CN110940941B - Magnetic field sensing measurement device and method based on multi-longitudinal-mode self-mixing effect - Google Patents
Magnetic field sensing measurement device and method based on multi-longitudinal-mode self-mixing effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The divisional application relates to the technical field of optical measurement, in particular to a magnetic field sensing measurement device and a magnetic field sensing measurement method based on a multi-longitudinal-mode self-mixing effect, wherein the measurement device comprises a multi-longitudinal-mode laser, a sensing unit, a vibration target, a sliding device, a light splitting element, a photoelectric detector, a signal preprocessing unit and a signal processing unit, and the measurement method comprises the following steps: the vibration target takes place to vibrate, many longitudinal mode laser outgoing laser incides on the vibration target behind the sensing element, then feedback back and form from the mixing signal in many longitudinal mode laser resonant cavities, above-mentioned in-process sensing element changes and causes from the mixing signal wave form change, make the vibration target take place to move a little through adjusting slider, form the self-mixing signal under different laser exocoel length, gather the self-mixing signal under the different exocoel length with photoelectric detector, reuse signal preprocessing unit and signal processing unit to handle, can obtain the change of sensing element, the present case measurement cost is low, the light path is simple, measurement accuracy is high.
Description
The application is divisional application with application number 201810327444.4, application date 2018, 4 and 12 months, and invention name "sensing measurement device and method based on multi-longitudinal mode self-mixing effect".
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical measurement, in particular to a magnetic field sensing measurement device and method based on a multi-longitudinal-mode self-mixing effect.
Background
The optical measurement method is a main method in the technical field of measurement and measurement, and is mature to be applied to measurement occasions such as temperature measurement, voltage measurement, magnetic field measurement, strain measurement, liquid concentration measurement and the like at present due to the advantages of non-contact measurement, high measurement sensitivity, high measurement precision and the like.
In the field of magnetic field measurement technology, the conventional magnetic field sensor is generally realized by hall effect, Faraday magneto-optical effect, giant magneto-inductive effect, magnetic saturation effect and the like, but the methods generally have the problems of large volume, high cost, narrow measurement frequency band, small dynamic range and the like of a measurement system. With the development of optical sensing technology, optical magnetic sensors are receiving attention from researchers. The optical magnetic sensor mainly comprises a fiber grating magnetic field sensor, a Sagnac magnetic field sensor, a Michelson magnetic field sensor, a Mach-Zehnder magnetic field sensor and a Fabry-Perot magnetic field sensor. The fiber bragg grating magnetic field sensor and the Sagnac magnetic field sensor both need to be connected to a spectrometer to observe sensor output spectra under different magnetic field strengths, and are high in cost and easy to be influenced by the environment; the Michelson magnetic field sensor and the Mach-Zehnder magnetic field sensor acquire magnetic field intensity by collecting interference signals between a sensing arm and a reference arm, but signal light and reference light are in different optical paths, are greatly influenced by the environment, have complex structures and are difficult to debug; the fabry-perot type magnetic field sensor senses the magnetic field intensity by using the interference effect of light in the air cavity, but the air cavity is easily interfered by the environment and the optical path is limited to a certain extent, which is not beneficial to the measurement of the magnetic field intensity with high sensitivity.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art when the magnetic field is measured by using the optical sensing technology, the invention provides the sensing measuring device based on the multi-longitudinal-mode self-mixing effect, which can realize the sensing measurement of the magnetic field.
In order to realize the technical purpose of measuring the magnetic field, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a magnetic field sensing measuring device based on a multi-longitudinal-mode self-mixing effect comprises a multi-longitudinal-mode laser with a tail fiber, a sensing unit, a vibration target, a sliding device, a light splitting element, a photoelectric detector, a signal preprocessing unit and a signal processing unit;
the vibration target can vibrate, and a reflection structure is attached to a vibration surface of the vibration target;
the sensing unit comprises a hysteresis telescopic material and a sensing optical fiber, the hysteresis telescopic material is arranged in a magnetic field to be measured, and the sensing optical fiber is fixed on the hysteresis telescopic material;
the multi-longitudinal-mode laser is used for emitting laser, a tail fiber of the multi-longitudinal-mode laser is connected with one end of a sensing optical fiber, the laser emitted from the other end of the sensing optical fiber is incident on a vibration surface of a vibration target, and is reflected by a reflecting structure and then fed back to the resonant cavity of the multi-longitudinal-mode laser along a primary circuit to form a laser self-mixing signal;
the bottom of the vibration target is fixed on the sliding device, and the vibration target can move along the laser emitting direction by adjusting the sliding device;
the light splitting element is a coupler and is used for splitting the laser self-mixing signal onto a photoelectric detector;
the photoelectric detector is used for converting the received laser signal into an electric signal and then sending the electric signal to the signal preprocessing unit;
the signal preprocessing unit is used for preprocessing the received electric signals, and the preprocessing comprises shaping, amplifying and filtering;
and the signal processing unit is used for analyzing and processing the preprocessed electric signals to obtain the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field to be detected where the hysteresis telescopic material is located.
