CN104949915A - Oil-immersed transformer fault positioning device based on fiber Bragg grating - Google Patents
Oil-immersed transformer fault positioning device based on fiber Bragg grating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oil-immersed transformer fault positioning device based on a fiber Bragg grating and belongs to the range of transformer fault detection equipment. The device adopts a palladium-plated silver alloy thin film as hydrogen sensors for hydrogen dissolved in oil, and is specifically characterized in that the palladium-plated silver alloy thin film is used as the fiber Bragg grating hydrogen sensors for the hydrogen dissolved in the oil at a grating part of the fiber Bragg grating, and the plurality of fiber Bragg grating hydrogen sensors are fused by single mode fibers and are distributed on each face of a transformer cavity, so that the three-dimensional monitoring of the dissolved hydrogen in the transformer cavity is realized. By virtue of the oil-immersed transformer fault positioning device based on the fiber Bragg grating, the disadvantages that an existing fault positioning device needs to be hung and checked offline and the like are overcome, and the special requirements of hydrogen production fault positioning in an oil-immersed transformer can be met. The sensor is demodulated by wavelength and is not influenced by the changes of light intensity. The sensor does not cause dangers on the operation of the transformer and is safe and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to transformer fault checkout equipment scope, particularly a kind of oil-filled transformer fault locator based on Fiber Bragg Grating.
Background technology
Power transformer is one of most important and the most valuable equipment of electric system, and their safe operation is directly connected to the power supply reliability of electrical network.The research of diagnosing fault of power transformer technology is the basis of Power Transformer Condition maintenance.Transformer is system and the equipment of an aging and failure mechanism complexity, and therefore diagnosing fault of power transformer technology is a complexity and difficult task.Insulating oil, under heat and electric effect, decomposites hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and multiple Small molecular hydrocarbon gas, the composition of the type of device interior fault and the order of severity and these gas molecules and gas production rate close relation.Wherein, hydrogen is that the major failure gas of initial failure as faint shelf depreciation or low temperature hot spot phenomenon appears in transformer, therefore analyzes transformer initial failure by monitoring hydrogen amount and position tool to generation hydrogen position to be of great significance.
Dissolving hydrogen on-line monitoring in oil, can to overcome the conventional offline test period long, from sampling, to be transported to measurement links many, the shortcoming of complex operation, gas composition can be continued to monitor online, store long-term testing result, complete tendency information is provided, to Timeliness coverage fault, determine the maintenance period of transformer, carry out life prediction, realize repair based on condition of component and there is conclusive effect.Large-scale power transformer shelf depreciation and local overheating belong to frequent failure, and minority needs process in time, and great majority can continue to run.But continuing as known nothing the position of trouble spot and fault degree in operational process, this operation is risk.If after power transformer breaks down, diagnose the character that is out of order exactly, and out of order preliminary position can be diagnosed exactly, just can cut the waste, get rid of the fault of transformer fast, improve the reliability of power supply.
The prior art of dissolving hydrogen in oil adopts usually hangs cover inspection method, can position partial fault position, overhaul, but hanging cover checks that workload is very large, and testing if do not carried out before hanging cover inspection, analyzing, often be difficult to find trouble spot, wasting manpower and material resources.Power Transformer Faults localization method conventional at present mainly contains: multiple location sampling analysis method, maintenance are investigated and tested combine cross-check technique and the Fault Locating Method based on atomic absorption spectroscopy.
(1) multiple location sampling analysis method
Around possible trouble spot, carry out multiple repairing weld when transformer breaks down, carry out dissolved gas analysis, according to the distance of analysis result failure judgement point distance sample, trouble spot is positioned.The method to some fault be positioned with larger reference value but larger to the positioning error of most of fault.
(2) maintenance investigation to combine with test cross-check technique
When transformer there occurs fault, after determining the type of fault, contingent position, in order to locate position more specifically further, the information according to having grasped is tested accordingly, to obtain more information thus to locate out of order happening part more accurately.Such as, by oil chromatogram analysis, determine after transformer there occurs hot stall, then can select to do direct current resistance determination test, single-phase no-load test comes further localizing faults position.Discharging fault can be selected to do ultrasound wave location test to the position that may break down, to determine the definite position of fault further.The method generally will come localizing faults position in conjunction with the result of electrical test, but due to the remolding sensitivity of electrical test lower, data accuracy is poor, so the resultant error of comprehensive descision is also larger.
