CN108586724A - 一种三官能度pnimmo含能粘合剂及其合成方法 - Google Patents

一种三官能度pnimmo含能粘合剂及其合成方法 Download PDF

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CN108586724A
CN108586724A CN201810442108.4A CN201810442108A CN108586724A CN 108586724 A CN108586724 A CN 108586724A CN 201810442108 A CN201810442108 A CN 201810442108A CN 108586724 A CN108586724 A CN 108586724A
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pnimmo
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王晓川
莫洪昌
舒远杰
卢先明
刘宁
徐明辉
张倩
汪伟
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Xian Modern Chemistry Research Institute
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    • C08G65/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/26Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
    • C08G65/2603Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen
    • C08G65/2606Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups
    • C08G65/2609Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups containing aliphatic hydroxyl groups
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂及其合成方法,三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂的结构式如式(Ⅰ)所示,其合成过程包括以下步骤:以三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为引发剂,3‑硝酸酯甲基‑3‑甲基氧杂环丁烷(NIMMO)为单体经过阳离子开环聚合反应得到三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂。该粘合剂可直接采用两官能度的异氰酸酯固化,不用加交联剂。本发明主要用于复合固体推进剂。

Description

一种三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂及其合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂,属于固体推进剂领域。
背景技术
两官能度PNIMMO是在1,4-丁二醇与三氟化硼·乙醚络合物作用下,引发3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂丁环(NIMMO)聚合而得。聚合通过引发剂三氟化硼·乙醚络合物提供给NIMMO单体质子,之后质子化的NIMMO单体再与其他单体反应实现链增长,最后聚合物长链与水发生链终止反应从而生成端羟基的PNIMMO。由于采用的1,4-丁二醇作为助引发剂,故制备出的PNIMMO只有两个官能度。
当前,所合成出的两官能度PNIMMO以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)固化需同时加入交联剂;若采用三官能度的异氰酸酯(N-100)固化,则体系黏度很大,不容易搅拌均匀。例如,莫洪昌等人在《含能黏合剂PNIMMO的合成与性能》火炸药学报,2008,31(5):24-27中采用1,4-丁二醇为引发剂,3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(NIMMO)为单体经过阳离子开环聚合反应得到两官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂,黏度大,需以N-100固化。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服背景技术的不足,提供一种既能降低粘度又可采用两官能度异氰酸酯固化的含能粘合剂及其合成方法。
本发明的构思是:两官能度PNIMMO以二异氰酸酯固化需同时加入交联剂,而交联剂的引入易使固化反应的影响因素变多,使固化后形成的三维网络结构不完善。为了不引入交联剂,本发明设想:采用三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂与二异氰酸酯固化以完善固化后形成的三维网络结构。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂,其结构式如下所示:
其中,m=5~10,为整数。
本发明的三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂合成路线如下所示:
其中,m=5~10,为整数。
本发明的三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂合成方法,包括以下步骤:
在一个配有机械搅拌、回流冷凝管、温度计、滴液漏斗的四口圆底烧瓶中依次加入二氯甲烷、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)和三氟化硼·乙醚络合物,在温度为20℃~30℃下搅拌30min后,开始滴加3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(NIMMO),滴加时间为2h~4h,滴加完毕后继续反应12h~24h,用Na2CO3水溶液中和,有机相水洗至中性,减压蒸去溶剂后得到三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂;其中TMP与三氟化硼·乙醚络合物的摩尔比为1:1~6,TMP与NIMMO的摩尔比为1:15~30。
本发明的优点:
本发明的三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂的黏度较对比文献大幅降低,且其末端有三个羟基,与传统的二异氰酸酯即可发生固化交联反应,形成聚氨酯交联网络结构。相较于两官能度PNIMMO需要以三官能度异氰酸酯N-100固化,可选用的固化剂更为广泛,并且所需固化时间大为缩短。
具体实施方式
测试仪器:
红外光谱测试采用美国Nicolet公司的Nexus 870型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测试;
核磁共振测试采用德国Bruker公司的AVANCE AV500型核磁共振仪测试;
数均分子量测试采用英国PL公司GPC-50型凝胶渗透色谱仪;GPC测试条件:色谱柱为PLgel MIXED-E串联;流动相为THF;柱温为40℃;检测器为示差折光检测器;
粘度测试采用美国Brookfiled公司的GAP 2000+VISCOMETER型锥板粘度计测试;
弹性体力学性能测试采用美国Instron公司Instron 4505型万能材料试验机。
实施例1
在一个配有机械搅拌、回流冷凝管、温度计、滴液漏斗的100mL四口圆底烧瓶中依次加入20mL二氯甲烷、1.3g(10mmol)三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)和1.4g三氟化硼·乙醚络合物,在温度为20℃~30℃下搅拌30min后,开始滴加22g(150mmol)3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(NIMMO),滴加时间为2h,滴加完毕后继续反应24h,用Na2CO3水溶液中和,有机相水洗至中性,减压蒸去溶剂后得到22g淡黄色粘稠液体。
结构鉴定:
IR,νmax(cm-1):3444(-OH),1112(脂肪醚C-O-C),1630,1281,870(-ONO2)。
1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ5.31(s,1H),4.31~4.49(m,2H),3.25~3.37(m,4H),2.37(m,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz):δ75.84,74.93,73.77,71.51,66.48,53.46,40.40,23.32,17.33,16.93,7.51。
数均分子量2025,粘度188.3P(20℃)。
以上数据表明所合成的化合物为所设计的三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂。
实施例2
在一个配有机械搅拌、回流冷凝管、温度计、滴液漏斗的100mL四口圆底烧瓶中依次加入20mL二氯甲烷、1.3g(10mmol)三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)和1.4g三氟化硼·乙醚络合物,在温度为20℃~30℃下搅拌30min后,开始滴加33g(225mmol)3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(NIMMO),滴加时间为3h,滴加完毕后继续反应24h,用Na2CO3水溶液中和,有机相水洗至中性,减压蒸去溶剂后得到33g淡黄色粘稠液体。
实施例3
在一个配有机械搅拌、回流冷凝管、温度计、滴液漏斗的100mL四口圆底烧瓶中依次加入20mL二氯甲烷、1.3g(10mmol)三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)和1.4g三氟化硼·乙醚络合物,在温度为20℃~30℃下搅拌30min后,开始滴加44g(300mmol)3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(NIMMO),滴加时间为4h,滴加完毕后继续反应24h,用Na2CO3水溶液中和,有机相水洗至中性,减压蒸去溶剂后得到44g淡黄色粘稠液体。
本发明三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂的应用性能:
1)可采用的二异氰酸酯固化剂的固化时间
将本发明制得的三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂分别以不同二异氰酸酯进行固化,60℃所需固化时间如下:
表1不同二异氰酸酯的固化时间
编号 固化体系 固化温度/℃ 固化时间/h
1 三官能度PNIMMO/TDI 60 8
2 三官能度PNIMMO/IPDI 60 16
3 三官能度PNIMMO/HDI 60 24
从表1可以看出,以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)与三官能度PNIMMO组成的固化体系,固化温度为60℃时,固化需时最短;以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)与三官能度PNIMMO组成的固化体系,固化温度为60℃时,固化需时次之;以六次甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)与三官能度PNIMMO组成的固化体系,固化温度为60℃时,固化需时最长。
2)与甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)固化后形成弹性体的力学性能
在一个配有机械搅拌、温度计、减压蒸馏装置的三口瓶中加入本发明的三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂,60℃下真空脱气1h后,加入计量的甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)固化剂(其中n(NCO):n(OH)=1.1:1.0),搅拌下继续脱气30min,然后浇注于聚四氟乙烯模具中,在60℃下固化一周,脱模,将得到的弹性体冲压成哑铃状试样,室温下测试力学性能,其拉伸强度达到2.0MPa,延伸率125%。

Claims (2)

1.一种三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂,其结构式如式(Ⅰ)所示:
其中,m=5~10,为整数。
2.一种权利要求1所述的三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂的合成方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
在一个配有机械搅拌、回流冷凝管、温度计、滴液漏斗的四口圆底烧瓶中依次加入二氯甲烷、三羟甲基丙烷和三氟化硼·乙醚络合物,在温度为20℃~30℃下搅拌30min后,开始滴加3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷,滴加时间为2h~4h,滴加完毕后继续反应12h~24h,用Na2CO3水溶液中和,有机相水洗至中性,减压蒸去溶剂后得到三官能度PNIMMO含能粘合剂;其中三羟甲基丙烷与三氟化硼·乙醚络合物的摩尔比为1:1~6,三羟甲基丙烷与3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的摩尔比为1:15~30。
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Application publication date: 20180928