The magnetic field measuring method based on the measuring device comprises the following steps: the vibration target vibrates, the multi-longitudinal-mode laser emits laser to the vibration target, the emitted laser is reflected by the reflection structure and then fed back to the resonant cavity of the multi-longitudinal-mode laser to form a laser self-mixing signal, the magnetic field to be measured changes in the process, hysteresis materials change, and laser self-mixing signal waveforms change, the vibration target moves slightly along the direction of the light path of the emitted laser by adjusting the sliding device to change the distance between the vibration target and the multi-longitudinal-mode laser, so that the required laser self-mixing signals under different laser external cavity lengths are formed, the laser self-mixing signals under different laser external cavity lengths are collected by the photoelectric detector, then the signal preprocessing unit is used for preprocessing the laser self-mixing signals, and finally the signal processing unit is used for analyzing the preprocessed laser self-mixing signals, the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field to be measured where the hysteresis telescopic material is located can be obtained, and the specific measurement and analysis method is as follows:
for laser self-mixing signals of a multi-longitudinal-mode laser, different longitudinal modes of the laser only interfere with the self-mode, the finally formed laser self-mixing signals are laser self-mixing signal intensity superposition formed by the respective longitudinal modes, and according to a related interference mixing theory model, under the condition of not considering speckle influence, the multi-longitudinal-mode laser self-mixing signal intensity is obtained:
beta in the formula (1) is the total number of oscillation starting modes in the multi-longitudinal-mode laser, j represents the jth longitudinal mode in the laser, I0Is the initial light intensity,. DELTA.IjAmplitude of variation of light intensity of j-mode laser, phitjFor the phase of the j-mode laser, phi, during one round trip of the outer cavitytj(t) is the real-time phase, k, of the round trip of the j-mode laser in the outer cavity0jWave number, op, of j mode in vacuumt(t) is the total optical path of the real-time external cavity of the laser, c.c. represents the complex conjugate of the formula, and the refractive index change caused by different longitudinal modes in the same material can be ignored in the calculation;
when the phase of the sensing unit changes, the external cavity total phase relationship is as follows:
phi in the formula (2)0jInitial phase of j-mode laser back and forth one revolution of the external cavity, delta phisjFor sensing unit phase changes caused by magnetic field changes, delta phicjFor compensating phase change, delta phi in measuring magnetic fieldsj＝-δφcj，op0Is the initial optical path of the external cavity of the laser, delta opsFor changes in the optical path length of the sensing unit caused by changes in the magnetic field, delta opcTo compensate for optical path, ncIs the refractive index of air in the external cavity, and has a value of 1, nsFor sensing the refractive index of the optical fibre, LsIs a laser inTotal geometric length, L, of the actual path of transmission in the sensing fibercTo compensate for the length;
in the formula (3) < omega >0Is the angular frequency of the laser, c is the speed of light in vacuum, ngIs the refractive index of the laser resonant cavity medium group, L0Is the laser resonant cavity length;
substituting formula (3) into formula (1) to obtain:
if the waveforms of the laser self-mixing signals of different modes are not separated, the waveforms of the modes need to keep the same phase or the phase delay is integral multiple of 2 pi:
φtj＝k0jopt＝2mk0jngL0＝mφgjformula (5)
Namely:
opt＝2mngL0formula (6)
In the formula (5), m is the external cavity mode order of the laser and is a positive integer phigjThe phase of the laser is round trip in the resonant cavity of the laser, so the laser has a series of special position points, the superposed laser self-mixing signal does not generate waveform separation, and as can be known from the formula (5), when the intensity of the magnetic field to be measured changes, the phase of the light during transmission of the sensing optical fiber changes, resulting in phi of each modetjThe value m is not an integer, the waveform of the superposed laser self-mixing signal is separated, at the moment, the position of an external feedback object is changed by adjusting a sliding device to compensate the phase change, the waveform of the superposed laser self-mixing signal is changed into a complete waveform again, and then the position of the external feedback object is measured to obtain the compensation phase change delta phicjFurther obtaining the phase change delta phi of the sensing unit caused by the magnetic field changesjHere, strain of the hysteresis material causes a phase change δ φ in the sensor cellsjThe relationship of (a) is shown as follows:
