by step (1), first serial ports number corresponding to photoswitch and baud rate and configuration photoswitch total number of channels are set, then arranging serial ports number corresponding to demodulation module and baud rate, wherein photoswitch and demodulation module communication interface need to check the serial ports number distribution of computer hardware manager；
Step (2) hardware system basic parameter configures, the basic parameter of configuration optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator module and photoswitch, first optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator module front-end sampling frequency, noise threshold, mode of operation are set, then photoswitch switching time is set；Sample frequency is 5k；The setting value of noise threshold is 4000db；Photoswitch switching time value is set for 20ms；
Step (3) sends initialization directive to optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator；Judge that whether initialization is successful；If it is, carry out step (4)；Otherwise, then again optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator is initialized；
The value of step (4) m is 1, m is photoswitch mode of operation, if yes then enter pattern one automatic operation mode；
Pattern one automatic operation mode: it is automatic switchover channel pattern that step (1-1) configures (FBG) demodulator, after sending switching channel instruction, system can obtain the wavelength value of the optical signal detected by fiber-optic grating sensor of all passages automatically；
After step (1-2) obtains the wavelength value of optical signal, wavelength value is preserved to data base, displaying data in real-time, it is ensured that channel data is accurately stored in data base；
Step (1-3) if arriving the passage switching setting time, then jumps to step (1-4), otherwise, continues to repeat step (1-2)；
Step (1-4) is switched to next passage and obtains the wavelength of optical signal value of this passage, jumps to step (1-2) until all channel acquisition are complete；
The wavelength value of the optical signal that reading database preserves, calculates the accekeration of vibrating sensor according to formula；
In formula, Δ λ is the wavelength-shift of the optical fiber Bragg raster caused by strain, and λ is the centre wavelength of optical fiber Bragg raster, and E is the elastic modelling quantity of steel pipe and elastic steel sheet, d1And d2For internal diameter and the external diameter of steel pipe, s is the cross-sectional area of elastic steel sheet, and a is acceleration, PeFor elasto-optical coefficient, m is quality；Give the linear changing relation of optic fiber grating wavelength knots modification and acceleration, the measurement of transformator vibration can be realized by detecting the change of wavelength。
Embodiment 3
First the connection of optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator equipment is configured by step (1), first serial ports number corresponding to photoswitch and baud rate and configuration photoswitch total number of channels are set, then arranging serial ports number corresponding to demodulation module and baud rate, wherein photoswitch and demodulation module communication interface need to check the serial ports number distribution of computer hardware manager；
Step (2) hardware system basic parameter configures, the basic parameter of configuration optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator module and photoswitch, first optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator module front-end sampling frequency, noise threshold, mode of operation are set, then photoswitch switching time is set；Sample frequency is 5k；The setting value of noise threshold is 4000db；Photoswitch switching time value is set for 20ms；
Step (3) sends initialization directive to optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator；Judge that whether initialization is successful；If it is, carry out step (4)；Otherwise, then again optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator is initialized；
Step (4) m=0, Dietary behavior two manual work pattern；
Pattern two manual work pattern:
Step (2-1) configuration system is manual switching channel pattern, system acquisition passage is set, after sending switching channel instruction, system only obtains the wavelength value of the optical signal detected by the fiber-optic grating sensor of a certain passage, as the wavelength value of the optical signal of other passages need to be obtained, it is necessary to manual switching passage；
After step (2-2) obtains the wavelength value of optical signal, wavelength value is preserved to data base, displaying data in real-time, it is ensured that channel data is accurately stored in data base；
Step (2-3) c is 1；Represent channel acquisition pattern；End condition sets session acquisition time for arriving；
If meeting end condition, then terminating to gather, otherwise, continuing to repeat step (2-2)。
The wavelength value of the optical signal that reading database preserves, calculates the accekeration of vibrating sensor according to formula。
