CN104792715A - Fiber bragg grating hydrogen sensor used for detecting hydrogen in transformer oil - Google Patents
Fiber bragg grating hydrogen sensor used for detecting hydrogen in transformer oil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of detection of electric equipment and particularly relates to a fiber bragg grating hydrogen sensor used for detecting hydrogen in transformer oil. A side edge polished fiber bragg grating is used as a substrate, and a palladium-silver alloy and a pure metal palladium film are used as hydrogen-sensitive thin films; hydrogen concentration of the environment is converted into stress by using a principle that the hydrogen-sensitive thin films are reacted with the hydrogen and the hydrogen absorption volume is expanded; the hydrogen-sensitive thin films are tightly combined with the substrate so that the strain generated on the hydrogen-sensitive thin films is conducted to the substrate to be converted into an offset of a central wavelength; and the hydrogen concentration value in the environment can be detected through detecting the offset of the central wavelength or the amplitude of transmitted beam intensity. The fiber bragg grating hydrogen sensor has the advantages that an optical method is adopted so that the fiber bragg grating hydrogen sensor is suitable for a complicated electromagnetic environment in a transformer and is not influenced by electromagnetic interferences, and the measurement precision is improved; the electromagnetic interference is safe and reliable and can be directly arranged in the transformer oil; and oil-gas separation is not needed so that the real-time monitoring can be realized and the monitoring precision is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric device maintenance technical field, particularly relating to a kind of Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen gas sensor for detecting hydrogen in transformer oil.
Background technology
Large-scale power transformer plays the pivotal role connecting different electric pressure electrical network in electric system, and the stable and safety of its operational reliability and electric system is closely related.At present, the transformer of China overwhelming majority is oil-filled transformer, and transformer oil utilizes natural oil through distillation, refining and a kind of mineral oil of obtaining, and its chemical composition is mainly alkane, naphthenic hydrocarbon and fragrant unsaturated hydrocarbon.When there is initial failure or form new fault gradually in inside transformer, insulating material is because of electricity, heat, oxidation or the many factors effect such as local arc, its deterioration process is accelerated greatly, the gas production rate of low molecular weight gas and gas production rate are obvious gradually, the gas generated constantly accumulates in oil, and through convection current, diffusion and constantly dissolving.During inside transformer generation discharging fault, due to the difference of discharge energy density, the gas composition that insulating oil decomposites is not quite similar: under low-yield fault, as shelf depreciation, and the key component of gas is hydrogen, is secondly methane.When spark discharge and arc discharge, gas is based on hydrogen and acetylene.As can be seen here, transformer initial failure is as faint shelf depreciation or low temperature hot spot phenomenon, and the major failure gas of generation is hydrogen, therefore analyzes transformer initial failure tool by monitoring hydrogen amount and is of great significance.
The gas chromatography of oil dissolved gas, because its advantage such as efficient, sensitive had is in Fault Diagnosis for Electrical Equipment with ensure that in power equipment safety economical operation, gas chromatography has irreplaceable effect.But drawbacks such as utilizing vapor-phase chromatography to detect oil dissolved gas, from drawing oil sample-overall process of gas-oil separation-stratographic analysis, also exist that link is many, complicated operation, test period are long, inevitably will cause larger experimental error.Analyze because oil chromatogram analysis needs that transformer oil is delivered to testing laboratory, do not have ageing, for developing, fault reaction is faster not prompt enough, is difficult to give full play to supervision effect.Trend towards the on-line monitoring of oil dissolved gas in recent years, make up chromatographic deficiency.
Dissolve in existing oil hydrogen on-line detecting system gordian technique be separation and the gas detect mode of in oil, dissolving hydrogen.Film osmosis process can be divided into according to oil dissolved gas isolation technics, vacuum-pumping type gets gas method.According to the difference of used detector, palladium gate field-effect transistor sensor type, catalytic combustion sensor type, semiconductor type sensor type etc. can be divided into.