in the formula (7), Ls0For the total initial geometric length of the actual path of the laser light propagating in the sensing fiber, ns0For the initial refractive index in the sensing fiber, nsIn order to sense the refractive index in the optical fiber,
is the strain coefficient of the sensing optical fiber, v is the laser output frequency, a is the radius of the sensing optical fiber,
for refractive index changes due to changes in the radius of the sensing fiber, this value is ignored in single mode fibers, and thus the strain induced phase change can be expressed as:
δφsj＝k0jns0ξLs0epsilon formula (8)
The strain change of the magnetic induction material caused by the change of the magnetic field to be measured can be expressed as epsilon ═ CH2Where C is the expansion coefficient of the hysteresis expansion material and H is the magnetic field strength, the phase delay caused by the change in the magnetic field can be expressed as:
δφsj＝k0jns0ξCH2Ls0formula (9)
Using compensating optical path in combination with sensing fiber material initial refractive index ns0The total initial geometric length L of the actual path of the laser transmitted in the sensing optical fibers0And calculating the expansion coefficient C of the magnetic hysteresis expansion material and the strain coefficient xi of the sensing optical fiber to obtain the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field to be measured where the magnetic induction material is located.
From the above description, it can be seen that the present invention has the following advantages:
1. the sensing unit of the measuring device is a passive optical sensor, and power supply is not needed;
2. the test device has smaller volume and lower cost;
3. non-contact real-time high-precision measurement can be realized;
4. the optical path of the measuring device is a single optical path, the measuring device is small in environmental interference, simple in structure and convenient to adjust the optical path;
5. the measurement sensitivity and resolution can be adjusted by designing parameters of the sensing unit and selecting different external cavity measurement tools.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating simulation results according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 and 2, but the present invention is not limited to the claims.
As shown in fig. 1, a magnetic field sensing measuring device based on a multi-longitudinal-mode self-mixing effect includes a multi-longitudinal-mode laser 1 including a tail fiber, a sensing unit 2, a vibrating target 3, a sliding device 4, a light splitting element 5, a photodetector 6, a signal preprocessing unit 7 and a signal processing unit 8; the vibration target 3 can vibrate, and a reflection structure is attached to a vibration surface of the vibration target; the sensing unit 2 comprises a hysteresis telescopic material 23 and a sensing optical fiber 21, the hysteresis telescopic material 23 is arranged in a magnetic field to be measured, and the sensing optical fiber 21 is fixed on the hysteresis telescopic material 23; the multi-longitudinal-mode laser 1 is used for emitting laser, a tail fiber of the multi-longitudinal-mode laser is connected with one end of a sensing optical fiber 21, the laser emitted from the other end of the sensing optical fiber 21 is incident on a vibration surface of a vibration target 3, and is reflected by a reflecting structure and then fed back to a resonant cavity of the multi-longitudinal-mode laser 1 along a primary circuit to form a laser self-mixing signal; the bottom of the vibration target 3 is fixed on a sliding device 4, and the vibration target can move along the laser emitting direction by adjusting the sliding device 4; the light splitting element 5 adopts a coupler and is used for splitting the laser self-mixing signal onto the photoelectric detector 6; the photoelectric detector 6 is used for converting the received laser signal into an electric signal and then sending the electric signal to the signal preprocessing unit 7; the signal preprocessing unit 7 is used for preprocessing the received electric signals, and the preprocessing at least comprises shaping, amplifying and filtering; the signal processing unit 8 is configured to analyze and process the preprocessed electrical signals to obtain a magnetic field strength of a magnetic field to be measured where the hysteresis telescopic material is located.
