CN108581057B - Surface alloying weakening treatment auxiliary processing method for efficient cutting of difficult-to-process material - Google Patents
Surface alloying weakening treatment auxiliary processing method for efficient cutting of difficult-to-process material Download PDFInfo
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- CN108581057B CN108581057B CN201810419916.9A CN201810419916A CN108581057B CN 108581057 B CN108581057 B CN 108581057B CN 201810419916 A CN201810419916 A CN 201810419916A CN 108581057 B CN108581057 B CN 108581057B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D79/00—Methods, machines, or devices not covered elsewhere, for working metal by removal of material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
Abstract
The invention provides an auxiliary processing method for removing the alloying weakening treatment of a surface for efficiently cutting a difficult-to-process material, which can obviously improve the cutting processability and the surface processing quality of a workpiece material, reduce the cutting energy consumption, slow down the abrasion of a cutter and the like. The technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps: a) determining the thickness of the weakened treatment layer of the workpiece material and the category and the infiltration amount of the alloy elements according to the processing requirements; b) processing the surface of the processed material by using alloying equipment, and optimizing alloying process parameters to obtain the thickness of a set alloying layer and the infiltration amount of the required alloy elements; c) cutting the alloying layer of the workpiece material; d) the effect of improving the machinability of a material difficult to machine was evaluated. The workpiece material suitable for the invention comprises plastic difficult-to-process material, brittle difficult-to-process material and the like. Simple steps, convenient operation and strong practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-efficiency cutting of difficult-to-machine materials, and particularly relates to a surface-removed layer alloying weakening auxiliary machining method for high-efficiency cutting of difficult-to-machine materials.
Background
With the rapid development of high-end equipment manufacturing such as aerospace, electric equipment and new energy industry, the requirement on the service performance of parts is continuously improved, so that the application proportion of difficult-to-machine materials is higher and higher, and the high-efficiency, high-quality and high-precision cutting machining of the difficult-to-machine materials brings great challenges to the development of the manufacturing industry.
The machinability of different materials is determined by material properties such as material components, microstructures, mechanical properties and the like, and common reasons of poor machinability of materials mainly comprise high-temperature strength, poor heat conductivity, large plastic deformation and the like of the materials, so that the problems of high cutting energy consumption, severe tool abrasion and the like are caused, and formed continuous cuttings are easy to tangle with a tool to scratch a machining surface to influence automatic machining.
The means for improving the machinability of the difficult-to-machine material can change the physical and mechanical properties of the machined material by changing the chemical components, phase components, crystal structures, intercrystalline inclusions or pores and other factors of the machined material in addition to the passive control methods such as the improvement of the cutter material, the cutter structure or the cutting process, thereby improving the machinability of the difficult-to-machine material and realizing the active control of high-efficiency, high-quality and high-precision cutting.
The sub-macro pigeon relates to the research on PCVD composite diffusion strengthening of the surface of a high-speed steel cutter, and uses the PCVD composite diffusion technology to strengthen the surface of a W6Mo5Cr4VZ (MZ) high-speed steel cutter. The surface microhardness of the untreated and PCVD composite diffusion coating treated high-speed steel cutter is researched, the difference between the frictional wear performance of the high-speed steel cutter before and after the PCVD and the binding force between a sample coating and a substrate is analyzed, the oxidation resistance of the coating before and after the PCVD treatment is preliminarily analyzed, and the treatment part of the cutter is analyzed by using an SEM (scanning electron microscope).
The research status of titanium alloy grinding is summarized by the progress of titanium alloy grinding research, the selection of grinding parameters, the control of surface quality (grinding burn and grinding wheel adhesion), efficient grinding, finite element simulation of the grinding process and the like are analyzed in detail at home and abroad, and the problems to be solved in the aspect of titanium alloy grinding in China are discussed.
However, the prior art does not relate to the problem of improving the processing efficiency of the material through weakening the surface layer of the material difficult to process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides a high-efficiency processing technology of the difficult-to-process material based on the surface-removed layer alloying weakening auxiliary processing, which can obviously improve the processing efficiency and the processing quality of the difficult-to-process material, realize the effective control of the cutting morphology and greatly reduce the processing energy consumption and the cutter abrasion.
