CN108586476B - 一种基于生物质原料的二胺单体的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于生物质原料的二胺单体的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108586476B CN108586476B CN201810226108.0A CN201810226108A CN108586476B CN 108586476 B CN108586476 B CN 108586476B CN 201810226108 A CN201810226108 A CN 201810226108A CN 108586476 B CN108586476 B CN 108586476B
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- 125000001891 dimethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- QHHKLPCQTTWFSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC(C(C=2C=C3C(=O)OC(=O)C3=CC=2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=C1 QHHKLPCQTTWFSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D493/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1039—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors comprising halogen-containing substituents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于生物质原料的二胺单体的制备方法,包括将含二甲氧基的饱和环烷烃与肌醇进行缩酮反应,将羟基进行保护,然后再与卤代硝基苯类化合物进行取代反应,最后还原剂存在下将硝基还原成胺基,得到一种新的二胺单体,上述二胺单体可与现有的二酐单体进行聚合反应,合成得到一系列新的聚酰亚胺材料。本发明提供的制备方法原料来源广泛,操作简单,合成得到的材料对多种溶剂均显示了极好的溶解性,同时热稳定性好,力学性能优异,光学透明性能良好,具备较好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚酰亚胺材料制备技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种基于生物质原料的二胺单体的制备方法。
背景技术
聚酰亚胺作为一种聚合物材料,由于其良好的热稳定性,力学性能,可靠的化学耐受性和介电性能,近几十年获得广泛的研究关注和快速发展。但该材料同时存在一些缺陷,制约了其发展和进一步的应用。例如,由于商业化聚酰亚胺薄膜中芳香族单体的广泛使用,聚合物骨架中分子链内与链间的CTC(电子转移络合)效应往往使得其薄膜材料具有较深的颜色,低透明性和较差的溶解性能,这些显而易见的缺陷制约着聚酰亚胺薄膜材料在柔性显示基底与其它柔性光学器件中的应用。而传统的聚酰亚胺材料由于较低的玻璃化转变温度,无法承受200℃以上的高温,因此如何在保证聚酰亚胺薄膜保持良好的热学稳定性的同时改善其光学性能,成为了研究热点。
同时,目前用于商业化聚合的传统单体往往来自于石油化工工业,由于石油原料的逐渐短缺与其日益飙升的价格,以及全球环境的恶化,通过来源广泛的原料进行合成得到聚合物的研究日趋紧迫。
发明内容
针对以上问题,带有特定结构或功能团的新型光学透明聚酰亚胺材料已经获得广泛合成与研究。同时,一些由生物质原料衍生的新材料在研究中得到了越来越多的重视。大量基于生物质的聚合物如聚酯,聚酰胺,聚碳酸酯和聚亚氨酯等已经获得了合成与研究。
本发明基于以上技术,将肌肉肌醇作为生物质原料,应用于制备聚酰亚胺中二胺单体,该原料广泛存在于动植物体中,并广泛应用于食品与医药行业,同时,采用二甲氧基环烷烃对肌肉肌醇中的四个羟基进行保护使其成为带有两个羟基的分子,再将该二醇产物与卤代硝基苯类化合物进行取代,最后将硝基进行还原,制备带有两个大体积环己侧基的二胺单体,以上二胺单体与现有二酐原料进行聚合反应,可以合成一系列新的聚酰亚胺材料。
本发明的上述技术目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种基于生物质原料的二胺单体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1.将含有二甲氧基的饱和环烷烃与肌醇进行缩酮反应,得到化合物a;
S2.将化合物a与卤代硝基苯类化合物进行取代反应,得到化合物b;
S3.将化合物b中的硝基进行还原反应,得到所述二胺单体;
