CN108585860A - 一种铜基复合材料受电弓滑板的制备工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铜基复合材料受电弓滑板的制备工艺,包括如下步骤:S1、原料;S2、混粉;S3、粘结;S4、模压;S5、将S4中的砖坯放入阴凉处自然干燥30‑40小时后,放入干燥窑中通过250‑300℃烘干10‑15小时;S6、将S5处理后的砖坯放入焙烧炉中,抽真空,通过2300℃高温焙烧;S7、将S6处理后的碳基体取出,除去表面毛刺,然后采用高压水枪清洗,使其表面孔洞打开,然后烘干备用;S8、将S7处理后的碳基体放入浸渍罐中,抽真空,然后将碳基体加热至600‑800℃,保持3‑4小时;然后将改质煤沥青加热至200℃,倒入浸渍罐中,并向浸渍罐内充入保护气,使得浸渍罐内气压为10‑15MPa,保持8‑12小时;S9、将S8处理后的碳基体取出,清理表面;S10、将S9处理后的碳基体加工成碳滑板即可。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制造受电弓碳滑板的工艺,特别是涉及一种铜基复合材料受电弓滑板的制备工艺。
背景技术
电力机车的动力连接器就是受电弓碳滑板,而碳滑板的重要材料即碳滑条。其工作原理就是碳滑条与接触电网摩擦接触取电,传送给电力机车,从而来维持其正常运行。由于工作环境是在自然环境中进行,有时会暴露冻雨、冰雪在恶劣的天气中,且还在高速运行,与接触电网不断产生摩擦,在摩擦的过程会有电弧、冲击等现象的发生,因而也成为频繁更换的部件。
由此可见碳滑条材料综合性能是其必备条件,其中高强度、高韧性、低电阻、耐磨以及自润滑特性的滑动电接触材料是最佳选择。
现如今电力机车受电弓碳滑板分为三种:粉末冶金滑板、纯碳滑板、碳基复合材料滑板。而且要保证碳滑板的导电性和自润性一般都会采取浸金属工艺,但是目前的碳滑板浸金属工艺较为复杂,而且效率偏低。
因此,申请人提出一种铜基复合材料受电弓滑板的制备工艺,其制备的碳滑板各项性能指标满足国标要求,且工艺简单、效率高。
发明内容
基于现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种铜基复合材料受电弓滑板的制备工艺。
具体为,本发明提供的一种铜基复合材料受电弓滑板的制备工艺,包括如下步骤:
S1、原料,石油焦、鳞片状石墨、矾土基β-Sialon粉、铜粉、改质煤沥青、石墨烯、酚醛树脂、铅合金;
铜铅合金、石油焦、矾土基β-Sialon粉粒度90-130目;
所述铜铅合金中各成分含量为Cu64-65%、Pb23.5%、余量为Sn+Si+Ni及其它;
所述石墨烯的平均粒度为50-100目,拉伸模量≤1.01TPa,极限强度≤116Gpa;
所述改质煤沥青的软化点为90-100℃,结焦值为≥55%,灰分≤0.20%;
S11、将鳞片状石墨、石墨烯放入焙烧炉内,充入气压为1-1.5MPa的保护气,通过1200-1300℃的高温焙烧1-2小时;
S12、将S11处理后的鳞片状石墨、石墨烯破碎至粒径不超过0.1㎜;
S2、混粉,将以下组分按照重量份数比取出并混合均匀:石油焦10-20、铜铅合金1-3、铜粉3-5,获得骨料;
将S12处理后的鳞片状石墨、S12处理后的石墨烯、矾土基β-Sialon粉、按照重量份数比为40-60:20-40:4-8的比例混合均匀,获得细粉;
将骨料和细粉按照重量份数比为30-40:60-80的比例混合均匀,获得混合原料;
优选地,在混合过程中可以加入适量乙醇,采用湿混的方法,这样能够使混合更加均匀,且混合完成后烘干;
S3、粘结,将S2中的混合原料、酚醛树脂、改质煤沥青按照重量份数比为80-85:20-40:5-8的比例混合均匀,使酚醛树脂将混合原料粘结;