The invention adopts surface alloying treatment technical means (such as 'double-layer glow ion metal infiltration furnace' provided by patent ZL87104626.1 and 'arc glow ion metal infiltration technology and equipment' provided by patent ZL 90103841.5) to realize weakening treatment of difficult-to-process materials by infiltration of alloy elements through a removal layer on the surface of workpiece materials, thereby improving the cutting processability of the materials and improving the cutting efficiency and the processing quality of the materials.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a surface alloying weakening treatment auxiliary processing method for efficiently cutting difficult-to-process materials comprises the following steps:
alloying the material difficult to process to weaken the surface;
and cutting the difficult-to-process material with the weakened surface to obtain the material.
The existing processing technology of difficult-to-process materials mostly improves the cutting efficiency by strengthening the surface of a cutter, but also has the problems of high cost, large processing difficulty and the like, for this reason, the application carries out systematic research on the change rule and the influence factors of the crystal structure in the cutting process of different difficult-to-process materials, provides a method for reducing the processing difficulty of the difficult-to-process materials by weakening the surface layer of the difficult-to-process materials, and finds out through large-scale experiments: the surface weakening of the material difficult to process by adopting the alloying treatment has high processing efficiency and can effectively reduce the surface roughness and the processing energy consumption of the material difficult to process.
Preferably, the difficult-to-machine material includes a plastic difficult-to-machine material and a brittle difficult-to-machine material.
More preferably, the plastic difficult-to-process material includes: nickel-base high-temperature alloy and titanium alloy.
More preferably, the brittle, difficult-to-process material includes: ceramics, semiconductors, single crystals.
Preferably, the alloying treatment adopts alloying equipment comprising: glow ion infiltration alloying equipment, ion implantation equipment, plasma infiltration equipment or magnetron sputtering instrument.
The existing glow ion metal infiltration furnace can carry out unit infiltration or multi-element co-infiltration of Ti, Al, Ni, W, Mo and the like, but the research of the application finds that: for the precipitation hardening type nickel-chromium-iron alloy containing niobium and molybdenum, when the sulfur element is used as the infiltration element, the surface layer weakening effect of the nickel-base alloy is optimal.
The research shows that: if the infiltration amount of the sulfur element is less than 0.08%, the surface layer of the workpiece cannot be effectively weakened, the cutting energy consumption is still high, if the infiltration amount of the sulfur element is more than 0.12%, the use amount of the sulfur element is continuously increased, the cutting energy consumption is not changed greatly, and the machined surface roughness of the workpiece is slightly increased, so that the preferable infiltration amount of the sulfur element in the application is 0.08-0.12% of the total mass of the surface layer elements of the workpiece, so that the cutting energy consumption and the surface roughness of the workpiece are effectively reduced.
Preferably, in the alloying treatment, the required alloying elements and the infiltration amount are determined by utilizing a first-nature principle, an element diffusion kinetic theory and first-nature principle calculation simulation software VASP or WIEN2 k.
Preferably, the cutting depth adopted during cutting is less than or equal to the thickness of the alloying layer of the workpiece material, and the total cutting amount of the material surface layer is equal to the thickness of the weakening treatment layer.
The invention also provides a difficult-to-process material processed by any one of the methods.
The invention also provides application of the alloying treatment in reducing the surface roughness of the machined material difficult to machine.
The invention also provides application of the alloying treatment in reducing the cutting energy consumption of the difficult-to-machine material.
The invention has the advantages of
(1) The alloying equipment used in the invention is excited to generate high-speed moving ion beams by the alloying target material under the condition of setting alloying technological parameters (such as voltage in the glow ion alloying technology and the alloying target material), and bombards the surface of the workpiece for a certain time, so that the structure of the material of the removed layer of the workpiece is changed, including surface layer grain size, lattice orientation, intercrystalline inclusion, phase change and the like. After the surface layer is infiltrated with the set alloy elements, intercrystalline inclusions of the surface layer material are increased, the crystal boundary energy is reduced, the original phase is converted into an intercrystalline weakening phase, the strength and the plasticity of the surface layer material of the workpiece are reduced, and the directional regulation and control of the plastic-brittle performance of the workpiece material are realized, so that the aims of improving the cutting processability and the surface processing quality of the workpiece material, reducing the cutting energy consumption, slowing down the abrasion of a cutter and the like are fulfilled. The method is flexible and convenient, and can essentially improve the problem of poor cutting processability of workpiece materials.