During owing to there is partial discharges fault, the trouble location of transformer will produce ultrasound wave, and can to discharging ultrasonic energy around, and ultrasound wave passes to the sensor for detecting sound wave be fixed in advance on equipment by number of ways, then by calculating the time that it is propagated, just can calculate by data processing the concrete position that fault is put in transformer generation office.Adopt ultrasonic locatization roughly can determine the trouble location of transformer.
(3) based on the Fault Locating Method of atomic absorption spectroscopy
By the dissolved gas type in voltage device dissolved gas analysis determination transformer oil and content, determine the fault type of transformer, utilize the composition of metal and the content of metal in atomic absorption spectroscopy insulating oil, and comprehensively locate in conjunction with the growth pattern of the heterogeneity of metal in insulating oil the position that transformer fault occurs.
The shortcoming of prior art
(1) existing Fault Locating Method needs to carry out hanging cover inspection, but hangs cover inspection workload very greatly, wastes time and energy, and when needing to carry out hanging cover inspection, transformer often more serious fault has occurred.
(2) when utilizing the methods such as multiple location analytical sampling, positioning error is larger.
(3) when transformer tentatively breaks down, existing localization method is difficult to position the trouble location of transformer.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of oil-filled transformer fault locator based on Fiber Bragg Grating, it is characterized in that, the oil-filled transformer fault locator of described Fiber Bragg Grating adopts plating palladium-silver film as the hydrogen sensor dissolving hydrogen in oil, in the position, grid region of Fiber Bragg Grating plating palladium-silver film is as oil, specifically dissolve the Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor of hydrogen, multiple Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor to be arranged in transformer cavity on each face through single-mode fiber welding, the 3 D stereo monitoring of hydrogen is dissolved in the 3 D stereo monitoring realizing dissolving in transformer cavity hydrogen, wavelength-division multiplex technique is adopted to calculate for the data of sensor, abort situation is determined in analysis, this transformer fault locating device comprises: form light-source system by wideband light source, total photoswitch and 3 coupling mechanisms, total photoswitch connects the first photoswitch, the second photoswitch, the 3rd photoswitch and Wavelength demodulation device by 3 coupling mechanisms respectively by single-mode fiber, Wavelength demodulation device is connected with computing machine, the output of the first photoswitch, the second photoswitch, the 3rd photoswitch is separately fixed on six faces of transformer cavity, is used as localization of fault.
Described light-source system controls the output of light source by 3 coupling mechanisms, the first photoswitch, the second photoswitch and the 3rd photoswitches, provides light source to the different Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor on different dimensions;
Described multiple Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensing and single temperature compensation sensor are composed in series sensor branch road by single-mode fiber; These sensor series branch roads are arranged on six faces of transformer cavity, and are fixedly connected with each output of the first photoswitch, the second photoswitch, the 3rd photoswitch, for dissolving 3 D stereo monitoring and the localization of fault of hydrogen in transformer cavity.
Described Wavelength demodulation device and computing machine composition detect collecting unit, wherein the wavelength of Wavelength demodulation device to fiber grating hydrogen gas sensor detects, and the wavelength value of sensor is sent in computing machine carries out data processing, can abort situation be determined by the wavelength variable quantity of different fiber grating hydrogen gas sensor and response time.
Contained by each sensor series branch road described, Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor is 4 ~ 10.
The Fiber Bragg Grating of described Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor is using Metal Palladium as hydrogen sensitive film, and thickness is 10nm ~ 2 μm.
Described Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor is connected through single-mode fiber in the mode of welding, and by temperature compensation sensor welding in sensor series branch road; Many sensings series arm adopts a light source; Broadband light incides the optical fiber of connecting fiber Bragg grating hydrogen sensor through coupling mechanism, and is sent in Wavelength demodulation device by coupling mechanism by the reflected light through Fiber Bragg Grating and processes.
The centre wavelength difference 2nm ~ 30nm of each Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor described, adopts wavelength-division multiplex technique to distinguish the different centre wavelengths of different sensors.