S4、模压,将S3中混合后的混合原料放入模具中,通过650吨以上的摩擦压力机压制成30*30*200㎜的砖坯;
S5、将S4中的砖坯放入阴凉处自然干燥30-40小时后,放入干燥窑中通过250-300℃烘干10-15小时;
S6、将S5处理后的砖坯放入焙烧炉中,抽真空,通过2300℃高温焙烧,升温过程如下:
室温-400℃,按照70℃/h升温;
401-1000℃,按照60℃/h升温;
1000-1500℃,按照100℃/h升温,达到1500℃后保持5-7h;砖坯在1500℃左右时其内部应力需要释放,否则会导致砖坯开裂,因此,在1500℃保持5-7小时可以使其释放应力,增加成品率;
1500℃-2300℃,按照按照80℃/h升温,达到2300℃后保持5-10小时;这个过程能够使石油焦石墨化,从而增加成品导电性能和自润滑性;
然后在,焙烧炉中按照以下降温方式降温,获得碳基体:
2300-1000℃,80℃/h;
1000-300℃,100℃/h;达到300摄氏度后取出风冷至室温;
在高温焙烧过程中,改质煤沥青会产生会发气体,挥发气体向外排出后会使得碳机体内部形成多孔结构,这可大大降低后期浸渍时间,且由于骨料中采用了铜粉、石油焦,其强度依然能够满足设计需求。
S7、将S6处理后的碳基体取出,除去表面毛刺,然后采用高压水枪清洗,使其表面孔洞打开,然后烘干备用;
S8、将S7处理后的碳基体放入浸渍罐中,抽真空,然后将碳基体加热至600-800℃,保持3-4小时;
然后将改质煤沥青加热至200℃,倒入浸渍罐中,并向浸渍罐内充入保护气(氩气),使得浸渍罐内气压为10-15MPa,保持8-12小时;
S9、将S8处理后的碳基体取出,清理表面;
S10、将S9处理后的碳基体加工成碳滑板即可。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明实施起来较为简单,且成本偏低,成品具有较好的导电性能和耐磨性、自润滑性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明:
实施例一
一种铜基复合材料受电弓滑板的制备工艺,包括如下步骤:
S1、原料,石油焦、鳞片状石墨、矾土基β-Sialon粉、铜粉、改质煤沥青、石墨烯、酚醛树脂、铅合金;
铜铅合金、石油焦、矾土基β-Sialon粉粒度90-130目;
所述铜铅合金中各成分含量为Cu64-65%、Pb23.5%、余量为Sn+Si+Ni及其它;
所述石墨烯的平均粒度为50-100目,拉伸模量≤1.01TPa,极限强度≤116Gpa;
所述改质煤沥青的软化点为90-100℃,结焦值为≥55%,灰分≤0.20%;
S11、将鳞片状石墨、石墨烯放入焙烧炉内,充入气压为1-1.5MPa的保护气,通过1300℃的高温焙烧1-2小时;
S12、将S11处理后的鳞片状石墨、石墨烯破碎至粒径不超过0.1㎜;
S2、混粉,将以下组分按照重量份数比取出并混合均匀:石油焦15、铜铅合金2.5、铜粉3,获得骨料;
将S12处理后的鳞片状石墨、S12处理后的石墨烯、矾土基β-Sialon粉、按照重量份数比为50:25:6的比例混合均匀,获得细粉;
将骨料和细粉按照重量份数比为35:70的比例混合均匀,获得混合原料;
优选地,在混合过程中可以加入适量乙醇,采用湿混的方法,这样能够使混合更加均匀,且混合完成后烘干;
S3、粘结,将S2中的混合原料、酚醛树脂、改质煤沥青按照重量份数比为82:35:6的比例混合均匀,使酚醛树脂将混合原料粘结;
S4、模压,将S3中混合后的混合原料放入模具中,通过650吨以上的摩擦压力机压制成30*30*200㎜的砖坯;
S5、将S4中的砖坯放入阴凉处自然干燥35小时后,放入干燥窑中通过300℃烘干12小时;
