CN111579816B - Acceleration measuring instrument based on photoelectric oscillator - Google Patents
Acceleration measuring instrument based on photoelectric oscillator Download PDFInfo
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- CN111579816B CN111579816B CN202010409240.2A CN202010409240A CN111579816B CN 111579816 B CN111579816 B CN 111579816B CN 202010409240 A CN202010409240 A CN 202010409240A CN 111579816 B CN111579816 B CN 111579816B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P15/093—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by photoelectric pick-up
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Abstract
The invention discloses an acceleration measuring instrument based on a photoelectric oscillator, which comprises a photoelectric oscillation loop consisting of a wide-spectrum light source, a modulator, a fiber bragg grating, a microwave amplifier, a microwave filter and a photoelectric detector. The structure senses acceleration change through the fiber bragg grating pasted on the cantilever beam: the acceleration change causes the deformation of the fiber grating, which causes the change of the central wavelength thereof, which determines the fundamental frequency f of the resonant cavity of the photoelectric oscillation circuit 0 At this time, the detection accuracy of the fundamental frequency is the acceleration measurement accuracy. Then, by using the accumulation amplification principle, when the resonant cavity oscillates at higher harmonic, the actual resonant frequency f N =Nf 0 The change of the fundamental frequency is amplified by N times, and high measurement accuracy can be achieved. The invention has the beneficial effects that: has an extremely simple structure and excellent phase noise performance; the OEO is utilized to convert the wavelength change of the fiber bragg grating into the frequency change of a microwave signal, and the accumulation amplification principle is utilized, so that the high sensing resolution can be achieved, and the reliability is high.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to acceleration measurement systems, and in particular to an acceleration measurement instrument based on an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO).
Background
Acceleration measurement is generally to measure acceleration change indirectly through the vibration of proof mass, converts the vibration information that acceleration change arouses into other parameters, extracts it again, and traditional acceleration sensor has multiple types such as piezoelectricity formula, piezoresistive formula, capacitanc, but traditional acceleration sensor sensitivity is low, easily receives electromagnetism, the interference of temperature, introduces some errors easily, so hardly realize the accurate measurement to acceleration. With the development of optical fiber technology, acceleration measurement based on fiber bragg gratings can effectively solve the problems, so that the fiber bragg gratings have important application in the fields of automobiles, ships, bridges, aerospace, military and the like.
The fiber grating is a reflection type grating, the central wavelength of the fiber grating is sensitive to the change of factors such as external temperature, stress strain and the like, acceleration information can be obtained through central wavelength modulation, and then the wavelength change is demodulated out, but optical demodulation equipment (such as a spectrometer and the like) is expensive and is generally commonly used in a laboratory and limits the wide application of the optical demodulation equipment, so that how to demodulate the wavelength change of the fiber grating becomes a research focus at home and abroad. Currently, the commonly used fiber grating wavelength demodulation technologies are mainly classified into two types: filtering methods and interference methods. The filtering method is to convert the wavelength change into the intensity change and construct a tunable optical filter, and mainly comprises a matched grating detection method, a tunable filtering detection method, an edge filter detection method, a charge coupler array method, a wavelength tunable light source demodulation method and the like. Although this method is relatively simple, it is difficult to further improve the sensing accuracy. The interference method uses the coherence of light waves, that is, converts the drift amount of the wavelength into the phase change amount to measure, and the actual application thereof mainly includes unbalanced mach-zehnder interference method, michelson interference method, and the like. The method has high detection sensitivity and resolution, but is easily interfered by the change of the external temperature environment and vibration or jitter, and has strict requirements on the demodulation working environment. The two types of demodulation methods mainly aim at signals with relatively low frequency (within KHz), but in some special fields, signals with high-speed change (mHz level) need to be measured, and the requirement on sensing resolution is relatively high. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have proposed some new demodulation methods to convert the optical domain sensing information into the microwave domain, and there are two main methods: one converts fiber grating wavelength variations into microwave signal frequency variations and the other converts fiber grating wavelength variations into intensity variations. In comparison, the method for converting the wavelength change of the fiber bragg grating into the frequency change of the microwave signal can achieve higher sensing resolution and higher reliability.