Dissolve hydrogen on-line monitoring system in existing oil substantially all to need to carry out gas-oil separation, the real-time status in testing result and oil has certain difference, and gas-oil separation needs the regular hour, makes the ageing reduction of on-line monitoring.Most of on-Line Monitor Device needs use to purify air, nitrogen etc. does carrier gas, and consume the oil dissolved gas of deviating from, this adds the complicacy of system on the one hand, on the other hand detection can only be interrupted to carry out, and repeatedly can not detect same gas sample, the measuring error that detecting device and testing environment bring cannot be reduced.The detectors such as catalytic combustion sensor are in Long-Time Service, and its performance can change gradually, so that need periodic calibration or replacing, which increase the operating cost of on-Line Monitor Device.By the restriction of carrier gas purity, detector, gas detect sensitivity and precision not high enough.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the defect that existing monitoring means exists, to meet in oil-immersed power transformer interior oil the particular/special requirement of dissolving hydrogen monitoring, the present invention proposes a kind of Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen gas sensor for detecting hydrogen in transformer oil, comprising: Fiber Bragg Grating, adhesion layer, sensing layer; Wherein, be form D font cylinder after the rubbing down of cylindrical side with a certain section of Fiber Bragg Grating, the tabular surface of D font cylinder is rubbing down face, retain certain distance between rubbing down face and the fibre core of Fiber Bragg Grating, the space between the occluding surface that the periphery of D font cylinder and tabular surface are formed and the fibre core of Fiber Bragg Grating is the covering of Fiber Bragg Grating; With rubbing down face for substrate, physical connection adhesion layer and sensing layer successively;
The extraneous stress that optical fiber itself can be subject to by Fiber Bragg Grating or temperature inversion become the variable quantity of wavelength, and the covering of Fiber Bragg Grating can convert the strain of axis to bending strain, improve the sensitivity of sensor;
Adhesion layer respectively with rubbing down face and the sensing layer physical contact of Fiber Bragg Grating, for connecting the rubbing down face of sensing layer and Fiber Bragg Grating and transmitting strain, improve physical construction stability and the long-term reliability of sensor;
Sensing layer directly contacts with adhesion layer, be soaked in transformer oil, absorb by the quick material of hydrogen the hydrogen molecule that dissolves in transformer oil and volumetric expansion occurs, being then deflected into Fiber Bragg Grating by adhesion layer transmission, the wavelength amount measured is offset.
Described sensing layer is a kind of hydrogen sensitive film of compound, comprises from inside to outside: palldium alloy film and pure palladium film; Palldium alloy film, with adhesion layer physical connection, improves the hydrogen permeability of sensor; Pure palladium film, sensor outermost layer and be connected with palldium alloy thin film physics, ensure the sensor speed of response and sensitivity; Wherein, the metal material in palldium alloy except palladium comprise in silver, gold, yttrium, ruthenium, boron, cerium, copper, nickel, chromium one or more.
Described adhesion layer comprises from inside to outside: Kapton and titanium film; Kapton is high-molecular organic material, prevents coming off of sensing layer, does not reduce the sensitivity of hydrogen gas sensor simultaneously; Titanium film, strengthens sensing layer and is connected with the positive mechanical of Kapton.
Described Fiber Bragg Grating covering be 5 μm ~ 40 μm by the remaining thickness after mechanical polishing.
Described sensing layer only carries out the preparation of film on rubbing down face, and in preparation process, have employed the mode being fixed to and substrate prevents the back side sputtered, ensures only plated film on rubbing down face.
Described palldium alloy film and pure palladium film all adopt the method for magnetron sputtering prepare and obtain, and wherein the preparation of palldium alloy film adopts the mode of spattering altogether, and in palldium alloy film, the mass ratio of palladium is not less than 20%.
Described palldium alloy film thickness scope is between 50 ~ 800nm, and the thickness range of pure palladium film is between 10 ~ 600nm.
Described titanium film thickness scope is between 5 ~ 50nm, and Kapton thickness range is between 0 ~ 10 μm.
Described hydrogen gas sensor is arranged in transformer oil together with temperature compensation sensor, and is connected with computing machine by (FBG) demodulator, (FBG) demodulator as sensor light source and the reflected light of receiving sensor carries out demodulation analysis; Hydrogen gas sensor is for detecting the density of hydrogen in transformer oil, and temperature compensation sensor is used for the impact of compensate for ambient temperature for hydrogen gas sensor center wavelength variation amount.