S6、将S5处理后的砖坯放入焙烧炉中,抽真空,通过2300℃高温焙烧,升温过程如下:
室温-400℃,按照70℃/h升温;
401-1000℃,按照60℃/h升温;
1000-1500℃,按照100℃/h升温,达到1500℃后保持6h;
1500℃-2300℃,按照按照80℃/h升温,达到2300℃后保持8小时;
然后在,焙烧炉中按照以下降温方式降温,获得碳基体:
2300-1000℃,80℃/h;
1000-300℃,100℃/h;达到300摄氏度后取出风冷至室温;
S7、将S6处理后的碳基体取出,除去表面毛刺,然后采用高压水枪清洗,使其表面孔洞打开,然后烘干备用;
S8、将S7处理后的碳基体放入浸渍罐中,抽真空,然后将碳基体加热至700℃,保持3-4小时;
然后将改质煤沥青加热至200℃,倒入浸渍罐中,并向浸渍罐内充入保护气(氩气),使得浸渍罐内气压为12MPa,保持10小时;
S9、将S8处理后的碳基体取出,清理表面;
S10、将S9处理后的碳基体加工成碳滑板即可。
实施例二
一种铜基复合材料受电弓滑板的制备工艺,包括如下步骤:
S1、原料,石油焦、鳞片状石墨、矾土基β-Sialon粉、铜粉、改质煤沥青、石墨烯、酚醛树脂、铅合金;
铜铅合金、石油焦、矾土基β-Sialon粉粒度90-130目;
所述铜铅合金中各成分含量为Cu64-65%、Pb23.5%、余量为Sn+Si+Ni及其它;
所述石墨烯的平均粒度为50-100目,拉伸模量≤1.01TPa,极限强度≤116Gpa;
所述改质煤沥青的软化点为90-100℃,结焦值为≥55%,灰分≤0.20%;
S11、将鳞片状石墨、石墨烯放入焙烧炉内,充入气压为1-1.5MPa的保护气,通过1250℃的高温焙烧1-2小时;
S12、将S11处理后的鳞片状石墨、石墨烯破碎至粒径不超过0.1㎜;
S2、混粉,将以下组分按照重量份数比取出并混合均匀:石油焦15、铜铅合金2、铜粉4,获得骨料;
将S12处理后的鳞片状石墨、S12处理后的石墨烯、矾土基β-Sialon粉、按照重量份数比为55:35:4的比例混合均匀,获得细粉;
将骨料和细粉按照重量份数比为38:75的比例混合均匀,获得混合原料;
优选地,在混合过程中可以加入适量乙醇,采用湿混的方法,这样能够使混合更加均匀,且混合完成后烘干;
S3、粘结,将S2中的混合原料、酚醛树脂、改质煤沥青按照重量份数比为85:20:8的比例混合均匀,使酚醛树脂将混合原料粘结;
S4、模压,将S3中混合后的混合原料放入模具中,通过650吨以上的摩擦压力机压制成30*30*200㎜的砖坯;
S5、将S4中的砖坯放入阴凉处自然干燥30-40小时后,放入干燥窑中通过250-300℃烘干10-15小时;
S6、将S5处理后的砖坯放入焙烧炉中,抽真空,通过2300℃高温焙烧,升温过程如下:
室温-400℃,按照70℃/h升温;
401-1000℃,按照60℃/h升温;
1000-1500℃,按照100℃/h升温,达到1500℃后保持7h;
1500℃-2300℃,按照按照80℃/h升温,达到2300℃后保持5-10小时;
然后在,焙烧炉中按照以下降温方式降温,获得碳基体:
2300-1000℃,80℃/h;
1000-300℃,100℃/h;达到300摄氏度后取出风冷至室温;
S7、将S6处理后的碳基体取出,除去表面毛刺,然后采用高压水枪清洗,使其表面孔洞打开,然后烘干备用;
S8、将S7处理后的碳基体放入浸渍罐中,抽真空,然后将碳基体加热至700℃,保持3小时;
然后将改质煤沥青加热至200℃,倒入浸渍罐中,并向浸渍罐内充入保护气(氩气),使得浸渍罐内气压为14MPa,保持11小时;
S9、将S8处理后的碳基体取出,清理表面;
