CN108578572A - 一种防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治产蛋鸡在育雏育成期啄羽啄趾及其产蛋高峰期脱肛啄肛的配方饲料及其制备方法，其配方饲料为：大红袍40～50份、虎掌草40～50份、半枝连40～50份、穿心莲40～50份、桅子30～40份、龙胆草30～40份、大血藤30～40份、蒲公英30～40份、青葙子30～40份、生石膏30～40份、连翘30～40份、五味子20～30份、女贞子20～30份、当归20～30份、兔丝子20～30份、覆盆子20～30份、夜交藤15～20份、合欢皮15～20份、松针15～20份、远志15～20份、熟地15～20份、黄芪15～20份、刺五加15～20份、黄金15～20份、何首乌15～20份、玉竹15～20份。本发明中药饲料添加剂为纯中草药饲料添加剂，且不含任何抗生素和促生长激素，通过长达5年的临床应用显示，该中草药饲料配方对蛋鸡啄癖这种疾病的治疗有立竿见影之功效，且治愈率高达98％以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于家禽中药配方饲料技术领域，特别涉及一种防治产蛋鸡在育雏育成期啄羽啄趾及其产蛋高峰期脱肛啄肛的配方饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着养禽业的发展，特别是农村规模化养禽业的不断增加，在饲养过程中各种家禽生长的各个阶段都经常会出现禽类互啄等不良现象，造成被啄者致伤或致死，直接影响了家禽饲养的整体效益。依据其症状不同，常见的主要有：啄羽、啄趾、啄肛、啄蛋等几种啄癖现象，主要表现如下：
1、啄羽症：多发生于育雏换羽阶段和产蛋鸡换羽期和盛产期，尤其是当年高产群最易发生、冬春多见。主要表现相互啄食羽毛，一旦发生，很快传开，严重者肛门羽毛、尾羽、背羽全部被啄光，翅肤裸露，更进一步就会引起啄皮、啄肉、啄肛，同时有些个体因为吞进大量羽毛，造成消化道堵塞而死亡。其主要原因是饲料中营养不全，特别是维生素B12，含硫氨酸、蛋氨酸、胱氨酸、叶酸、胆硷等缺乏有关，另外体外寄生虫引起皮肤刺痒，蚊虫叮咬，以及缺乏运动等都能促使发病。
2、啄趾：本病一般仅在雏鸡、雏鸭中发生，主要表现为相互啄食脚趾，引起流血或破行，有的甚至脚趾被啄光。以上二种啄癖常因饲养密度大，光线强，或潮湿闷热，家禽不能很舒适地睡眠休息，引起啄癖；饲料中营养不平均，缺乏某些营养成分(如食盐、动物性蛋白质)而诱发。
3、啄肛癖是一种禽类的条件发射，指蛋鸡啄食肛门及其肛门下的腹部，多见于高立笼养鸡群或新开产鸡群。诱发原因主要是初产母鸡激素的影响，性情敏感、好斗、好啄，产出过大的蛋时努责时间长，造成肛门撕裂，产蛋后不能及时收缩回去而留露在外，造成互相啄肛；也发生于腹泻的蛋鸡，诱因是肛门带腥臭粪便。鸡癖一旦发生啄肛，便瓦相模仿，易引起群发，造成重大的经济损失。
4、食蛋癖：食蛋现象多在新产蛋群或产蛋旺季最易发生，常由软壳蛋被踩破，或偶尔从碰破一个蛋开始，吸食成癖。
目前没有特别有效的治疗方法来防治此种疾病的发生，通常采用降低舍内的光线强度，尽一切可能转移鸡的注意力，给鸡“戴眼镜”断喙，隔离饲养等方法来避免鸡群啄癖的发生，但是此方法严重影响蛋鸡的产蛋量，缩短产蛋周期，使养殖户造成重大的经济损失。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的缺陷，提供了一种防治产蛋鸡育雏育成期及其产蛋高峰期啄羽癖、啄趾癖、啄肛癖、啄蛋癖的饲料添加剂及其制备方法，该饲料添加剂为纯中药制剂，能有效防治鸡啄癖的发生，且不会对人类健康造成危害。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：