Described hydrogen gas sensor is arranged in transformer oil together with temperature compensation sensor, hydrogen gas sensor one end is connected with narrow-band light source by single-mode fiber, the other end is connected with photodetector by single-mode fiber, and photodetector, narrow-band light source are connected with oscillograph respectively; Narrow-band light source by single-mode fiber to hydrogen gas sensor Emission Lasers, after hydrogen gas sensor detects hydrogen, hydrogen-absorbing material volumetric expansion, corresponding transmitted spectrum generation translation, the light intensity signal that photodetector detects converts electric signal to and realizes density of hydrogen by the output intersection value waveform of oscilloscope measurement narrow-band light source and hydrogen gas sensor Fiber Bragg Grating transmitted spectrum and detect, and temperature compensation sensor controls narrow-band light source by computing machine and is used for the impact of compensate for ambient temperature for hydrogen gas sensor center wavelength variation amount.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) adopt optical means, be applicable to electromagnetic environment complicated in transformer, not by the impact of electromagnetic interference (EMI), improve measuring accuracy.
(2) the method is safe and reliable, can not have an impact to the normal operation of transformer.
(3) directly can be placed in transformer oil, not need gas-oil separation, can Real-Time Monitoring be accomplished and improve the degree of accuracy of monitoring.
(4) adopt Wavelength demodulation not by the impact of the conditions such as light intensity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 dissolves hydrogen on-line monitoring system schematic diagram in oil.
Fig. 2 is hydrogen gas sensor configuration schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is magnetron sputtering arrangenent diagram when preparing hydrogen gas sensor.
Fig. 4 is the system schematic that the present invention adopts light-intensity test mode monitoring hydrogen concentration.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that the present invention adopts light-intensity test mode monitoring hydrogen concentration.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, preferred embodiment is described in detail.
The present invention is intended to propose a kind of Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen gas sensor for detecting hydrogen in transformer oil, utilizes the Fiber Bragg Grating of Side polishing fiber as substrate, using palladium-silver and simple metal palladium as hydrogen sensitive film.Be described in detail from the global design of device and key link:
(1) global design
Hydrogen gas sensor based on Fiber Bragg Grating proposed by the invention, it is for dissolving the overall system architecture schematic diagram of hydrogen detection as shown in Figure 1 in transformer oil, this system forms primarily of (FBG) demodulator and sensor, (FBG) demodulator as sensor light source and the reflected light of receiving sensor carries out demodulation analysis.Hydrogen gas sensor is for detecting the density of hydrogen in transformer oil, and temperature compensation sensor is used for the impact of compensate for ambient temperature for hydrogen gas sensor center wavelength variation amount.Hydrogen gas sensor and temperature compensation sensor are being installed near oil flow place as far as possible, arrive pick-up unit as early as possible to ensure to dissolve in the oil that inside transformer produces because of fault hydrogen and are detected.
(2) structure of hydrogen gas sensor in the present invention
Dissolve hydrogen gas sensor configuration in oil in the present invention as shown in Figure 2, be that the Fiber Bragg Grating of 125 μm is placed in Side polishing fiber system by diameter, rubbing down is carried out to position, grid region.Grid region core centre after rubbing down is referred to as remaining thickness to the distance in rubbing down face.Fiber Bragg Grating after Side polishing fiber to the sensitivity of Bending Deformation far away higher than the conventional fiber Bragg grating without rubbing down, the present invention's utilization is plated hydrogen sensitive film and is changed density of hydrogen into bending strain on rubbing down face, improves the sensitivity of hydrogen gas sensor with this.1 ~ 2 order of magnitude can be improved in theory with the sensitivity of the fiber grating of the side-polished fiber Bragg grating more non-rubbing down of hydrogen gas sensor that is substrate the hydrogen gas sensor that is substrate, actual test case, can reach with the sensitivity of the non-rubbing down Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen gas sensor more than 3 times that is substrate.
