CN112239842B - Surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting - Google Patents
Surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting Download PDFInfo
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
Abstract
The invention provides a surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting, which comprises the steps of coating solid tellurium element powder on the surface of nickel and chromium alloy, heating to 700-1200 ℃, preserving heat, enabling tellurium element to infiltrate into the surface layer of the nickel and chromium alloy, and then cutting the heated nickel and chromium alloy. The invention can obviously improve the cutting processability and the surface processing quality of the workpiece material, reduce the cutting energy consumption, slow down the abrasion of the cutter and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of efficient cutting processing of nickel and chromium alloys, and relates to a surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
High temperature alloys are widely used in the manufacture of hot end critical components such as turbine disks, blisks, etc. for aircraft engines, gas turbines, etc. due to their high strength, high toughness, good fatigue resistance, oxidation and corrosion resistance, excellent creep and fatigue resistance, good structural stability, and reliability of use at high temperatures. Therefore, the high-temperature alloy becomes one of the important marks for measuring the development level of national materials, and the material is known as strategic high-temperature metal material which is moved to the outer space by human beings.
The cutting processability of the high-temperature alloy is poor due to the outstanding high-temperature mechanical property of the high-temperature alloy. While new tool materials and structures and new cutting processes continue to emerge and evolve, resulting in partial improvements in cutting of superalloys, the attendant increases in process design and manufacturing costs, and control of the chip morphology of the superalloys has not been effectively addressed.
The means for improving the machinability of the high-temperature alloy material can change the physical and mechanical properties of the machined material by changing the chemical components, phase components, crystal structures, intercrystalline inclusions or pores and other factors of the machined material besides improving the passive control methods such as a cutter material, a cutter structure or a cutting process, thereby improving the machinability of the high-temperature alloy material and realizing the active control of high-efficiency, high-quality and high-precision cutting.
The King about a surface alloying weakening auxiliary processing method for efficient alloy cutting utilizes a glow ion metal infiltration technology to change the surface structure of a material, including grain size, lattice orientation, intercrystalline inclusion, phase change and the like. After alloying elements, the workpiece has reduced mechanical strength and plasticity. The change in cutting force after the untreated and the metal-infiltrated treatments and the change in surface roughness after cutting were investigated.
Disclosure of Invention
The inventor finds that for cutting difficult-to-process materials including plastic materials (nickel-based alloys and titanium alloys) and brittle materials (ceramics, semiconductors and single crystals), other elements (such as sulfur elements) need to be infiltrated into the alloy surface layer by adopting an ion infiltration technology to change the structure of the material surface layer, and the ion infiltration technology has high requirements on equipment, high equipment investment cost and low efficiency.
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting, which can realize the infiltration of alloying elements on the surface layers of nickel and chromium alloys by adopting a heating and heat preservation technical means, can obviously improve the processing efficiency and the processing quality of the nickel and chromium alloys, realize the effective control of cutting morphology, and greatly reduce the processing energy consumption and the cutter abrasion.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
on the one hand, the surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting is characterized in that solid tellurium element powder is uniformly coated on the surface of nickel and chromium alloy, the nickel and chromium alloy is heated to 700-1200 ℃ for heat preservation, so that tellurium element is infiltrated into the surface layer of the nickel and chromium alloy, and then the nickel and chromium alloy after the heating treatment is subjected to cutting processing.
When the alloy element tellurium is treated, the method can realize the tellurium element infiltration only by carrying out common heating treatment, and has lower requirements on equipment. Meanwhile, after tellurium element is infiltrated into the surface layer of the nickel-chromium-containing alloy, crystal grains can be enlarged, intergranular cracks are generated, and the original phase is converted into a new intergranular phase, so that the strength and the hardness of the material of the alloy surface layer are reduced, the performance weakening of the alloy surface layer is realized, and the processing efficiency of the high-temperature alloy material is improved.
The research shows that: if the alloying temperature is lower than 700 ℃, the surface layer of the workpiece cannot be effectively weakened through short-time heating and heat preservation treatment, the microstructure of the surface layer of the workpiece has no obvious change, the cutting energy consumption is still high, and if the alloying temperature is between 700 ℃ and 1200 ℃, the microstructure change of the surface layer can be observed. Therefore, the invention selects the infiltration temperature of the alloying element to be between 700 ℃ and 1200 ℃ so as to effectively reduce the cutting energy consumption and improve the surface processing quality.
On the other hand, the application of the surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting in processing of the alloy workpiece is that the material of the alloy workpiece is an alloy material containing nickel and chromium.
In a third aspect, the workpiece is obtained by the surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for cutting the nickel and chromium alloy.