In formula, Δ λ is the wavelength-shift of the optical fiber Bragg raster caused by strain, and λ is the centre wavelength of optical fiber Bragg raster, and E is the elastic modelling quantity of steel pipe and elastic steel sheet, d1And d2For internal diameter and the external diameter of steel pipe, s is the cross-sectional area of elastic steel sheet, and a is acceleration, PeFor elasto-optical coefficient, m is quality；Give the linear changing relation of optic fiber grating wavelength knots modification and acceleration, the measurement of transformator vibration can be realized by detecting the change of wavelength。
Embodiment 4
First the connection of optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator equipment is configured by step (1), first serial ports number corresponding to photoswitch and baud rate and configuration photoswitch total number of channels are set, then arranging serial ports number corresponding to demodulation module and baud rate, wherein photoswitch and demodulation module communication interface need to check the serial ports number distribution of computer hardware manager；
Step (2) hardware system basic parameter configures, the basic parameter of configuration optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator module and photoswitch, first optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator module front-end sampling frequency, noise threshold, mode of operation are set, then photoswitch switching time is set；Sample frequency is 5k；The setting value of noise threshold is 4000db；Photoswitch switching time value is set for 20ms；
Step (3) sends initialization directive to optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator；Judge that whether initialization is successful；If it is, carry out step (4)；Otherwise, then again optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator is initialized；
Step (4) m=0, Dietary behavior two manual work pattern；
Pattern two manual work pattern:
Step (2-1) configuration system is manual switching channel pattern, system acquisition passage is set, after sending switching channel instruction, system only obtains the wavelength value of the optical signal detected by the fiber-optic grating sensor of a certain passage, as the wavelength value of the optical signal of other passages need to be obtained, it is necessary to manual switching passage；
After step (2-2) obtains the wavelength value of optical signal, wavelength value is preserved to data base, displaying data in real-time, it is ensured that channel data is accurately stored in data base；
Step (2-3) c is 0；Representing single acquisition pattern, whether end condition setting value is continue to gather, if continue to gather by thinking control, if needing not continue to gather, terminates to gather, and otherwise, continues to repeat step (2-2)。
The wavelength value of the optical signal that reading database preserves, calculates the accekeration of vibrating sensor according to formula。
In formula, Δ λ is the wavelength-shift of the optical fiber Bragg raster caused by strain, and λ is the centre wavelength of optical fiber Bragg raster, and E is the elastic modelling quantity of steel pipe and elastic steel sheet, d1And d2For internal diameter and the external diameter of steel pipe, s is the cross-sectional area of elastic steel sheet, and a is acceleration, PeFor elasto-optical coefficient, m is quality；Give the linear changing relation of optic fiber grating wavelength knots modification and acceleration, the measurement of transformator vibration can be realized by detecting the change of wavelength。
Claims (10)
1. the on-line monitoring method based on optical fibre Bragg grating sensing net, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
First the connection of optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator equipment is configured by step (1), first serial ports number corresponding to photoswitch and baud rate and configuration photoswitch total number of channels are set, then arranging serial ports number corresponding to demodulation module and baud rate, wherein photoswitch and demodulation module communication interface need to check the serial ports number distribution of computer hardware manager；
Step (2) hardware system basic parameter configures, configuration demodulation module and the basic parameter of photoswitch, first arranges demodulation module front-end sampling frequency, noise threshold, mode of operation, then arranges photoswitch switching time；
Step (3) sends initialization directive to optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator；Judge that whether initialization is successful；If it is, carry out step (4)；Otherwise, then again optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator is initialized；
Step (4) m is photoswitch mode of operation, and the value of m is 0 or 1, if m=1, then Dietary behavior one automatic operation mode, if m=0, then Dietary behavior two manual work pattern。
2. the on-line monitoring method based on optical fibre Bragg grating sensing net as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, pattern one automatic operation mode: it is automatic switchover channel pattern that step (1-1) configures (FBG) demodulator, sending after switching channel instruction, system can the wavelength value of the optical signal detected by fiber-optic grating sensor of Acquisition channel automatically；
After step (1-2) obtains the wavelength value of optical signal, wavelength value is preserved to data base, displaying data in real-time, it is ensured that channel data is accurately stored in data；