一种防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂，包括如下重量份的原料：大红袍40～50份、虎掌草40～50份、半枝连40～50份、穿心莲40～50份、桅子30～40份、龙胆草30～40份、大血藤30～40份、蒲公英30～40份、青葙子30～40份、生石膏30～40份、连翘30～40份、五味子20～30份、女贞子20～30份、当归20～30份、兔丝子20～30份、覆盆子20～30份、夜交藤15～20份、合欢皮15～20份、松针15～20份、远志15～20份、熟地15～20份、黄芪15～20份、刺五加15～20份、黄金15～20份、何首乌15～20份、玉竹15～20份。
优选的，一种防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂，包括如下重量份的原料：大红袍30份、虎掌草30份、半枝连30份、穿心莲30份、桅子20份、龙胆草20份、大血藤20份、蒲公英20份、青葙子20份、生石膏20份、连翘20份、五味子15份、女贞子15份、当归15份、兔丝子15份、覆盆子15份、夜交藤12份、合欢皮12份、松针12份、远志12份、熟地10份、黄芪10份、刺五加10份、黄金10份、何首乌10份、玉竹10份。
本发明配方中的药理功效：
大红袍：祛风止痛，清热利湿，收敛止血。
虎掌草：清热解毒，活血舒筋。
半枝连：具有清热解毒、活血祛瘀、消肿止痛、抗癌等功能。
穿心莲：有清热解毒、消炎、消肿止痛作用。
桅子：具有护肝、利胆、降压、镇静、止血、消肿等作用。
龙胆草：清热燥湿；泻肝定惊。
大血藤：具有清热解毒，活血通络，祛风止痉的作用。
蒲公英：清热解毒，消痈散结。
青葙子：有清肝火、祛风热、明目、降血压之功效。
生石膏：有清热泻火、除烦止渴、收敛生肌的功效。
连翘：清热，解毒，散结，消肿。
五味子：敛肺，滋肾，生津，收汗，涩精。
女贞子：补益肝肾，清虚热，强腰膝，明耳目，乌须发。
当归：具有补血和血，调经止痛，润燥滑肠、抗癌、抗老防老、免疫之功效。
兔丝子：具有滋补肝肾、固精缩尿、安胎、明目、止泻之功效。
覆盆子：具有益肾固精缩尿，养肝明目之功效。
夜交藤：具有养心安神，祛风，通络之功效。
合欢皮：有治心神不安、忧郁、失眠、肺痈、痈肿、瘰疠、筋骨折伤之效。
松针：有促进血液循环，改善毛细血管的机能，提高免疫力，增加荷尔蒙的分泌，强精之功效。
远志：具有安神益智、祛痰、消肿的功能。
熟地：具有补血滋阴功效。
黄芪：有增强机体免疫功能、保肝、利尿、抗衰老、抗应激、降压和较广泛的抗菌作用。
刺五加：祛风湿；补肝肾；强筋骨；活血脉
黄精：具有补气养阴，健脾，润肺，益肾功能。
何首乌：补益精血、乌须发、强筋骨、补肝肾。
玉竹：有"补益五脏，滋养气血，平补而润，兼除风热"之功。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份称取药材原料，粉碎后置于煎煮容器中，加入适量水使其浸没药材原料，浸泡12～24小时后，加热沸腾，静置8～12小时左右，分离煎出液，药渣依次煎出2～3次，收集各煎出液，离心分离后，低温浓缩形成稠膏；
(2)将步骤(1)所述稠膏与辅料混合，整粒，干燥，用空气除湿机除去空气中所含的水分，降低有限空间的湿度，从而进一步除去湿颗粒中的水分，改变湿颗粒的物理性质，使其能符合震动式选红外烘烤箱对被干燥物料的要求；送入制粒机制粒；