R1和R5的定义相同,分别代表氢或C1~C5烷基;R2,R3,R4的定义相同,分别代表氢、卤基或C1~C5烷基,C1~C5烷基中的任意一个或多个氢可被卤基取代;R2,R3,R4不同时为氢或C1~C5烷基;
步骤S1中,化合物a与卤代硝基苯类化合物反应的摩尔比为1:(1.5~3.5);含有二甲氧基的饱和环烷烃中饱和环烷烃为C3~C8的饱和环烷烃。
优选地,含有二甲氧基的饱和环烷烃中饱和环烷烃为C4~C6的饱和环烷烃。
优选地,R1和R5的定义相同,分别代表氢或C1~C3饱和直链烷基。
优选地,R2,R3,R4的定义相同,分别代表氢、卤基或C1~C3饱和直链烷基,C1~C3饱和直链烷基中的任意一个或多个氢可被卤基取代。
优选地,R2、R4均不为卤基。
最优选地,卤基为氟或氯。
优选地,步骤S1缩酮反应中,加入溶剂和催化剂在90~110℃下反应10~15小时,然后进行酸碱中和,稀释后过滤洗涤。以上缩酮反应中采用的溶剂和催化剂,本领域技术人员可以根据现有技术获得并应用于缩酮反应。
优选地,步骤S2中取代反应中,加入溶剂和催化剂,在125~145℃下反应10~15h。同样地,以上取代反应中采用的溶剂和催化剂,本领域技术人员可以参考现有技术进行选择获得。
本发明同时保护一种基于生物质原料的聚酰亚胺,上述聚酰亚胺为将所述的二胺单体与常规的二酐单体进行聚合反应后获得。
进一步地,聚合反应采用微波法合成。同传统聚合方法相比,微波法进行合成不仅可以节省大量的时间和能源,同时由于微波反应在密闭环境中进行,因而节省了反应过程中的氮气氛围的消耗。
本发明相对于现有技术,具有如下的优点及效果:
本发明提供的制备方法原料来源广泛,操作简单,合成得到的材料对多种溶剂均显示了极好的溶解性,同时热稳定性好,力学性能优异,光学透明性能良好,具备较好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为材料DOC/ODPA的核磁谱图。
图2为聚酰亚胺材料的ATR红外谱图。
图3为聚酰亚胺材料的TGA图。
图4为聚酰亚胺材料的TMA图。
图5为聚酰亚胺材料的紫外-可见吸收光谱。
图6为本发明合成得到的聚酰亚胺结构中去除表面的环己侧基暴露出羟基的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例和附图来进一步说明本发明,但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
除非特别说明,本发明所用试剂和材料均为市购。
实施例1二胺单体物质制备
化合物1的制备:
将3g(16.7mmol)肌肉肌醇,10mL(66.6mmol)1,1’-二甲氧基环己烷,0.329g(1.73mmol)对苯磺酸在20mL DMF溶液中100℃下反应12小时,然后加入0.7mL三乙胺,反应液浓缩后用70mL乙酸乙酯稀释,再用5%碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥后12h,过滤得有机层后旋干得到粘性固体,在乙酸乙酯:正己烷=1:1的混合溶液中重结晶2次得到白色晶体0.85g。(产率15%)
化合物2的制备:
将3.4g(10mmol)化合物1白色晶体与3.53g(25mmol)对氟硝基苯,0.53g(2mmol)18-冠醚-6,1.68g(30mmol)氢氧化钾在20mL DMF与12mL甲苯的混合溶液中135℃下反应12h得到金黄色溶液,反应液滴入饱和碳酸钠溶液中,析出黄色固体,在丙酮中重结晶后得到黄色晶体3.50g(产率60%)
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm),δ=8.22(dd,J=18.5,9.2Hz,1H),7.36(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),5.28(dd,J=10.1,4.0Hz,1H),4.86(dd,J=10.4,6.2Hz,1H),4.74(s,1H),4.50-4.29(m,1H),3.90(t,J=10.0Hz,1H),1.94-1.09(m,5H).
元素分析:Found:C,61.55%;H,5.66%;N,4.92%.Calc.:C,61.85%;H,5.88%;N,4.81%.
熔点:197.2-198.1℃
化合物3的制备:
将3.4g(10mmol)化合物1白色晶体与5.64g(25mmol)2-氯-5-硝基三氟甲苯,0.53g(2mmol)18-冠醚-6,1.68g(30mmol)氢氧化钾在20mL DMF与12mL甲苯的混合溶液中135℃下反应12h得到金黄色溶液,反应液滴入饱和碳酸钠溶液中,析出黄色固体,在丙酮中重结晶后得到黄色晶体4.31g(产率61%)
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm)δ8.84(dd,J=6.2,2.5Hz,1H),8.80–8.65(m,1H),7.99–7.77(m,1H),5.12(dd,J=10.1,4.3Hz,1H),5.01(dd,J=10.7,5.9Hz,1H),4.84–4.64(m,1H),4.13(t,J=10.1Hz,1H),1.95(s,12H).