An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is a novel oscillator developed in recent years, can generate microwave signals with ultralow phase noise, has high output spectral purity which can reach the mHz magnitude, and therefore acceleration change is converted into the change of the frequency of the generated microwave signals by utilizing an OEO structure, and the sensing resolution is favorably improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides an acceleration measuring instrument based on an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO), which utilizes the sensitivity of the resonant wavelength of the fiber bragg grating to the change of external temperature, strain, refractive index, concentration and the like, simultaneously uses the fiber bragg grating as a sensing element and a filter unit in the OEO, builds a most basic optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) structure, when the external acceleration to be measured is changed, the wavelength of the fiber bragg grating is changed along with the change of the resonant wavelength, and the central wavelength determines the fundamental frequency f of the resonant cavity 0 At this time, the detection accuracy of the fundamental frequency is the acceleration measurement accuracy. Then, by using the accumulation amplification principle, when the resonant cavity oscillates at higher harmonic, the actual resonant frequency f N =Nf 0 The change of the fundamental frequency is amplified by N times, and the acceleration to be measured can be calculated by observing the output microwave signals.
In order to solve the technical problem, the acceleration measuring instrument based on the photoelectric oscillator comprises a modulator arranged along the emission direction of a wide-spectrum light source, wherein an optical signal output by the modulator enters a fiber bragg grating after passing through a first port and a second port of a three-port circulator; and a photoelectric oscillation circuit is arranged between the third port of the three-port optical circulator and the modulator, and light reflected from the fiber bragg grating passes through the third port of the three-port optical circulator and is fed back to the microwave modulation port of the modulator through the photoelectric oscillation circuit.
Furthermore, the acceleration measuring instrument based on the photoelectric oscillator of the invention is characterized in that the photoelectric oscillation circuit is composed of a photoelectric detector, a first microwave amplifier, a microwave filter, a second microwave amplifier and an electric coupler, wherein the photoelectric detector, the first microwave amplifier, the microwave filter, the second microwave amplifier and the electric coupler are arranged between a third port of the three-port optical circulator and the modulator; the light reflected back from the fiber grating passes through the third port of the three-port circulator and is fed back to the microwave modulation port of the modulator through the photoelectric oscillation loop, and the light reflected back from the fiber grating enters the photoelectric detector through the third port of the three-port circulator; the photoelectric detector converts the optical signal into an electric signal, the electric signal is amplified by the first microwave amplifier, the amplified electric signal is amplified by the second microwave amplifier after passing through the microwave filter, and the amplified electric signal is fed back to the microwave modulation port of the modulator through the electric coupler.
The fiber bragg grating is adhered to a cantilever beam, a weight is connected to the free end of the cantilever beam, external force is applied to the weight, the weight is accelerated, accordingly, the cantilever beam is deformed, the central wavelength of the fiber bragg grating is changed, and finally, the resonant cavity fundamental frequency f of the photoelectric oscillation circuit is changed 0 (ii) a One end of the electric coupler is connected with the modulator, the other end of the electric coupler is connected with an external electric spectrum instrument, and the output microwave signals are observed through the electric spectrum instrument.
The wide-spectrum light source is a semiconductor wide-spectrum light source or an EDFA-based wide-spectrum light source.