In a fourth aspect, the application of the surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting in adjusting the surface roughness of the processed alloy workpiece.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the processing method provided by the invention, tellurium is selected as the alloying element, the alloying element tellurium can be infiltrated into the surface layer of the alloy containing nickel and chromium only by a heat treatment mode, and the processing method is simple.
2. The method infiltrates tellurium into the surface layer of the alloy containing nickel and chromium at a specific temperature, increases crystal grains in the surface layer structure, generates intergranular cracks, converts an original phase into a new intergranular phase (an original intergranular precipitated phase (delta phase) reacts with Te element to generate a new intergranular phase), reduces the strength and hardness of the surface layer material of the workpiece, realizes the performance weakening of the surface layer material of the workpiece, and further achieves the purposes of improving the cutting processability and the surface processing quality of the workpiece material, reducing the cutting energy consumption, slowing down the abrasion of a cutter and the like. The method can quantitatively control the thickness of the surface weakened layer according to the regulation and control of the heating temperature and the time, and fundamentally improves the difficult problem of poor cutting processability of workpiece materials.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mechanism of weakening a tellurium-doped surface layer by using a nickel-based alloy Inconel 718 as a workpiece material in example 1 of the present invention, (a) a schematic diagram of an original structure of the workpiece material, (b) a schematic diagram of a structure after the workpiece material is doped with tellurium in the surface layer, (c) a diagram of an original microstructure of the material, and (d) a diagram of a new intergranular phase and intergranular crack;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a change of a surface layer of a workpiece made of a Ni-based alloy Inconel 718 after tellurium infiltration in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a microstructure change diagram of a surface layer before and after tellurium infiltration in example 2 using a nickel-based alloy Inconel 718 as a workpiece material, (a) an original microstructure of the workpiece material, and (b) a microstructure after tellurium infiltration. The result is obtained under the conditions of heating rate of 50 ℃/min and heat preservation time of 4 hours at 900 ℃;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change of nano-hardness at intervals of 20 μm after tellurium infiltration on the surface layer of a workpiece material made of a nickel-based alloy Inconel 718 according to example 2 of the present invention, (a) is a cross-sectional view, and (b) is a hardness histogram from the surface layer to the inside of a base body;
fig. 5 is a graph showing the results of the micro scratch test performed after tellurium infiltration using ni-based alloy Inconel 718 as the surface layer of the workpiece material according to example 2 of the present invention, (a) is a cross-sectional view, (b) is an enlarged view of (a) a square frame, (c) is a transverse stress curve, and (d) is an enlarged view of (b) a square frame.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In view of the fact that the existing nickel and chromium alloy cutting needs to adopt an ion infiltration technology to infiltrate other elements (such as sulfur element and the like) into the alloy surface layer to change the surface layer structure of the material, the invention provides a surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting.
The invention provides a surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting, which comprises the steps of coating solid tellurium element powder on the surface of nickel and chromium alloy, heating to 700-1200 ℃, keeping the temperature, enabling the tellurium element to infiltrate into the surface layer of the nickel and chromium alloy, and then cutting the nickel and chromium alloy after heating treatment.
When the alloy element tellurium is treated, the method can realize the tellurium element infiltration only by carrying out common heating treatment, and has lower requirements on equipment. Meanwhile, after tellurium element is infiltrated into the surface layer of the nickel-chromium-containing alloy, crystal grains can be enlarged, intergranular cracks are generated, and the original phase is converted into a new intergranular phase, so that the strength and the hardness of the material of the alloy surface layer are reduced, the performance weakening of the alloy surface layer is realized, and the processing efficiency of the high-temperature alloy material is improved.
The research shows that: if the alloying temperature is lower than 700 ℃, the surface layer of the workpiece cannot be effectively weakened, the microstructure of the surface layer of the workpiece has no obvious change, the cutting energy consumption is still high, and if the alloying temperature is between 700 ℃ and 1200 ℃, the microstructure change of the surface layer can be observed. Therefore, the invention selects the infiltration temperature of the alloying element to be between 700 ℃ and 1200 ℃ so as to effectively reduce the cutting energy consumption and improve the surface processing quality.
In some examples of this embodiment, the nickel-containing, chromium-containing alloy includes iron-based superalloys, cobalt-based superalloys, nickel-based superalloys, and the like.
In one or more embodiments, the nickel-base superalloy is nickel-base superalloy Inconel 718.
In some examples of this embodiment, the apparatus for maintaining the temperature of the nickel-containing chromium alloy having a surface coated with the solid tellurium powder is a furnace.