元素分析:Found:C,53.20%;H,4.36%;N,4.01%.Calc.:C,53.49%;H,4.49%;N,3.90%.
熔点:215.5-217.5℃
化合物M1
将1.03g(1.77mmol)化合物2黄色晶体与0.55g钯碳混合于40mL四氢呋喃中,得到四氢呋喃混合溶液,然后将2.5mL水合联氨溶解在20mL四氢呋喃中,形成滴定液,再在氮气氛围下,将滴定液至上一步的四氢呋喃混合溶液中,在70℃下反应过夜,将钯碳过滤后有机相浓缩,然后置于4℃冰箱中使得二胺单体析出,得到白色晶体产物0.79g(产率:85%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm),δ=6.81(d,J=8.52Hz,4H),6.48(dd,4H),4.7(d,J=19.2Hz,4H),4.54(dd,1H),4.43(t,J=4.15Hz,1H),4.22(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),4.18-4.01(m,2H),3.66(t,J=10.11Hz,1H),1.67-1.34(m,20H).
元素分析:found:C.68.45%,H.7.15%,N.5.45%;calc.:C.68.94%,H.7.33%,N.5.36%.
化合物M2
将1.27g(1.77mmol)化合物3黄色晶体与0.55g钯碳混合于40mL四氢呋喃中,得到四氢呋喃混合溶液,然后将2.5mL水合联氨溶解在20mL四氢呋喃中,形成滴定液,再在氮气氛围下,将滴定液至上一步的四氢呋喃混合溶液中,在70℃下反应过夜,将钯碳过滤后有机相浓缩,然后置于4℃冰箱中使得二胺单体析出,得到白色晶体产物0.93g(产率:80%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm)δ7.19(t,J=9.4Hz,1H),6.94–6.64(m,2H),5.09(d,J=15.8Hz,2H),4.73(dd,J=10.2,4.0Hz,1H),4.48(t,J=4.4Hz,1H),4.39(dd,J=10.6,6.4Hz,1H),4.31–4.20(m,1H),4.14(t,J=9.8Hz,1H),3.72(t,J=10.0Hz,1H),1.87–1.11(m,9H).
元素分析:found:C.58.14%,H.5.25%,N.4.36%;calc.:C.58.35%,H.5.51%,N.4.25%.
以上化合物M1和化合物M2的反应流程如下(其中,R分别代表氢和三氟甲基):
实施例2聚合物薄膜的制备(微波法)
两种二胺单体M1,M2通过与二酐单体4,4’-联苯醚二酐(ODPA),4,4'-(六氟异丙烯)二酞酸酐(6FDA)分别进行反应,得到了一系列PI薄膜,为了表述其通常的合成路线,以PI-1(M1/ODPA)为例。
0.2274gODPA在无氧条件下添加至溶解有0.3867g化合物M1与10滴异喹啉的3mL间甲酚中。再加入额外2mL间甲酚调节溶液固含量为12%。将混合物置于玻璃管中并通过微波反应器执行2步聚合操作,在80℃下反应30min制得PAA,然后再在200℃下反应1h得到PI.