In the invention, the fiber grating is simultaneously used as a sensing element and a filtering unit in a photoelectric oscillation circuit, wherein the central wavelength calculation formula of the fiber grating is as follows:
λ=2n eff Λ (1)
in the formula (1), lambda is the central wavelength of the fiber grating, lambda is the grating period, n eff Is the effective refractive index of the fiber grating;
when the external acceleration a to be measured changes, the fiber bragg grating deforms, and the formula (4) is obtained according to the formula (2) and the formula (3):
in the formulas (2), (3) and (4), λ is the central wavelength of the fiber grating, P ε The elasto-optic coefficient of the optical fiber, epsilon is the stress of the fiber grating, a is the acceleration to be measured, F is the external force applied on the test weight, m is the mass of the test weight, E is the elastic modulus of the cantilever beam, and S is the sectional area of the cantilever beam;
actual resonant frequency f of the opto-electronic resonant circuit N The mode selection is carried out through a microwave filter, and the following conditions are met:
f N =Nf 0 (5)
in the formula (5), N is a natural number; f. of 0 Is the resonant cavity fundamental frequency of the photoelectric oscillation circuit, and f is obtained by observing the output microwave signal with an external spectrometer N The change delta lambda of the central wavelength of the fiber grating is obtained by using the relation between the frequency and the wavelength, and finally the acceleration a to be measured is obtained by using the formula (4).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) structure, utilizes the advantage of high measurement resolution of microwave signals generated by the optoelectronic oscillator, applies the accumulation amplification principle to acceleration measurement, and amplifies the measured change by 10 5 ~10 6 And the high sensing resolution is achieved, and the reliability is high.
(2) The invention converts the wavelength change of the fiber bragg grating into the frequency change of the microwave signal, can carry out rapid information extraction and processing on an electric domain, and can realize high-resolution and high-speed sensing demodulation.
(3) The measuring instrument is simple and easy to operate, has lower cost compared with optical demodulation equipment, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an acceleration measuring instrument based on an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) according to the present invention;
in the figure:
1-wide spectrum light source 2-modulator 3-three-port optical circulator 4-photoelectric detector
5-first microwave amplifier 6-microwave filter 7-second microwave amplifier 8-electric coupler
9-fiber grating.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
As shown in fig. 1, the acceleration measuring instrument based on an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) according to the present invention includes a modulator 2 disposed along an emitting direction of a wide-spectrum light source 1, a direct current optical signal output by the wide-spectrum light source 1 is injected into the modulator 2, and an optical signal output by the modulator 2 enters a fiber grating 9 after passing through a first port 3a and a second port 3b of a three-port circulator 3; a photoelectric oscillation circuit is arranged between the third port 3c of the three-port optical circulator 3 and the modulator 2, and light reflected from the fiber grating 9 passes through the third port 3c of the three-port circulator 3 and is fed back to the microwave modulation port of the modulator 2 through the photoelectric oscillation circuit.
The photoelectric oscillation circuit consists of a photoelectric detector 4, a first microwave amplifier 5, a microwave filter 6, a second microwave amplifier 7 and an electric coupler 8 which are arranged between a third port 3c of the three-port optical circulator 3 and the modulator 2; the light reflected from the fiber grating 9 is fed back to the microwave modulation port of the modulator 2 through the third port 3c of the three-port circulator 3 by the photoelectric oscillation circuit, and the light reflected from the fiber grating 9 enters the photoelectric detector 4 through the third port 3c of the three-port circulator 3; the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal by the photoelectric detector 4 and then amplified by the first microwave amplifier 5, the amplified electrical signal is amplified by the second microwave amplifier 7 after passing through the microwave filter 6, and the amplified electrical signal is fed back to the microwave modulation port of the modulator 2 through the electric coupler 8, so that a closed photoelectric oscillation loop is formed.
The fiber grating 9 is adhered to a cantilever beamThe free end of the cantilever beam is connected with a heavy object, external force is applied to the heavy object to enable the heavy object to generate acceleration, so that the cantilever beam is deformed, the fiber bragg grating 9 is pasted on the cantilever beam to sense acceleration change, then the central wavelength of the fiber bragg grating 9 is changed, and finally the resonant cavity fundamental frequency f of the photoelectric oscillation circuit is changed 0 (ii) a One end of the electric coupler 8 is connected with the modulator 2, the other end of the electric coupler 8 is connected with an external electric spectrometer, and output microwave signals are observed through the external electric spectrometer connected with the other end of the electric coupler.
In the invention, the wide-spectrum light source 1 may be a semiconductor wide-spectrum light source or an EDFA-based wide-spectrum light source, and the small signal gains of the first microwave amplifier 5 and the second microwave amplifier 6 are both 30dB to provide sufficient gain for the oscillation starting of the photoelectric oscillation circuit.