In some examples of this embodiment, the cutting depth used during the cutting process is less than or equal to the thickness of the alloyed layer. The thickness of the alloy infiltration layer is the thickness of tellurium element infiltrating to the surface layer containing nickel and chromium alloy.
In some embodiments of this embodiment, the total cut thickness of the cutting process is equal to the layer thickness of the alloying layer.
In some examples of this embodiment, the depth of penetration in the alloying process is determined using elemental diffusion kinetics theory, and first principles calculations simulation software VASP or WIEN2 k.
In some examples of this embodiment, the heating is at a rate of 45 to 55 deg.C/min.
In some examples of this embodiment, the workpiece material is a high temperature alloy material such as a nickel-based superalloy. Firstly, according to the calculation of a first principle and the verification of test results, the alloy element used in the solid-state alloying process is determined to be tellurium. Secondly, the sample is placed in alloying treatment equipment for surface alloying element treatment, and certain solid alloying treatment time and treatment temperature are applied according to the processing requirements (cutting depth and the like). Through the weakening treatment of alloying element tellurium, the crystal structure (including the surface layer crystal grain size, intercrystalline cracks, phase change and the like) of the surface layer of the sample is changed, so that the crystal grains of the surface layer material are enlarged, the intercrystalline cracks are generated, and the original phase is converted into a new intercrystalline weakening phase, thereby realizing the directional regulation and control of the cutting performance of the workpiece material, weakening the mechanical property of the removed layer material of the workpiece, effectively improving the cutting processability and surface processing quality of the workpiece material, reducing the cutting energy consumption and being beneficial to slowing down the abrasion of a cutter; meanwhile, the performance of the workpiece material is changed, so that the formation of broken chips is easy to realize, and the automatic operation of the cutting process is ensured.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the thickness of the weakened treatment layer on the surface layer of the workpiece material and the treatment time and the treatment temperature of the needed alloying elements according to the requirements of processing parameters (cutting depth and the like);
(2) processing the surface of the processed material by using alloying equipment, and optimizing alloying process parameters to obtain the thickness of a set alloying layer and the infiltration amount of alloy elements;
(3) cutting the alloying layer of the workpiece material;
(4) and testing the quality of the processed surface, observing the shape of the chip and the like.
In the surface layer alloying element tellurium weakening auxiliary processing technology for high-efficiency cutting of the high-temperature alloy material, in the step (1), the thickness, the heating time and the heating temperature of the weakening layer are determined by utilizing a first principle and an element diffusion kinetic theory, and the first principle is used for calculating simulation software VASP or WIEN2k (or other software with similar simulation functions).
The surface alloying element tellurium weakening auxiliary processing technology for high-efficiency cutting of the high-temperature alloy material is characterized in that in the step (2), alloying equipment is a vacuum heating furnace or other heating equipment.
In the step (3), the cutting depth adopted in the cutting process is less than or equal to the thickness of the alloying layer of the workpiece material, and the total cutting amount of the surface layer of the material is equal to the thickness of the weakening treatment layer.
In another embodiment of the invention, the application of the surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting in processing of alloy workpieces is provided, wherein the alloy workpieces are made of alloy materials containing nickel and chromium.
In a third embodiment of the invention, the workpiece is obtained by the surface tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting.
The invention provides an application of the surface tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting in adjusting the surface roughness of an alloy workpiece.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The superalloy material used in this embodiment is nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718.
(1) The cutting depth is 25 μm as the processing requirement, the thickness of the alloying layer is controlled to be 25 μm, simulation software VASP is calculated by utilizing a first principle to carry out simulation, and the simulation result is as follows: tellurium element solid powder is selected as an alloy element for weakening the surface layer of the workpiece material. Uniformly coating tellurium element solid powder on the high-temperature alloy material, wherein the heating temperature is 850 ℃, the heating rate is 50 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours, so that a weakening layer with the thickness of 25 mu m is realized.
The weakening mechanism of the tellurium-infiltrated surface layer in this example is shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 1 shows that the tellurium element and Ni element form a new crystal phase, which causes intergranular cracks.