First rubbing down face is coating one deck Kapton, Kapton insulating property are good, and high temperature resistant, resistance to chemical attack, is applicable to complex environment in transformer cavity.Coating polyimide does not affect the sensitivity of sensor, and polyimide has strong viscosity, adopts coating polyimide to prevent coming off of hydrogen sensor.The adhesion act as between increase palladium-silver film and optical fiber of titanium film.For palladium-silver closes film on titanium film, adding of silver element, the expansion of lattice can be caused, improve and ooze hydrogen speed and reduce the response time of inhaling hydrogen process, thus improve the sensitivity of palladium-silver under low concentration.Outermost layer is simple metal palladium film, and hydrogen molecule is decomposed into two hydrogen atoms and is dissolved in Metal Palladium under the catalytic action of Metal Palladium.Volumetric expansion after palladium suction hydrogen, thus at the raw stress of Fiber Bragg Grating mountain products, density of hydrogen is higher, palladium volumetric expansion is larger, the stress that grid region receives is also larger, and grating wavelength variable quantity is also larger, therefore can be reacted the situation of change of density of hydrogen by the variable quantity of inspection center's wavelength.
(2) preparation of hydrogen gas sensor in the present invention
Be the Fiber Bragg Grating alcohol washes of 5 ~ 40 μm by the remaining thickness after Side polishing fiber, remove impurity on rubbing down face and on rubbing down face coating polyimide.Then be arranged in plated film substrate, it is arranged as shown in Figure 3.Rubbing down is towards upper layout and fix by ultraviolet glue, the layout of sample during to facilitate sputtering, and is splashed to the optical fiber back side when preventing magnetron sputtering plating.Prevent from being splashed to side at both sides immobilization with adhesive tape two bare fibres of the side-polished fiber Bragg grating that need sputter or other shelters, ensure that only sputtered metal film on rubbing down face.Be fixed on sample carrier by above-mentioned substrate, be placed in magnetron sputtering coating system, before arranging plated film, base vacuum is 5 × 10
-4pa.Sputter gas selects argon gas, and airshed is 20sccm.Regulate the self-bias of radio frequency adaptation, select sputtering gear, the numerical value regulating self-bias is 40V, carries out pre-sputtering 10min to various metal, the impurity on removing surface.Arrange sample holder rotation, the speed of rotation is about 30r/min, ensures the even of sputtered film.The power settings < 1W (avoid backwash, backwash can damage film as far as possible, reduces growth rate, waste palladium material) of backwash.First sputter titanium film and be about 10nm.Adopt the mode of spattering altogether to sputter 400nm palladium-silver, ratio is 3:1, sputters pure palladium film 160nm subsequently again.
(3) the present invention adopts the method monitoring hydrogen concentration of light-intensity test
As shown in Figure 4, this system is primarily of narrow-band light source, hydrogen gas sensor, photodetector, oscillograph forms, narrow-band light source by single-mode fiber to hydrogen gas sensor Emission Lasers, when FBG hydrogen gas sensor is positioned in hydrogen environment, hydrogen-absorbing material volumetric expansion, can translation be there is in corresponding transmitted spectrum, and the laser of narrowband amplitude exported and wavelength are all fixing, now, the light intensity signal that photodetector detects will change, photodetector converts light intensity signal to electric signal and observes waveform by oscillograph, because what photodetector was measured is the LASER Light Source of arrowband and the output intersection value of FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) transmitted spectrum, i.e. place shown in dotted line in Fig. 5.If light intensity variable quantity is larger, illustrate that FBG side-play amount is larger, corresponding hydrogen concentration change is more.Therefore, the detection that can realize hydrogen concentration by demodulation light intensity value.Temperature compensation sensor is used for the impact of compensate for ambient temperature for hydrogen gas sensor center wavelength variation amount.Hydrogen gas sensor and temperature compensation sensor are being installed near oil flow place as far as possible, arrive pick-up unit as early as possible to ensure to dissolve in the oil that inside transformer produces because of fault hydrogen and are detected.