Described Fiber Bragg Grating is using Metal Palladium as hydrogen sensitive film, and palladium film adopts magnetron sputtering plating; The composition of optical fiber is silicon dioxide, not strong with the adhesion of Metal Palladium film, there is compared with Gao Shiyi the situation that palladium film comes off at density of hydrogen, therefore, the titanium film of the method sputtering 20nm of magnetron sputtering plating was adopted at the position, grid region of Fiber Bragg Grating, with the defect that the adhesion overcoming optical fiber and Metal Palladium film is not strong before palladium plated film.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows the oil-filled transformer fault locator based on Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor of proposition, overcoming existing fault locator needs off-line to hang the shortcomings such as cover inspection, can meet the particular/special requirement that hydrogen localization of fault is produced in oil-filled transformer inside.Specifically, adopt Fiber Bragg Grating to sputter palladium film as hydrogen sensor in the present invention, this sensor adopts Wavelength demodulation, not by the impact of light intensity change.And this sensor can not work the mischief to the operation of transformer, safe and reliable.Utilize multiple hydrogen sensor welding to be composed in series series loop and three dimensional arrangement in transformer cavity, when power transformer interior fault produce hydrogen to be dissolved in transformer oil and to spread around time, the coordinates regional that the sensor that centre wavelength changes at first in three-dimension sensor series loop is corresponding is fault and produces hydrogen position.
The advantage of native system is as follows:
(1) adopt optical means, be applicable to electromagnetic environment complicated in transformer, not by the impact of electromagnetic interference (EMI).Improve measuring accuracy.
(2) real time on-line monitoring is achieved for producing the fault of hydrogen, even if also can effectively perception fault positioning trouble location in the preliminary generation state of fault.
(3) directly can be placed in transformer oil, monitoring time is short, positions timely and effectively to fault.
(4) adopt Wavelength demodulation not by the impact of the conditions such as light intensity.
(5) accurate judgement can be made for fault type and localization of fault before transformer generation catastrophic failure.Prevent fault from aggravating further, and provide advantage for the maintenance of trouble hunting personnel, can effectively find to hang the not detectable trouble location of cover inspection.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is fault locator schematic diagram in transformer oil.
Fig. 2 is sensor three dimensional arrangement figure in transformer cavity.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of oil-filled transformer fault locator based on Fiber Bragg Grating, is explained below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Figure 1 shows that fault locator schematic diagram in transformer oil.Figure 2 shows that sensor three dimensional arrangement figure in transformer cavity.In the drawings, the oil-filled transformer fault locator of described Fiber Bragg Grating adopts plating palladium-silver film as the hydrogen sensor dissolving hydrogen in oil, in the position, grid region of Fiber Bragg Grating plating palladium-silver film is as oil, specifically dissolve the Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor of hydrogen, multiple Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor to be arranged in transformer cavity on each face through single-mode fiber welding, the 3 D stereo monitoring of hydrogen is dissolved in the 3 D stereo monitoring realizing dissolving in transformer cavity hydrogen, wavelength-division multiplex technique is adopted to calculate for the data of sensor, abort situation is determined in analysis, this transformer fault locating device comprises: form light-source system by wideband light source, total photoswitch and 3 coupling mechanisms, total photoswitch connects the first photoswitch, the second photoswitch, the 3rd photoswitch and Wavelength demodulation device by 3 coupling mechanisms respectively by single-mode fiber, Wavelength demodulation device is connected with computing machine, four of first photoswitch export 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4 respectively with on transformer cavity end face 1.1,1.2 and bottom surface on 1.3,1.4 correspondingly to connect, four of second photoswitch export 2.1,2.2,2.3,2.4 respectively with on transformer cavity end face 2.1,2.2 and bottom surface on 2.3,2.4 correspondingly to connect, four of 3rd photoswitch to export on 3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4 relative with transformer cavity respectively two sides 3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4 correspondingly to connect, be composed in series sensor series branch road (as shown in Figure 2) by multiple Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensing and single temperature compensation sensor by single-mode fiber simultaneously, six faces that each sensor series branch road is arranged in transformer cavity form arrangement unit, the input of each sensor series branch road, export be fixedly connected with corresponding with each output point of the first photoswitch, the second photoswitch, the 3rd photoswitch, monitor and localization of fault for the 3 D stereo dissolving hydrogen in transformer cavity, contained by each sensor series branch road described, Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor is 4 ~ 10, the centre wavelength difference 2nm ~ 30nm of each Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor, adopts wavelength-division multiplex technique to distinguish the different centre wavelengths of different sensors.