In the above apparatus:
1. the sliding device 4 comprises a sliding rail 41 and a sliding block 42 arranged on the sliding rail, and the bottom of the vibration target is fixed on the sliding block 42; the slide rail 41 and the emergent laser are positioned on the same straight line;
2. the reflecting structure can be a reflecting plane mirror, and can also be a material with scattering property or reflecting property, such as a reflecting film;
3. the vibration target 3 may be a speaker 32 driven by a signal generator 31 or a piezoelectric ceramic, and two speakers 32 respectively shown by a solid line and a broken line in fig. 1 represent positions before and after the speaker slides along the sliding device;
4. the signal processing unit 8 may be a computer, an oscilloscope or a spectrometer.
The magnetic field measuring method based on the measuring device comprises the following steps: the vibration target vibrates, the multi-longitudinal-mode laser emits laser to the vibration target, the emitted laser is reflected by the reflection structure and then fed back to the resonant cavity of the multi-longitudinal-mode laser to form a laser self-mixing signal, the magnetic field to be measured changes in the process, hysteresis materials change, and laser self-mixing signal waveforms change, the vibration target moves slightly along the direction of the light path of the emitted laser by adjusting the sliding device to change the distance between the vibration target and the multi-longitudinal-mode laser, so that the required laser self-mixing signals under different laser external cavity lengths are formed, the laser self-mixing signals under different laser external cavity lengths are collected by the photoelectric detector, then the signal preprocessing unit is used for preprocessing the laser self-mixing signals, and finally the signal processing unit is used for analyzing the preprocessed laser self-mixing signals, the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field to be measured where the hysteresis telescopic material is located can be obtained, and the specific measurement and analysis method is as follows:
for laser self-mixing signals of a multi-longitudinal-mode laser, different longitudinal modes of the laser only interfere with the self-mode, the finally formed laser self-mixing signals are laser self-mixing signal intensity superposition formed by the respective longitudinal modes, and according to a related interference mixing theory model, under the condition of not considering speckle influence, the multi-longitudinal-mode laser self-mixing signal intensity is obtained:
beta in the formula (1) is the total number of oscillation starting modes in the multi-longitudinal-mode laser, j represents the jth longitudinal mode in the laser, I0Is the initial light intensity,. DELTA.IjAmplitude of variation of light intensity of j-mode laser, phitjFor the phase of the j-mode laser, phi, during one round trip of the outer cavitytj(t) is the real-time phase, k, of the round trip of the j-mode laser in the outer cavity0jWave number, op, of j mode in vacuumt(t) is the real-time external cavity total optical path c.c. of the laser, which represents the complex conjugate of the formula, and the refractive index change caused by different longitudinal modes in the same material can be ignored in the calculation;
when the phase of the sensing unit changes, the external cavity total phase relationship is as follows:
phi in the formula (2)0jInitial phase of j-mode laser back and forth one revolution of the external cavity, delta phisjFor sensing unit phase changes caused by magnetic field changes, delta phicjFor compensating phase change, delta phi in measuring magnetic fieldsj＝-δφcj，op0Is the initial optical path of the external cavity of the laser, delta opsFor changes in the optical path length of the sensing unit caused by changes in the magnetic field, delta opcTo compensate for optical path, ncIs the refractive index of air in the external cavity, and has a value of 1, nsFor sensing the refractive index of the optical fibre, LsFor the total geometrical length, L, of the actual path of the laser light propagating in the sensing fibercTo compensate for the length;
in the formula (3) < omega >0Is the angular frequency of the laser, c is the speed of light in vacuum, ngIs the refractive index of the laser resonant cavity medium group, L0Is the laser resonant cavity length;
substituting formula (3) into formula (1) to obtain:
if the waveforms of the laser self-mixing signals of different modes are not separated, the waveforms of the modes need to keep the same phase or the phase delay is integral multiple of 2 pi:
φtj＝k0jopt＝2mk0jngL0＝mφgjformula (5)
Namely:
opt＝2mngL0formula (6)