High sensitivity optical fiber Bragg grating hydrogen gas sensor in the transformer oil proposed in the present invention, overcome existing Chromatographic Analysis of Transformer oil and need the shortcomings such as gas-oil separation, the particular/special requirement of dissolving hydrogen Concentration Testing in oil-filled transformer interior oil can be met.Specifically, adopt polyimide to prevent coming off of hydrogen sensitive film in the present invention, adopt titanium film to strengthen the adhesion of hydrogen sensitive film and optical fiber, the stress that hydrogen sensitive film is produced effectively is transmitted on rubbing down face, grid region.Fiber Bragg Grating sputtering palladium film and palladium-silver film are as hydrogen sensor, and this sensor adopts Wavelength demodulation, not by the impact of light intensity change.And this sensor can not work the mischief to the operation of transformer, safe and reliable.
On technological layer, advantage of the present invention has 3 points: (1) does not need gas-oil separation.Existing on-line monitoring method all needs to carry out gas-oil separation substantially, and in the oil in the present invention, dissolved hydrogen gas sensor is arranged in transformer cavity and can realizes dissolving density of hydrogen in oil and detect in real time, improves accuracy in detection.(2) anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong.If this sensor main is realized hydrogen sensing by the demodulation of light, show that its anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong through reality test, normally can work in the electromagnetic environment of complexity.Be applicable to electromagnetic environment complicated in transformer.(3) highly sensitive, sensor in the present invention have employed side-polished fiber Bragg grating, it is highly sensitive in different fiber gratings to strain, and adopts the multilayer film of palladium-silver and pure palladium film effectively to improve the sensitivity of sensor as hydrogen sensitive film.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (10)
1., for detecting a Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen gas sensor for hydrogen in transformer oil, it is characterized in that, comprise: Fiber Bragg Grating, adhesion layer, sensing layer; Wherein, be form D font cylinder after the rubbing down of cylindrical side with a certain section of Fiber Bragg Grating, the tabular surface of D font cylinder is rubbing down face, retain certain distance between rubbing down face and the fibre core of Fiber Bragg Grating, the space between the occluding surface that the periphery of D font cylinder and tabular surface are formed and the fibre core of Fiber Bragg Grating is the covering of Fiber Bragg Grating; With rubbing down face for substrate, physical connection adhesion layer and sensing layer successively;
The extraneous stress that optical fiber itself can be subject to by Fiber Bragg Grating or temperature inversion become the variable quantity of wavelength, and the covering of Fiber Bragg Grating can convert the strain of axis to bending strain, improve the sensitivity of sensor;
Adhesion layer respectively with rubbing down face and the sensing layer physical contact of Fiber Bragg Grating, for connecting the rubbing down face of sensing layer and Fiber Bragg Grating and transmitting strain, improve physical construction stability and the long-term reliability of sensor;
Sensing layer directly contacts with adhesion layer, be soaked in transformer oil, absorb by the quick material of hydrogen the hydrogen molecule that dissolves in transformer oil and volumetric expansion occurs, then be deflected into Fiber Bragg Grating by adhesion layer transmission, the wavelength amount of measurement generation skew or transmitted light intensity are changed.
2. hydrogen gas sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sensing layer is a kind of hydrogen sensitive film of compound, comprises from inside to outside: palldium alloy film and pure palladium film; Palldium alloy film, with adhesion layer physical connection, improves the hydrogen permeability of sensor; Pure palladium film, sensor outermost layer and be connected with palldium alloy thin film physics, ensure the sensor speed of response and sensitivity; Wherein, the metal material in palldium alloy except palladium comprise in silver, gold, yttrium, ruthenium, boron, cerium, copper, nickel, chromium one or more.
3. hydrogen gas sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described adhesion layer comprises from inside to outside: Kapton and titanium film; Kapton is high-molecular organic material, prevents coming off of sensing layer, does not reduce the sensitivity of hydrogen gas sensor simultaneously; Titanium film, strengthens sensing layer and is connected with the positive mechanical of Kapton.
4. hydrogen gas sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Fiber Bragg Grating covering be 5 μm ~ 40 μm by the remaining thickness after mechanical polishing.