S10、将S9处理后的碳基体加工成碳滑板即可。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解,本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案,皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种铜基复合材料受电弓滑板的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、原料,石油焦、鳞片状石墨、矾土基β-Sialon粉、铜粉、改质煤沥青、石墨烯、酚醛树脂、铅合金;
S11、将鳞片状石墨、石墨烯放入焙烧炉内,充入气压为1-1.5MPa的保护气,通过1200-1300℃的高温焙烧1-2小时;
S12、将S11处理后的鳞片状石墨、石墨烯破碎至粒径不超过0.1㎜;
S2、混粉,将以下组分按照重量份数比取出并混合均匀:石油焦10-20、铜铅合金1-3、铜粉3-5按照混合混匀,获得骨料;
将S12处理后的鳞片状石墨、S12处理后的石墨烯、矾土基β-Sialon粉、按照重量份数比为40-60:20-40:4-8的比例混合均匀,获得细粉;
将骨料和细粉按照重量份数比为30-40:60-80的比例混合均匀,获得混合原料;
S3、粘结,将S2中的混合原料、酚醛树脂、改质煤沥青按照重量份数比为80-85:20-40:5-8的比例混合均匀,使酚醛树脂将混合原料粘结;
S4、模压,将S3中混合后的混合原料放入模具中,通过650吨以上的摩擦压力机压制成砖坯;
S5、将S4中的砖坯放入阴凉处自然干燥30-40小时后,放入干燥窑中通过250-300℃烘干10-15小时;
S6、将S5处理后的砖坯放入焙烧炉中,抽真空,通过2300℃高温焙烧;
S7、将S6处理后的碳基体取出,除去表面毛刺,然后采用高压水枪清洗,使其表面孔洞打开,然后烘干备用;
S8、将S7处理后的碳基体放入浸渍罐中,抽真空,然后将碳基体加热至600-800℃,保持3-4小时;
然后将改质煤沥青加热至200℃,倒入浸渍罐中,并向浸渍罐内充入保护气,使得浸渍罐内气压为10-15MPa,保持8-12小时;
S9、将S8处理后的碳基体取出,清理表面;
S10、将S9处理后的碳基体加工成碳滑板即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备工艺,其特征在于,S1中,铜铅合金、石油焦、矾土基β-Sialon粉粒度90-130目;
所述铜铅合金中各成分含量为Cu64-65%、Pb23.5%、余量为Sn+Si+Ni及其它;
所述石墨烯的平均粒度为50-100目,拉伸模量≤1.01TPa,极限强度≤116Gpa;
所述改质煤沥青的软化点为90-100℃,结焦值为≥55%,灰分≤0.20%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备工艺,其特征在于,S4中砖坯的尺寸为30*30*200㎜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备工艺,其特征在于,S6中,升温过程如下:
室温-400℃,按照70℃/h升温;
401-1000℃,按照60℃/h升温;
1000-1500℃,按照100℃/h升温,达到1500℃后保持5-7h;
1500℃-2300℃,按照按照80℃/h升温,达到2300℃后保持5-10小时;
然后在,焙烧炉中按照以下降温方式降温,获得碳基体:
2300-1000℃,80℃/h;
1000-300℃,100℃/h;达到300摄氏度后取出风冷至室温。
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