In the formula (5), m is the external cavity mode order of the laser and is a positive integer phigjThe phase of the laser is round trip in the resonant cavity of the laser, so the laser has a series of special position points, the superposed laser self-mixing signal does not generate waveform separation, and as can be known from the formula (5), when the intensity of the magnetic field to be measured changes, the phase of the light during transmission of the sensing optical fiber changes, resulting in phi of each modetjThe value m is not an integer, the waveform of the superposed laser self-mixing signal is separated, at the moment, the position of an external feedback object is changed by adjusting a sliding device to compensate the phase change, the waveform of the superposed laser self-mixing signal is changed into a complete waveform again, and then the position of the external feedback object is measured to obtain the compensation phase change delta phicjFurther obtaining the phase change delta phi of the sensing unit caused by the magnetic field changesjHere, strain of the hysteresis material causes a phase change δ φ in the sensor cellsjThe relationship of (a) is shown as follows:
in the formula (7), Ls0For the total initial geometric length of the actual path of the laser light propagating in the sensing fiber, ns0For the initial refractive index in the sensing fiber, nsIn order to sense the refractive index in the optical fiber,
is the strain coefficient of the sensing optical fiber, v is the laser output frequency, a is the radius of the sensing optical fiber,
for refractive index changes due to changes in the radius of the sensing fiber, this value is ignored in single mode fibers, and thus the strain induced phase change can be expressed as:
δφsj＝k0jns0ξLs0epsilon formula (8)
The strain change of the magnetic induction material caused by the change of the magnetic field to be measured can be expressed as epsilon ═ CH2Where C is the expansion coefficient of the hysteresis expansion material and H is the magnetic field strength, the phase delay caused by the change in the magnetic field can be expressed as:
δφsj＝k0jns0ξCH2Ls0formula (9)
Using compensating optical path in combination with sensing fiber material initial refractive index ns0The total initial geometric length L of the actual path of the laser transmitted in the sensing optical fibers0And calculating the expansion coefficient C of the magnetic hysteresis expansion material and the strain coefficient xi of the sensing optical fiber to obtain the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field to be measured where the magnetic induction material is located.
Based on the above technical solution, an experimental apparatus is established, the experimental apparatus is a dual-mode LD laser, and simulation software is used for analog simulation, for simplicity, we only consider the intensity superposition waveform of the dual-mode LD laser self-mixing signal with the same amplitude, and specific simulation parameters are as follows:op0＝14574.00mm，δopc＝0mm，Ls0＝10m，n1＝1.45，ng＝3.5，L0＝300um，C＝6.9×10-15A-2m-2the magnetic field strength is increased by 30k A/m.
Simulation As shown in FIG. 2, it can be seen from FIG. 2 that when the magnetic field strength is 0, the initial optical path of the external cavity of the laser is 14574.00mm, which is ngL0M is 13880, and the laser self-mixing signal waveform is not separated. When the magnetic field intensity of the sensing unit is increased by 30k A/m, the optical path of the sensing unit is slightly changed due to the change of the magnetic field intensity, the waveform of the overlapped laser self-mixing signal is separated, the length of the fine-tuning compensation external cavity is 0.727mm, and the optical path of the laser external cavity becomes n againgL0The wave form of the laser self-mixing signal after superposition disappears separately, and finally the magnetic field change of the sensing unit is obtained through measuring the compensation optical path, thereby realizing the magnetic field measurement.
The phase change sensitivity S of the magnetic field sensor can be further obtained by the formula (7)mLcAnd adjacent magnetic field intensity difference Delta Hm。SmLcAnd Δ HmThe refractive index of the sensing unit optical fiber material, the length of the sensing unit optical fiber, the expansion coefficient of the hysteresis expansion material and the strain coefficient of the optical fiber are determined together. Wherein the external cavity variation sensitivity SmLcMeans the length change of the compensation external cavity caused by the change of unit magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field intensity difference Delta H of adjacent levelmRefers to the magnetic field intensity H2Position of external cavity equiphase point (m +1 level) and magnetic field intensity H caused by (after change)1And (before change) the magnetic field intensity difference value of the adjacent level corresponding to the position (m level) of the external cavity equiphase point. In general, in the magnetic field measurement process, if the difference of the magnetic field intensity measured in two consecutive measurement intervals is larger than the adjacent magnetic field intensity difference Δ HmThe number of cycles of the waveform change of the self-mixing signal, i.e. the change of the value m, in two consecutive measurement intervals is recorded, and the length of the compensation external cavity is adjusted to restore the waveform of the laser self-mixing signal to the position where the waveform of the signal corresponding to the mth level coincides.