(2) The method has the advantages of simplicity, high cutting efficiency, strong practicability and easy popularization.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a process for improving machinability of a difficult-to-machine material by alloy infiltration, wherein (a) an original structure of a workpiece material, (b) a surface layer of the workpiece material is subjected to alloying treatment, (c) quantitative control of the thickness and the content of alloying elements of an alloyed layer is performed, and (d) the alloyed layer is removed by cutting;
fig. 2 shows a microstructure of a surface layer after sulfurization with nickel-based alloy Inconel 718 as a workpiece material, wherein the left image is a schematic crystal structure diagram, and the right image is a charge distribution simulation result. The simulation result is obtained when the sulfur content accounts for 0.1 percent of the total mass of the surface layer elements, and the weakening degree of the surface layer material can be obtained according to the charge distribution simulation result;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the structure of the solid solution formed after the alloying treatment (a) interstitial solid solutions, (b) substitutional solid solutions;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the crystal structure of a substitutional solid solution formed after the surface layer of a workpiece material is subjected to alloying treatment;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of the surface morphology of the workpiece material before and after the surface layer alloying weakening treatment (a) before treatment and (b) after treatment;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of cutting forces before and after the surface layer of the workpiece material is subjected to alloying weakening treatment.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The workpiece material is a nickel-based high-temperature alloy or titanium alloy and other difficult-to-machine materials. Firstly, according to a first nature principle and an element diffusion kinetic theory analysis result, obtaining element types capable of weakening the surface layer of a workpiece material, and optimizing and determining the infiltration amount of alloy elements. Secondly, the sample is placed in alloying treatment equipment for surface alloying treatment, and certain surface alloying treatment time is applied according to the processing requirements (cutting depth and the like). Through alloying weakening treatment, the crystal structure (including the grain size, the lattice orientation, intercrystalline inclusions, phase change and the like) of the surface layer of a sample is changed, so that intercrystalline inclusions of a surface layer material are increased, the grain boundary can be reduced, an original phase is converted into an intercrystalline weakening phase, the oriented regulation and control of the plastic-brittle performance of a workpiece material are realized, the mechanical property of a removed layer material of the workpiece is weakened, the cutting processability and the surface processing quality of the workpiece material are effectively improved, the cutting energy consumption is reduced, and the cutter abrasion is favorably slowed down; meanwhile, the performance of the workpiece material is changed, so that the formation of broken chips is easy to realize, and the automatic operation of the cutting process is ensured.
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
A surface-removing layer alloying weakening auxiliary processing technology for efficiently cutting difficult-to-process materials comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the thickness of the weakened treatment layer on the surface layer of the workpiece material and the category and the infiltration amount of alloy elements required to be infiltrated according to the requirements of processing parameters (cutting depth and the like);
(2) processing the surface of the processed material by using alloying equipment, and optimizing alloying process parameters to obtain the thickness of a set alloying layer and the infiltration amount of alloy elements;
(4) cutting the alloying layer of the workpiece material;
(5) and testing the quality of the processed surface, observing the form of the cutting chip, calculating the cutting energy consumption and the like.
In the surface alloying weakening auxiliary processing technology for efficient cutting of difficult-to-process materials, in the step (1), when determining the required alloy element infiltration and the infiltration amount, a first principle and an element diffusion kinetic theory are used, and simulation software VASP or WIEN2k (or other software with similar simulation functions) is calculated according to the first principle.
In the surface alloying weakening treatment auxiliary processing technology for efficiently cutting the difficult-to-process material, in the step (2), the alloying equipment can be glow ion alloying equipment, ion implantation equipment, plasma infiltration equipment or magnetron sputtering instrument or other equipment or instruments.
In the step (3), the cutting depth adopted in the cutting process is less than or equal to the thickness of the alloying layer of the workpiece material, and the total cutting amount of the surface layer of the material is equal to the thickness of the weakening treatment layer.
Example 1
The difficult-to-machine material adopted in this embodiment is nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718.
(1) The cutting depth of 0.05mm is taken as the processing requirement, the thickness of the alloying layer is controlled to be 0.05mm, simulation software VASP is calculated by utilizing the first principle to carry out simulation, and the simulation result is as follows: the sulfur element is selected as an alloy element for weakening the surface layer of the workpiece material, and the infiltration amount of the sulfur element is 0.1 percent of the total mass of the elements on the surface layer of the workpiece.