在反应后,将金色粘稠溶液缓慢倾倒入无水乙醇中沉降出白色PI固体。沉降物再用无水乙醇清洗两次除去低分子量的聚合物。然后以12%的固含量溶解在NMP中并浇铸在玻璃板上,以200℃的真空烘箱加热24小时候,将带有聚合物薄膜的玻璃板浸泡在热水中使其脱离。
反应流程如下:
其中,材料DOC/ODPA的核磁谱图见图1所示。图2为聚酰亚胺材料的ATR红外谱图。
表1为上述聚酰亚胺材料的粘度和分子量值。
表1
其中,a表示在35℃下于0.5g/dL聚酰亚胺浓度下的NMP溶液中进行测试;b表示在DMF溶液中进行GPC测试;c表示GPC未出峰;d表示聚酰亚胺样品在DMF中不溶解。
表2为材料的元素分析数据
表2
聚合物薄膜的脱保护
DOCF/ODPA和DOCF/6FDA两种薄膜在使用浓盐酸降pH调成2的甲醇溶液中室温下搅拌12小时。然后将薄膜取出后水洗数次并烘干,确保盐酸等小分子完全去除。处理后的薄膜标记为DOCF/ODPA-D和DOCF/6FDA-D。
对于聚合反应,传统的方法是在氮气氛围下加热回流12~24h来合成PAA,然后将PAA溶液浇铸在玻璃板上并在200~300℃的真空烘箱中加热24~36h进一步聚合生成PI。这种方法由于耗费大量的时间与能源而效率低下。
本发明使用微波反应,通过一锅法在2h以内合成PAA和PI.在整个反应结束之后,PI产物极易从溶液中通过无水乙醇沉降出来并浇铸在玻璃板上直接烘干获得薄膜。同以上传统方法相比,不仅可以节省大量的时间和能源,同时由于微波反应在密闭环境中进行,因而节省了反应过程中的氮气氛围的消耗。
实施例3
溶解性能测试:
聚酰亚胺薄膜的溶解性通过在一系列10mg/mL浓度下的不同溶液中进行测试。结果显示,所有肌肉肌醇衍生的聚酰亚胺薄膜在一系列极性与非极性薄膜溶剂甚至二氯甲烷/四氢呋喃/丙酮这样的低沸点溶剂中都表现出了良好的溶解性能。分析主要因为生物质二胺单体中的大体积环己侧基,使得溶剂分子可以更加容易地渗透进入分子链内与链间。另一方面,大体积的侧基基团提供着更多的自由体积,另一方面也能够通过减少分子链内与链间的紧密堆积而降低链与链的作用力。同样,含有三氟甲基的聚合物表现出了更加良好的溶解性。研究结果表明肌肉肌醇衍生类聚酰亚胺具有良好的溶解制备能力,使得其在薄膜制备与先进微电子涂层领域中备受期待。表3为材料的溶解性能:
表3
++:在室温下溶解.+:加热到100℃或沸点时溶解.+-:加热到100℃或沸点时部分溶解.-:加热不溶解.上述溶解性能为在10mg/mL的溶液下测试24h。
热学性能测试:
如图3所示,材料的热稳定性通过使用TGA研究其氮气氛围下5%和10%的热分解温度进行测试。含有大体积环己侧基和三氟甲基两种基团都对聚合物的热分解行为产生了影响。这两种系列的聚合物薄膜都表现出2步分解过程。薄膜PI-3/4由于其含有更多的三氟甲基从而表现出更加明显的分解平台。可降解的环己烷侧基依然在可接受程度上保持了薄膜的热分解稳定性。它们的5%分解温度大概在360~370℃之间,10%的分解温度在370~380℃之间。除此之外,对于PI-1/2和PI-3/4的热重残留分为别20~30%和40%左右。
如图4所示,研究材料的玻璃化转变温度和热膨胀系数通过TMA进行测试。通常,聚合物的玻璃化转变温度会随着链刚性逐步提升。我们可以发现,在一方面,带有-C(CF3)2连结结构的聚合物比带有醚氧键连结结构的聚合物具有更高的玻璃化转变温度。在另一方面,对于同一种二酐来说,得到的带有三氟甲基侧基的聚合物表现出更低的玻璃化转变温度。对于热膨胀系数,我们发现与聚合物中的三氟甲基的含量相关,随着聚合物中三氟甲基的含量逐渐增多,其热膨胀系数呈现出缓慢增加的趋势。含有相同三氟甲基含量的PI-2和PI-3尽管其三氟甲基的位置各不相同,但是却表现出相似的热膨胀系数。PI-1到3表现出了相对较低的低于50ppm/℃的热膨胀系数值。表4为材料的热学性能
表4
a为5%和10%的质量损失使用TGA在10℃/min下于氮气氛围中测试;b为800℃的残留质量;c为使用TMA在10℃/min下测试;d为使用TMA以10℃/min在50-200℃温度区间内测试。
光学性能测试:
传统的聚酰亚胺薄膜由于分子链内与链间强烈的CTC效应表现出由黄至棕不等的深色。对于本发明中的一系列生物衍生类聚合物薄膜,都表现出了极淡的颜色甚至几乎无色。对于PI-1/2其截至波长低于350nm,对于PI-3/4,其截止波长非常接近350nm。对于透过率来说,PI-1/4,在450nm处的透过率超过85%,在500nm处,PI-4的透过率甚至超过了90%。这些结果表明这些肌肌醇衍生的聚酰亚胺材料可以提供良好的光学透明性。同时研究表明在聚合物上引入大体积环己侧基由于其巨大的空间位阻,有助于显著降低CTC效应。表5为材料的光学性能。
表5
a为截止波长.b为400和450nm的透射率.