The design concept of the invention is to convert the wavelength change of the fiber bragg grating into the frequency change of a microwave signal, construct a most basic optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) structure, and simultaneously use the fiber bragg grating 9 as a sensing element and a filtering unit in the OEO, wherein the central wavelength calculation formula of the fiber bragg grating 9 is as follows:
λ=2n eff Λ (1)
in the formula (1), lambda is the central wavelength of the fiber grating, lambda is the grating period, n eff Is the effective refractive index of the fiber grating;
when the external acceleration to be measured changes, the fiber grating 9 deforms, the grating constant Λ of the fiber grating 9 changes, so that the output wavelength of the fiber grating changes, and according to the relation between the grating wavelength and the strain change and the relation between the acceleration and the strain in the elastic system:
from equations (2) and (3), one can obtain:
in the formulas (2), (3) and (4), λ is the central wavelength of the fiber grating, P ε The elasto-optic coefficient of the optical fiber is shown, epsilon is the stress of the fiber bragg grating, a is the acceleration to be tested, F is the external force applied to the test heavy object, m is the mass of the test heavy object, E is the elastic modulus of the cantilever beam, and S is the sectional area of the cantilever beam; the change of the fiber grating wavelength is linearly related to the acceleration, so that the change of the fiber grating wavelength is measured, and the central wavelength of the fiber grating determines the fundamental frequency f of the resonant cavity 0 Due to f in the oscillator 0 The integral multiple frequency can satisfy the oscillation condition of the photoelectric oscillation circuit OEO, and the actual resonant frequency f of the OEO N The microwave filter 6 is used for mode selection, and meets the following requirements:
f N =Nf 0 (5)
in the formula (5), N is a natural number, f 0 Is the fundamental frequency of the resonant cavity of the photoelectric oscillation circuit, and the actual resonant frequency f N Is a fundamental frequency f 0 By this relationship, the variation of the fundamental frequency caused by the acceleration variation is amplified by N times, so that it can be seen that: under the same observation condition and test precision, directly measuring f 0 Is much less than the measurement f N And N and f 0 The obtained precision is high, and the measurement error is greatly reduced; i.e. f is obtained by observing the output microwave signal by an external spectrometer N By variation of (a) using N And N and f 0 Then, the relationship between the frequency and the wavelength is used to obtain the change Δ λ of the central wavelength of the fiber grating, and the acceleration a to be measured is obtained by using the formula (4).
Examples
According to the illustration in fig. 1, when the acceleration measuring instrument based on the optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is used, firstly, the direct current optical signal outputted by the wide spectrum light source 1 is injected into the modulator 2, and the light outputted by the modulator 2A signal enters the fiber bragg grating 9 through the second port 3b of the three-port circulator 3, the fiber bragg grating 9 senses acceleration change by being adhered to a cantilever beam, the wavelength meeting the fiber bragg grating condition is reflected, and the reflected light enters the photoelectric detector 4 through the third port 3c of the three-port circulator 3; an optical signal is converted into an electric signal by a photoelectric detector 4 and then amplified by a first microwave amplifier 5, the amplified electric signal passes through a microwave filter 6 and then is amplified by a second microwave amplifier 7, the amplified electric signal is fed back to a microwave modulation port of a modulator 2 by an electric coupler 8, so that a closed photoelectric oscillation loop is formed, the fundamental frequency of a resonant cavity is the frequency of light reflected by a fiber grating, when the external acceleration changes, the central wavelength of the light reflected by the fiber grating also changes, and then the principle of accumulative amplification is utilized, when the resonant cavity oscillates at higher harmonics, the actual resonant frequency f is the actual resonant frequency f N =Nf 0 The change of the fundamental frequency is amplified by N times, and the stress change of the fiber bragg grating can be calculated by observing the output microwave signal through an external spectrometer.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are illustrative only and not restrictive, and various modifications which do not depart from the spirit of the present invention and which are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art.