(2) The surface layer of the workpiece material is processed by using an ion infiltration furnace, and the sulfur element infiltration amount and the infiltration layer thickness (namely 0.05mm) required by a simulation result are obtained by controlling the electrode potential (the potential difference between a source electrode and a cathode electrode is 300V) and the infiltration time (25min) of the ion infiltration furnace.
(3) The alloying layer of the workpiece material was cut with a coated cemented carbide tool (model: SNHX12L5 PZTNNGP, coating material: KC725M)) to a cutting depth of 0.05mm in a right angle cutting mode at a cutting speed of 100 m/min.
(4) And observing the chip form of the alloying layer. Compared with the cutting of the original workpiece material (example 2) which is not weakened, the chip form is changed from a continuous belt shape to a broken shape, and the surface roughness R is processed
a0.4454 μm, and the average cutting energy consumption is 2.565GJ/m
3The machinability is significantly improved.
Example 2
The difficult-to-machine material adopted in this embodiment is nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718.
(1) The nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 workpiece was machined with a coated cemented carbide tool (model: SNHX12L5 PZTNNGP, coating material: KC725M)) to a depth of cut of 0.05mm in a right-angle cutting mode at a cutting speed of 100 m/min.
(4) Observing the cutting form of the alloying layer, wherein the cutting form is a continuous belt shape, and the processing surface roughness R
a0.524 μm and an average cutting energy consumption of 3.42GJ/m
3。
Comparing the processing surface appearance and the cutting force before and after the weakening treatment of the surface layer of the workpiece material in the embodiments 1 and 2 (as shown in the attached drawings 5 and 6), compared with the cutting of the original workpiece material which is not weakened, the cutting shape of the alloying treatment workpiece is changed from a continuous strip shape into a broken shape, the processing surface roughness is reduced by 15%, the cutting energy consumption is reduced by 25%, and the cutting processability is obviously improved.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A surface alloying weakening treatment auxiliary processing method for efficiently cutting difficult-to-process materials is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
alloying the material difficult to process to weaken the surface; in the alloying treatment, the needed alloying elements and the infiltration amount are determined by utilizing a first principle, an element diffusion kinetic theory and first principle calculation simulation software VASP or WIEN2 k; in the alloying treatment, the infiltration element is sulfur, and the infiltration amount is 0.08-0.12%;
cutting the difficult-to-process material with the weakened surface to obtain the material;
the difficult-to-machine material is nickel-based superalloy.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the alloying process uses an alloying apparatus comprising: glow ion infiltration alloying equipment, ion implantation equipment, plasma infiltration equipment or magnetron sputtering instrument.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cutting depth used during the cutting process is less than or equal to the thickness of the alloyed layer of the workpiece material, and the total amount of material surface layer removed is equal to the thickness of the weakened treatment layer.
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| CN201810419916.9A CN108581057B (en) | 2018-05-04 | 2018-05-04 | Surface alloying weakening treatment auxiliary processing method for efficient cutting of difficult-to-process material |
| PCT/CN2018/097266 WO2019210590A1 (en) | 2018-05-04 | 2018-07-26 | Surface layer alloying weakening treatment and auxiliary processing method for efficient cutting of difficult-to-process material |
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| US11964337B2 (en) | 2022-04-14 | 2024-04-23 | Shandong University | NiTi alloy surface cutting process and roughness adjustment method |
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| CN110372410B (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2021-08-24 | 成都工业学院 | Metal-ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112239842B (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-08-31 | 山东大学 | Surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting |
| CN114734207B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-04-18 | 山东大学 | NiTi alloy surface cutting process and roughness adjusting method |
| CN115354274A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-11-18 | 山东大学 | Dynamic microwave thermal shock method for modifying alloy surface layer, application and workpiece |
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| CN1028546C (en) * | 1990-06-01 | 1995-05-24 | 太原工业大学 | Arc-glowing ionized metal infusion process and its equipment |
| JP2004307965A (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-11-04 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | Method for removing arsenic and antimony by separation from slag fuming dust |
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| CN1158909A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1997-09-10 | 北京市朝阳达威新技术实验厂 | Metal surface sulfurizing treatment method |
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| EP2803737A2 (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2014-11-19 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Method of manufacturing pressed part and steel sheet for press working |
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