Expressions (10) and (11) are external cavity variation sensitivity SmLcAnd adjacent levelMagnetic field intensity difference Δ HmExpression:
when the device of this embodiment is adopted to measure the magnetic field intensity, the following advantages are provided:
1. the sensing unit of the measuring device is a passive optical sensor, and power supply is not needed;
2. the test device has smaller volume and lower cost;
3. non-contact real-time high-precision measurement can be realized;
4. the optical path of the measuring device is a single optical path, the measuring device is small in environmental interference, simple in structure and convenient to adjust the optical path;
5. the sensitivity and resolution of magnetic field intensity measurement can be adjusted by designing parameters of the sensing unit and selecting different external cavity measuring tools. In order to improve the performance of the measuring device in the embodiment, the following improvements can be made to the device:
1. an optical attenuator 9 is added to an optical path between the spectroscopic element 5 and the vibration target 3, and the intensity of the optical feedback light is adjusted by the optical attenuator 9.
2. The multi-longitudinal-mode laser 1 adopts a semiconductor laser, and integrates a photodiode into the semiconductor laser by utilizing the characteristics of the semiconductor laser to realize the function of a photoelectric detector, so that the optical path of the whole device is simplified, and a light splitting element and the photoelectric detector are removed;
3. in order to improve the collimation performance of the emitted laser, the other end of the sensing optical fiber is connected with a collimator 10, and the laser is ensured to be emitted to a vibration target in parallel through the collimator 10.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the sensing unit of the measuring device is a passive optical sensor, and power supply is not needed;
2. the test device has smaller volume and lower cost;
3. non-contact real-time high-precision measurement can be realized;
4. the optical path of the measuring device is a single optical path, the measuring device is small in environmental interference, simple in structure and convenient to adjust the optical path;
5. the measurement sensitivity and resolution can be adjusted by designing parameters of the sensing unit and selecting different external cavity measurement tools.
It should be understood that the detailed description of the invention is merely illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified or substituted equally as well to achieve the same technical result; as long as the use requirements are met, the method is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a magnetic field sensing measuring device based on many longitudinal modes are from mixing effect which characterized in that: the device comprises a multi-longitudinal-mode laser with tail fibers, a sensing unit, a vibration target, a sliding device, a light splitting element, a photoelectric detector, a signal preprocessing unit and a signal processing unit;
the vibration target can vibrate, and a reflection structure is attached to a vibration surface of the vibration target;
the sensing unit comprises a hysteresis telescopic material and a sensing optical fiber, the hysteresis telescopic material is arranged in a magnetic field to be measured, and the sensing optical fiber is fixed on the hysteresis telescopic material;
the multi-longitudinal-mode laser is used for emitting laser, a tail fiber of the multi-longitudinal-mode laser is connected with one end of a sensing optical fiber, the laser emitted from the other end of the sensing optical fiber is incident on a vibration surface of a vibration target, and is reflected by a reflecting structure and then fed back to the resonant cavity of the multi-longitudinal-mode laser along a primary circuit to form a laser self-mixing signal;
the bottom of the vibration target is fixed on the sliding device, and the vibration target can move along the laser emitting direction by adjusting the sliding device;
the light splitting element is a coupler and is used for splitting the laser self-mixing signal onto a photoelectric detector;
the photoelectric detector is used for converting the received laser signal into an electric signal and then sending the electric signal to the signal preprocessing unit;
the signal preprocessing unit is used for preprocessing the received electric signals, and the preprocessing comprises shaping, amplifying and filtering;
and the signal processing unit is used for analyzing and processing the preprocessed electric signals to obtain the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field to be detected where the hysteresis telescopic material is located.