5. hydrogen gas sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sensing layer only carries out the preparation of film on rubbing down face, and in preparation process, have employed the mode being fixed to and substrate prevents the back side sputtered, ensures only plated film on rubbing down face.
6. hydrogen gas sensor according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described palldium alloy film and pure palladium film all adopt the method for magnetron sputtering prepare and obtain, and wherein the preparation of palldium alloy film adopts the mode of spattering altogether, and in palldium alloy film, the mass ratio of palladium is not less than 20%.
7. hydrogen gas sensor according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described palldium alloy film thickness scope is between 50 ~ 800nm, and the thickness range of pure palladium film is between 10 ~ 600nm.
8. hydrogen gas sensor according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described titanium film thickness scope is between 5 ~ 50nm, and Kapton thickness range is between 0 ~ 10 μm.
9. hydrogen gas sensor according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8, it is characterized in that, described hydrogen gas sensor is arranged in transformer oil together with temperature compensation sensor, and be connected with computing machine by (FBG) demodulator, (FBG) demodulator as sensor light source and the reflected light of receiving sensor carries out demodulation analysis; Hydrogen gas sensor is for detecting the density of hydrogen in transformer oil, and temperature compensation sensor is used for the impact of compensate for ambient temperature for hydrogen gas sensor center wavelength variation amount.
10. hydrogen gas sensor according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8, it is characterized in that, described hydrogen gas sensor is arranged in transformer oil together with temperature compensation sensor, hydrogen gas sensor one end is connected with narrow-band light source by single-mode fiber, the other end is connected with photodetector by single-mode fiber, and photodetector, narrow-band light source are connected with oscillograph respectively; Narrow-band light source by single-mode fiber to hydrogen gas sensor Emission Lasers, after hydrogen gas sensor detects hydrogen, hydrogen-absorbing material volumetric expansion, corresponding transmitted spectrum generation translation, the light intensity signal that photodetector detects converts electric signal to and realizes density of hydrogen by the output intersection value waveform of oscilloscope measurement narrow-band light source and hydrogen gas sensor Fiber Bragg Grating transmitted spectrum and detect, and temperature compensation sensor controls narrow-band light source by computing machine and is used for the impact of compensate for ambient temperature for hydrogen gas sensor center wavelength variation amount.
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| CN108139196A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2018-06-08 | 美蓓亚三美株式会社 | The manufacturing method of deformeter, load cell and deformeter |
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| US10408995B1 (en) | 2016-07-15 | 2019-09-10 | Sentek Instrument, Llc | Optical sensing fiber |
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| CN107607218B (en) * | 2017-09-02 | 2020-06-09 | 重庆黄葛树智能传感器研究院有限公司 | FBG (fiber Bragg Grating) hydrogen sensor for simultaneously measuring temperature and concentration and preparation method thereof |
| WO2019080049A1 (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-02 | 深圳大学 | Temperature sensor based on surface plasma resonance and production method thereof |
| CN107525605A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2017-12-29 | 深圳大学 | A kind of temperature sensor based on surface plasma body resonant vibration and preparation method thereof |
| CN108917637A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2018-11-30 | 中国计量大学 | Sensor based on hydrogen in D-type optical fiber grating measuring transformer oil |
| CN108896495A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-11-27 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | A kind of environmental protection insulating gas and metal phase capacitive experiment simulator and test method |
| CN108896495B (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2024-04-12 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Environment-friendly insulating gas and metal compatibility test simulation device and test method |
| CN110927113A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-03-27 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Fiber integrated hydrogen sensor and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113310596A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-27 | 南京力通达电气技术有限公司 | System and method for monitoring gas and temperature in transformer oil based on pure optical fiber sensing |
| CN114235686A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-03-25 | 安徽伯华氢能源科技有限公司 | Optical fiber type palladium-based film hydrogen sensing system and sensor with amorphous structure |
| CN114414485A (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-04-29 | 浙江树人学院（浙江树人大学） | Hydrogen detector based on elastic optical fiber |
| CN114414485B (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2023-12-05 | 浙江树人学院（浙江树人大学） | Hydrogen detector based on elastic optical fiber |
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