Claims (2)
1. An acceleration measuring instrument based on a photoelectric oscillator comprises a modulator (2) arranged along the emitting direction of a wide-spectrum light source (1), wherein an optical signal output by the modulator (2) enters a fiber bragg grating (9) after passing through a first port (3a) and a second port (3b) of a three-port circulator (3); it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
a photoelectric oscillation loop is arranged between the third port (3c) of the three-port circulator (3) and the modulator (2), and light reflected from the fiber grating (9) passes through the third port (3c) of the three-port circulator (3) and is fed back to the microwave modulation port of the modulator (2) through the photoelectric oscillation loop;
the photoelectric oscillation circuit is composed of a photoelectric detector (4), a first microwave amplifier (5), a microwave filter (6), a second microwave amplifier (7) and an electric coupler (8) which are arranged between a third port (3c) of the three-port circulator (3) and the modulator (2);
the light reflected back from the fiber grating (9) passes through the third port (3c) of the three-port circulator (3) and is fed back to the microwave modulation port of the modulator (2) through the photoelectric oscillation loop, and the light reflected back from the fiber grating (9) passes through the third port (3c) of the three-port circulator (3) and enters the photoelectric detector (4); an optical signal is converted into an electric signal through a photoelectric detector (4), then the electric signal is amplified through a first microwave amplifier (5), the amplified electric signal is amplified through a second microwave amplifier (7) after passing through a microwave filter (6), and the amplified electric signal is fed back to a microwave modulation port of a modulator (2) through an electric coupler (8);
the fiber bragg grating (9) is pasted on a cantilever beam, a weight is connected to the free end of the cantilever beam, external force is applied to the weight, the weight is accelerated, accordingly, the cantilever beam is deformed, the central wavelength of the fiber bragg grating (9) is changed, and finally the resonant cavity fundamental frequency f of the photoelectric oscillation circuit is changed 0 (ii) a One end of the electric coupler (8) is connected with the modulator (2), the other end of the electric coupler (8) is connected with an external electric spectrum instrument, and output microwave signals are observed through the electric spectrum instrument;
the fiber bragg grating (9) is used as a sensing element and a filtering unit in a photoelectric oscillation circuit, wherein the central wavelength calculation formula of the fiber bragg grating (9) is as follows:
λ=2n eff Λ (1)
in the formula (1), lambda is the central wavelength of the fiber grating, lambda is the grating period, n eff Is the effective refractive index of the fiber grating;
when the external acceleration a to be measured changes, the fiber bragg grating (9) deforms, and the formula (4) is obtained according to the formula (2) and the formula (3):
in the formulas (2), (3) and (4), λ is the central wavelength of the fiber grating, P ε The elasto-optic coefficient of the optical fiber is shown, epsilon is the stress of the fiber bragg grating, a is the acceleration to be tested, F is the external force applied to the test heavy object, m is the mass of the test heavy object, E is the elastic modulus of the cantilever beam, and S is the sectional area of the cantilever beam;
actual resonant frequency f of the opto-electronic resonant circuit N The mode selection is carried out through a microwave filter (6), and the following conditions are met:
f N =Nf 0 (5)
in the formula (5), N is a natural number; f. of 0 Is the resonant cavity fundamental frequency of the photoelectric oscillation circuit, and f is obtained by observing the output microwave signal with an external spectrometer N The change of the central wavelength of the fiber grating is obtained by using the relation between the frequency and the wavelength, and the acceleration a to be measured is obtained by using the formula (4).
2. Optoelectronic oscillator-based acceleration measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized by, that the broad spectrum light source (1) is a semiconductor broad spectrum light source or EDFA-based broad spectrum light source.
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CN112683313A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-20 | 南京信息职业技术学院 | Sensor array device of multi-photoelectric oscillator and measuring method |
CN115792277B (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-04-25 | 中北大学 | CaF2 crystal resonant cavity-based high-sensitivity acceleration sensor and measurement method |
CN116499505B (en) * | 2023-06-29 | 2023-09-08 | 中北大学 | Precise sensing measurement system based on echo wall resonant cavity |
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