力学性能测试:
本发明中所有的肌肌醇衍生类聚酰亚胺都具有在3785~4770MPa之间的良好拉伸模量和介于2.89~3.18%的拉伸断裂率。特别的,这些聚酰亚胺表现出了在85~119MPa之间的拉伸强度,现有大多数已报道聚酰亚胺材料其拉伸强度一般处于70~100MPa。因此本发明中在聚酰亚胺中引入合适的生物质基原料也可以有助于提升其力学性能。
表6为材料的力学性能。
表6
Ts:拉伸强度.TM:拉伸模量.EB:伸长断裂率.
亲水性能测试:
本发明对肌肌醇衍生的聚酰亚胺体系薄膜进行了脱保护处理,并测试了相应对保护后材料接触角的改变。通过简易的步骤移除部分材料表面的环己侧基暴露出一定数目的羟基后(如图6所示),材料的亲水性得到了一定提升。对于DOCF/ODPA体系来说,其接触角由76°降低至64°,对于DOCF/6FDA,其接触角在脱保护后由79°降低至55°。
综上,本发明提供的聚酰亚胺材料基于引入了大体积的环己侧基,聚合物骨架间的CTC效应得到了有效降低,以此使得聚酰亚胺材料趋近于无色,有效提高了其光学透明性能。另一方面,大位阻侧基的引入有效的提供了更多的自由体积使得溶解分子更容易渗透进入聚合物骨架中从而有效提升了聚酰亚胺材料的溶解性能。此外,将环己侧基移除之后,暴露出来的羟基可以通过后修饰设计合成更加优异的复合功能性聚合物材料。
Claims (10)
1.一种基于生物质原料的二胺单体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1.将含有二甲氧基的饱和环烷烃与肌醇进行缩酮反应,得到化合物a;
S2.将化合物a与卤代硝基苯类化合物进行取代反应,得到化合物b;
S3.将化合物b中的硝基进行还原反应,得到所述二胺单体;
R1和R5的定义相同,分别代表氢或C1~C5烷基;R2,R3,R4的定义相同,分别代表氢、卤基或C1~C5烷基,C1~C5烷基中的任意一个或多个氢可被卤基取代;R2,R3,R4不同时为氢或C1~C5烷基;
步骤S1中,化合物a与卤代硝基苯类化合物反应的摩尔比为1:(1.5~3.5);含有二甲氧基的饱和环烷烃中饱和环烷烃为C3~C8的饱和环烷烃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,含有二甲氧基的饱和环烷烃中饱和环烷烃为C4~C6的饱和环烷烃。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,R1和R5的定义相同,分别代表氢或C1~C3饱和直链烷基。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,R2,R3,R4的定义相同,分别代表氢、卤基或C1~C3饱和直链烷基,C1~C3饱和直链烷基中的任意一个或多个氢可被卤基取代。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,R2、R4均不为卤基。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,卤基为氯或氟。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1缩酮反应中,加入溶剂和催化剂在90~110℃下反应10~15小时,然后进行酸碱中和,稀释后过滤洗涤。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中取代反应中,加入溶剂和催化剂,在125~145℃下反应10~15h。
9.权利要求1至8任一所述的制备方法制备得到的二胺单体。
10.一种基于生物质原料的聚酰亚胺,其特征在于,将权利要求9所述的二胺单体与常规的二酐单体进行聚合反应后获得。
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