2. The magnetic field measurement method of the magnetic field sensing measurement device based on the multi-longitudinal-mode self-mixing effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vibration target vibrates, the multi-longitudinal-mode laser emits laser to the vibration target, the emitted laser is reflected by the reflection structure and then fed back to the resonant cavity of the multi-longitudinal-mode laser to form a laser self-mixing signal, the magnetic field to be measured changes in the process, hysteresis materials change, and laser self-mixing signal waveforms change, the vibration target moves slightly along the direction of the light path of the emitted laser by adjusting the sliding device to change the distance between the vibration target and the multi-longitudinal-mode laser, so that the required laser self-mixing signals under different laser external cavity lengths are formed, the laser self-mixing signals under different laser external cavity lengths are collected by the photoelectric detector, then the signal preprocessing unit is used for preprocessing the laser self-mixing signals, and finally the signal processing unit is used for analyzing the preprocessed laser self-mixing signals, the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field to be measured where the hysteresis telescopic material is located can be obtained, and the specific measurement and analysis method is as follows:
for laser self-mixing signals of a multi-longitudinal-mode laser, different longitudinal modes of the laser only interfere with the self-mode, the finally formed laser self-mixing signals are laser self-mixing signal intensity superposition formed by the respective longitudinal modes, and according to a related interference mixing theory model, under the condition of not considering speckle influence, the multi-longitudinal-mode laser self-mixing signal intensity is obtained:
beta in the formula (1) is the total number of oscillation starting modes in the multi-longitudinal-mode laser, j represents the jth longitudinal mode in the laser, I0Is the initial light intensity,. DELTA.IjAmplitude of variation of light intensity of j-mode laser, phitjFor the phase of the j-mode laser, phi, during one round trip of the outer cavitytj(t) is the real-time phase, k, of the round trip of the j-mode laser in the outer cavity0jWave number, op, of j mode in vacuumt(t) is the total optical path of the real-time external cavity of the laser, c.c. represents the complex conjugate of the formula, and the refractive index change caused by different longitudinal modes in the same material can be ignored in the calculation;
when the phase of the sensing unit changes, the external cavity total phase relationship is as follows:
phi in the formula (2)0jInitial phase of j-mode laser back and forth one revolution of the external cavity, delta phisjFor sensing unit phase changes caused by magnetic field changes, delta phicjFor compensating phase change, delta phi in measuring magnetic fieldsj＝-δφcj，op0Is the initial optical path of the external cavity of the laser, delta opsFor changes in the optical path length of the sensing unit caused by changes in the magnetic field, delta opcTo compensate for optical path, ncIs the refractive index of air in the external cavity, and has a value of 1, nsFor sensing the refractive index of the optical fibre, LsFor the total geometrical length, L, of the actual path of the laser light propagating in the sensing fibercTo compensate for the length;
in the formula (3) < omega >0Is the angular frequency of the laser, c is the speed of light in vacuum, ngIs the refractive index of the laser resonant cavity medium group, L0Is a laser resonant cavityLength;
substituting formula (3) into formula (1) to obtain:
if the waveforms of the laser self-mixing signals of different modes are not separated, the waveforms of the modes need to keep the same phase or the phase delay is integral multiple of 2 pi:
φtj＝k0jopt＝2mk0jngL0＝mφgjformula (5)
Namely:
opt＝2mngL0formula (6)
In the formula (5), m is the external cavity mode order of the laser and is a positive integer phigjThe phase of the laser is round trip in the resonant cavity of the laser, so the laser has a series of special position points, the superposed laser self-mixing signal does not generate waveform separation, and as can be known from the formula (5), when the intensity of the magnetic field to be measured changes, the phase of the light during transmission of the sensing optical fiber changes, resulting in phi of each modetjThe value m is not an integer, the waveform of the superposed laser self-mixing signal is separated, at the moment, the position of an external feedback object is changed by adjusting a sliding device to compensate the phase change, the waveform of the superposed laser self-mixing signal is changed into a complete waveform again, and then the position of the external feedback object is measured to obtain the compensation phase change delta phicjFurther obtaining the phase change delta phi of the sensing unit caused by the magnetic field changesjHere, strain of the hysteresis material causes a phase change δ φ in the sensor cellsjThe relationship of (a) is shown as follows:
in the formula (7), Ls0For the total initial geometric length of the actual path of the laser light propagating in the sensing fiber, ns0For the initial refractive index in the sensing fiber, nsIn order to sense the refractive index in the optical fiber,
is the strain coefficient of the sensing optical fiber, v is the laser output frequency, a is the radius of the sensing optical fiber,
for refractive index changes due to changes in the radius of the sensing fiber, this value is ignored in single mode fibers, and thus the strain induced phase change can be expressed as:
δφsj＝k0jns0ξLs0epsilon formula (8)
The strain change of the magnetic induction material caused by the change of the magnetic field to be measured can be expressed as epsilon ═ CH2Where C is the expansion coefficient of the hysteresis expansion material and H is the magnetic field strength, the phase delay caused by the change in the magnetic field can be expressed as:
δφsj＝k0jns0ξCH2Ls0formula (9)
Using compensating optical path in combination with sensing fiber material initial refractive index ns0The total initial geometric length L of the actual path of the laser transmitted in the sensing optical fibers0And calculating the expansion coefficient C of the magnetic hysteresis expansion material and the strain coefficient xi of the sensing optical fiber to obtain the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field to be measured where the magnetic induction material is located.
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