The section of the sample of this embodiment after the surface layer is infiltrated with tellurium element is shown in fig. 2, where a is the oxide during heating and cooling, b is the compound layer mainly composed of tellurium and nickel, c is the compound layer mainly composed of tellurium and chromium, b and c are the tellurium of the surface layer (melting point is 449.51 ℃, heating temperature is above 700 ℃, so tellurium is melted, and two-layer compound formed by some nickel and chromium of the sample itself is absorbed during melting, and the two-layer compound is attached to the surface of the substrate and easily peeled off), e is the morphology of the sample substrate after the surface layer is infiltrated with tellurium, and f is the substrate. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the morphology of the e and f tissues are obviously different, and the white in the e is that tellurium permeates along the grain boundary and reacts with the original precipitated phase delta of the matrix to generate a new intercrystalline phase. These intergranular phases lead to the stretching of the grain boundaries (see fig. 1d), which leads to a weakening of the material properties. And meanwhile, a nano indentation test is carried out on the new intergranular phase, the hardness of the new intergranular phase is 3.5Gpa, the average matrix hardness is 7.3Gpa, namely the new intergranular phase is a weakening phase besides the opening of the grain boundary, and the weakening of the material performance is superposed after the heat treatment mode (the opening of the grain boundary is carried out, and the weakening phase is carried out). b. The specific element composition of each of the c, d, e and f regions is shown in Table 1.
Specific elemental composition of each of the regions b, c, d, e, f of Table 1
Example 2
This example is the same as example 1, except that: the heating temperature is 900 ℃, the heating rate is 50 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 4 hours, and the thickness of the weakening layer is 30 μm.
The microstructure of the surface layer before and after tellurium infiltration is changed, as shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that the grain size is increased significantly by nearly three times, and generally, the increase of the grain size means the decrease of the mechanical performance.
The nano indentation test is carried out on the workpiece material after tellurium infiltration from the surface layer to the inside of the matrix, as shown in figure 4, the result shows that the hardness is gradually increased from the surface layer to the inside of the matrix, which can indicate that the mechanical property of the material is weakened.
The workpiece material after tellurium infiltration is subjected to a micron scratch test, scratches are scratched from the base body to the surface layer under the test condition of constant load of 100 milli-newtons, the scratch speed is 5 microns per second, the obtained result is shown in fig. 5, a weakening area is arranged between two dotted lines, namely the thickness of the tellurium infiltration base body, firstly, the scratch width and the depth are obviously increased after the tellurium infiltration enters the weakening area, and secondly, in fig. 5b, the transverse stress is greatly reduced after the tellurium infiltration enters the weakening area (the distance between the two dotted lines).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting is characterized in that solid tellurium element powder is coated on the surface of nickel and chromium alloy, the nickel and chromium alloy is heated to 700-1200 ℃ for heat preservation, so that tellurium element is infiltrated into the surface layer of the nickel and chromium alloy, and then the nickel and chromium alloy after heating processing is subjected to cutting processing.
2. The surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nickel and chromium alloy is an iron-based superalloy, a cobalt-based superalloy or a nickel-based superalloy.
3. The surface layer tellurium-cementation weakening treatment auxiliary machining method for nickel-chromium alloy cutting as claimed in claim 2, wherein the nickel-base superalloy is nickel-base superalloy Inconel 718.
4. The surface layer tellurium-permeating weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel-chromium alloy cutting as set forth in claim 1, wherein the device for heating and keeping the temperature of the nickel-chromium alloy coated with the solid tellurium element powder on the surface is a heating furnace.
5. The surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting as set forth in claim 1, wherein the cutting depth in cutting processing is less than or equal to the thickness of the infiltration alloy layer;
the thickness of the alloying layer is the thickness of tellurium element which is infiltrated into the surface layer containing nickel and chromium alloy.
6. The surface tellurium infiltration weakening auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating rate is 45 to 55 ℃/min.
7. Use of the auxiliary machining method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for cutting an alloy workpiece, wherein the alloy workpiece is made of an alloy material containing nickel and chromium, and before cutting, the alloy surface layer is subjected to tellurium-doping weakening auxiliary machining by the surface-layer tellurium-doping weakening auxiliary machining method for cutting a nickel and chromium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. An alloy workpiece, characterized in that the material of the alloy workpiece is an alloy material containing nickel and chromium, the alloy workpiece is obtained by cutting treatment, the alloy surface layer is processed by tellurium infiltration weakening treatment auxiliary processing before the cutting treatment, and the auxiliary processing method is the surface layer tellurium infiltration weakening treatment auxiliary processing method for nickel and chromium alloy cutting according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN115354274A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-11-18 | 山东大学 | Dynamic microwave thermal shock method for modifying alloy surface layer, application and workpiece |
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| CN101429601B (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2010-09-22 | 四川鑫炬矿业资源开发股份有限公司 | Tellurium copper alloy material for electric power industry and method for producing the same |
| CN104928520A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-09-23 | 上海方奕企业发展有限公司 | High-conductivity, arc-resistance and free-cutting leadfree tellurium copper alloy material |
| CN108581057B (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2020-02-11 | 山东大学 | Surface alloying weakening treatment auxiliary processing method for efficient cutting of difficult-to-process material |
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