Described light-source system controls the output of light sources by 3 coupling mechanisms, the first photoswitch, the second photoswitch and the 3rd photoswitches, to being composed in series sensor series branch road by multiple Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensing and single temperature compensation sensor by single-mode fiber and providing light source on different dimensions; Achieve many group sensor optical paths and adopt a light source; In each dimension, a corresponding photoswitch, each photoswitch all has four outputs, four ribs of each dimension of corresponding transformer.During the work of this positioning system, open at every turn or turn off an output channel of each photoswitch, and the break-make that cyclic switching light opens the light; Each photoswitch is opened and is turned off frequency not higher than 10Hz.Broadband light is through the optical fiber of the incident connecting sensor of coupling mechanism, and the reflected light through Fiber Bragg Grating is sent in (FBG) demodulator by coupling mechanism carries out processing the detection collecting unit be made up of Wavelength demodulation device and computing machine, wherein the wavelength of Wavelength demodulation device to fiber grating hydrogen gas sensor detects, and the wavelength value of sensor is sent in computing machine carries out data processing, can abort situation be determined by the wavelength variable quantity of different sensors and response time.
Described each light opens the light and only opens or turn off a passage at every turn, and shutoff is opened in four-way circulation, and each photoswitch is opened and turned off frequency not higher than 10Hz.
Fiber grating hydrogen gas sensor in the present invention obtains based on Fiber Bragg Grating preparation, and Fiber Bragg Grating can easily use wavelength-division multiplex technique multiple Bragg grating of connecting in an optical fiber to carry out distributed measurement.Multiple Bragg gratings of different reflection wavelength are along single fiber length arrangement, when each Bragg grating region is to be measured change time, the wavelength signals that each Bragg grating is launched just carries the change information of corresponding site measured physical quantity, decoded by the (FBG) demodulator of receiving end, and analyze the side-play amount of cloth loudspeaker lattice centre wavelength, thus realize real-time, the on-line monitoring to multiple location, multi-object.Hydrogen sensor in the present invention make use of the Fiber Bragg Grating principle sensitive to strain, changes hydrogen concentration in oil into stress, thus changes the centre wavelength of Fiber Bragg Grating.In the present invention, Metal Palladium is as the hydrogen sensitive film of sensor, and palladium film thickness is 10nm ~ 2 μm.Palladium is a kind of hydrogen sensitized metal, and in hydrogen environment, under the catalytic action of surface metal palladium, cracks hydrogen molecules is two hydrogen atoms and embeds in the space in palladium lattice.Inhale the palladium expansion after hydrogen and produce stress, this stress is transmitted on Fiber Bragg Grating, causes the centre wavelength of Fiber Bragg Grating to offset.The preparation of palladium film have employed the scheme of magnetron sputtering plating, and magnetron sputtering technique effectively improves the compactness extent of deposition fabric, makes preparation and the palladium film obtained and substrate have stronger adhesion.The composition of optical fiber is silicon dioxide, not strong with the adhesion of Metal Palladium film, there is compared with Gao Shiyi the situation that palladium film comes off at density of hydrogen, therefore, the titanium film of method sputtering about the 20nm of magnetron sputtering plating was adopted at the position, grid region of Fiber Bragg Grating, to improve the adhesion of Fiber Bragg Grating and palladium film before palladium plated film.
As shown in Figure 2, wherein each dimension only depicts a sensor series loop to sensor three dimensional arrangement figure in transformer cavity.Sensor in three dimensions of this positioning system constitutes the three-dimensional coordinate in transformer cavity, when producing hydrogen when breaking down in transformer, the hydrogen be dissolved in transformer oil will spread, corresponding hydrogen gas sensor in each dimension will have a sensor wavelength to start change at first, and the coordinates regional in the transformer that the sensor that three dimensions start to change at first is corresponding is fault product hydrogen point.Hydrogen gas sensor series arm be by multiple hydrogen gas sensor based on Fiber Bragg Grating by heat sealing machine through Fiber connection, series arm afterbody welding one without the bare fibre Bragg grating of plated film as temperature compensation sensor.The employing of temperature compensation sensor, compensates for the impact of environment temperature on center sensor wavelength, makes the center wavelength variation amount of sensor in the present invention only relevant with dissolve hydrogen concentration in transformer oil.