Step (1-3) if arriving the passage switching setting time, then jumps to step (1-4), otherwise, continues to repeat step (1-2)；
Step (1-4) is switched to next passage and obtains the wavelength of optical signal value of this passage, jumps to step (1-2) until all channel acquisition are complete。
3. the on-line monitoring method based on optical fibre Bragg grating sensing net as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that pattern two manual work pattern:
Step (2-1) configuration system is manual switching channel pattern, system acquisition passage is set, after sending switching channel instruction, system obtains the wavelength value of the optical signal detected by fiber-optic grating sensor of a certain passage, as the wavelength value of the optical signal of other passages need to be obtained, it is necessary to manual switching passage；
After step (2-2) obtains the wavelength value of optical signal, wavelength value is preserved to data base, displaying data in real-time, it is ensured that channel data is accurately stored in data base；
Step (2-3) if meeting end condition, then terminates to gather, and otherwise, continues to repeat step (2-2)；
End condition and basis for estimation are determined by variable c；
If c is 1；Then represent channel acquisition pattern: end condition sets session acquisition time for arriving；
If c is 0；Then represent single acquisition pattern: whether end condition setting value is continue to gather。
4. the on-line monitoring method based on optical fibre Bragg grating sensing net as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2) sample frequency≤5k。
5. the on-line monitoring method based on optical fibre Bragg grating sensing net as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the setting value of step (2) noise threshold is 4000～5000db。
6. the on-line monitoring method based on optical fibre Bragg grating sensing net as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2) photoswitch switching time value >=20ms is set。
7. the on-line monitoring method based on optical fibre Bragg grating sensing net as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) demodulator is 8 passages or 16 channel fiber Bragg grating demodulation instrument。
8. the on-line monitoring method based on optical fibre Bragg grating sensing net as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, 16 described channel fiber Bragg grating demodulation instrument include wideband light source (7), optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module (8), ring flange (12), 3dB fiber coupler (10), 1 × 16 single-mode optics switch (2), ring flange (12), singlechip control panel (3), usb communication mouth (6) and serial communication mouth (4)；
Wherein, wideband light source (7) and optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module (8) are connected with two interfaces of 3dB fiber coupler (10) respectively through ring flange (9), the light common port of another interface of 3dB fiber coupler (10) and 1 × 16 single-mode optics switch (2) is connected, 16 road optical channels of 1 × 16 single-mode optics switch (2) are connected with 16 ring flanges (12) of described (FBG) demodulator rear board respectively, optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module (8) circuit input/output interface, single-mode optics switch (2) passage port switching is connected with singlechip control panel (3), singlechip control panel (3) and with serial communication port (4), usb communication mouth (6) connects。
9. the on-line monitoring method based on optical fibre Bragg grating sensing net as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the light that described wideband light source (7) sends switchs an optical channel of (2) through 3dB fiber coupler (10) and 1 × 16 single-mode optics, then light incides the optical fiber accessing this optical channel one multiple optical fibre Bragg grating sensings of series connection through ring flange (12), the light wave of the different centre wavelength of optical fibre Bragg grating sensing reflection, reflecting light is irradiated to the input interface of optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module (8) through bonder (10), optical fiber Bragg raster demodulation module (8) utilizes photovoltaic effect and principles of signal processing, convert optical signals to comprise the signal of telecommunication of spectral information, the signal of telecommunication is sent to host computer by singlechip control panel (3) level conversion and through USB interface (6) and the serial communication port (4) of instrument, thus being demodulated and on-line monitoring。
10. the on-line monitoring method based on optical fibre Bragg grating sensing net as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that the Output optical power of described wideband light source (7) is 13dBm, and the operation wavelength of the light sent is 1525～1565nm；Described 1 × 16 single-mode optics switch (2) passage switching is exported low and high level signal by singlechip control panel (3) and controls, 1 × 16 single-mode optics switch (2) can only have a road optical channel and common port open-minded, and two or more optical channels are not simultaneously in opening state。
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