Claims (9)
1. the oil-filled transformer fault locator based on Fiber Bragg Grating, it is characterized in that, the oil-filled transformer fault locator of described Fiber Bragg Grating adopts plating palladium-silver film as the hydrogen sensor dissolving hydrogen in oil, in the position, grid region of Fiber Bragg Grating plating palladium-silver film is as oil, specifically dissolve the Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor of hydrogen, multiple Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor to be arranged in transformer cavity on each face through single-mode fiber welding, adopt wavelength-division multiplex technique, realize the 3 D stereo monitoring of dissolving hydrogen in transformer cavity, data for sensor calculate, abort situation is determined in analysis, this transformer fault locating device comprises: form light-source system by wideband light source, total photoswitch and 3 coupling mechanisms, total photoswitch connects the first photoswitch, the second photoswitch, the 3rd photoswitch and Wavelength demodulation device by 3 coupling mechanisms respectively by single-mode fiber, Wavelength demodulation device is connected with computing machine, the output of the first photoswitch, the second photoswitch, the 3rd photoswitch is separately fixed on six faces of transformer cavity, for fault locating analysis.
2. according to claim 1 based on the oil-filled transformer fault locator of Fiber Bragg Grating, it is characterized in that, described light-source system controls the output of light source by 3 coupling mechanisms, the first photoswitch, the second photoswitch and the 3rd photoswitches, provides light source to the different Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor in different spaces dimension.
3. according to claim 1 based on the oil-filled transformer fault locator of Fiber Bragg Grating, it is characterized in that, described multiple Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensing and single temperature compensation sensor are composed in series sensor branch road by single-mode fiber; These sensor series branch roads are arranged on six faces of transformer cavity, and are fixedly connected with each output of the first photoswitch, the second photoswitch, the 3rd photoswitch, for dissolving 3 D stereo monitoring and the localization of fault of hydrogen in transformer cavity.
4. according to claim 1 based on the oil-filled transformer fault locator of Fiber Bragg Grating, it is characterized in that, described Wavelength demodulation device and computing machine composition detect collecting unit, wherein the wavelength of Wavelength demodulation device to fiber grating hydrogen gas sensor detects, and the wavelength value of sensor is sent in computing machine carries out data processing, can abort situation be determined by the wavelength variable quantity of different fiber grating hydrogen gas sensor and response time.
5. according to claim 1 based on the oil-filled transformer fault locator of Fiber Bragg Grating, it is characterized in that, contained by each sensor series branch road, Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor is 4 ~ 20.
6. according to claim 1 based on the oil-filled transformer fault locator of Fiber Bragg Grating, it is characterized in that, described Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor is connected through single-mode fiber in the mode of welding, and by temperature compensation sensor welding in sensor series branch road; Many sensings series arm adopts a light source; Broadband light incides the optical fiber of connecting fiber Bragg grating hydrogen sensor through coupling mechanism, and is sent in Wavelength demodulation device by coupling mechanism by the reflected light through Fiber Bragg Grating and processes.
7. according to claim 1 based on the oil-filled transformer fault locator of Fiber Bragg Grating, it is characterized in that, the centre wavelength difference 0.5nm ~ 30nm of each Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor described, adopts wavelength-division multiplex technique to distinguish the different centre wavelengths of different sensors.
8. according to claim 1 based on the oil-filled transformer fault locator of Fiber Bragg Grating, it is characterized in that, the Fiber Bragg Grating of described Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen sensor is using Metal Palladium as hydrogen sensitive film, and palladium alloy membrane thickness is 10nm ~ 2 μm.
9. according to claim 1 based on the oil-filled transformer fault locator of Fiber Bragg Grating, it is characterized in that, described Fiber Bragg Grating is using Metal Palladium as hydrogen sensitive film, and palladium film adopts magnetron sputtering plating; The composition of optical fiber is silicon dioxide, not strong with the adhesion of Metal Palladium film, there is compared with Gao Shiyi the situation that palladium film comes off at density of hydrogen, therefore, the titanium film of the method sputtering 5 ~ 20nm of magnetron sputtering plating was adopted at the position, grid region of Fiber Bragg Grating, with the defect that the adhesion overcoming optical fiber and Metal Palladium film is not strong before palladium plated film.
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