(3)将步骤(2)特制粒机上制出的湿颗粒摊于洁净的铝盘中，叠放在专用的车架上，摊入装有KQ7-6去湿机的密室房间内，静置去湿6-8小时，至颗粒表面近干，粘度减小，变得较原来疏松，容易分散为度；用直径5mm的圆形孔筛，筛去僵块，条块，然后震荡加料斗，转送入震动式远红外烘干箱内干燥，然后过筛，即得所述中药饲料添加剂。
优选的，步骤(1)所述稠膏的比重在80～90℃为1.30～1.35。
优选的，步骤(3)中所述干燥时间为5～10分钟；颗粒自由地在振动式远红外烘箱内上下震荡传送，避免了原来颗粒之间容易粘结和烘箱振槽板面上容易产生粘连等现象，缩短了干燥时间，只需5～10分钟，提高了干燥效率，经去湿后，颗粒只需一次干燥。
优选的，步骤(2)中混合加入润滑剂。
优选的，步骤(3)中所述过筛，是将干燥后的颗粒过一号筛，使大颗粒磨碎，通过四号筛除去细小颗粒和细粉，筛下的细小颗粒和细粉可重新制粒，或并入下次同一批药粉中，混匀制粒，其中一号筛为12～14目；四号筛为40～60目。
本发明进一步提供了一种防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂的应用，将中药饲料添加剂拌入到饲料中，添加量为9mg/公斤饲料；病鸡食用12天后，育雏育成及产蛋高峰期鸡群正常不在啄肛癖。
优选的，所述饲料包括如下重量份的原料：玉米70份、石灰石粉7.0份、豆粕5.2份、麦夫2.3份、骨粉1.2份、食盐0.3份、L—刺氨酸0.2份、DL—蛋氨酸0.08份。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果：
(1)本发明中药饲料添加剂为纯中草药饲料添加剂，且不含任何抗生素和促生长激素，通过长达5年的临床应用显示，该中草药饲料配方对蛋鸡啄癖这种疾病的治疗有立竿见影之功效，且治愈率高达98％以上。
(2)本发明中药饲料添加剂添加到养殖饲料中，具有消炎杀菌、清热败毒、安神镇静的功效，排除鸡群生性好斗的病根的影响，防止机体功能代谢紊乱恶性啄肛癖的疾病的产生；同时还可以治家禽子宫、输卵管炎、卵巢炎、卵黄性腹膜炎，增强机体免疫功能，提高产蛋率。
(3)将本发明中药饲料添加剂掺入饲料中可以有效防治家禽啄癖，且不会对人类健康造成危害。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂，包括如下重量份的原料：大红袍40份、虎掌草40份、半枝连40份、穿心莲40份、桅子30份、龙胆草30份、大血藤30份、蒲公英30份、青葙子30～40份、生石膏30～40份、连翘30～40份、五味子20～30份、女贞子20～30份、当归20～30份、兔丝子20～30份、覆盆子20～30份、夜交藤15～20份、合欢皮15～20份、松针15～20份、远志15～20份、熟地15～20份、黄芪15～20份、刺五加15～20份、黄金15～20份、何首乌15～20份、玉竹15～20份。
一种防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份称取药材原料，粉碎后置于煎煮容器中，加入适量水使其浸没药材原料，浸泡12小时后，加热沸腾，静置8小时左右，分离煎出液，药渣依次煎出2次，收集各煎出液，离心分离后，低温浓缩形成稠膏，其中稠膏的比重在80℃为1.30；
(2)将步骤(1)所述稠膏与辅料、润滑剂混合，整粒，干燥5分钟，用空气除湿机除去空气中所含的水分，降低有限空间的湿度，从而进一步除去湿颗粒中的水分，改变湿颗粒的物理性质，使其能符合震动式选红外烘烤箱对被干燥物料的要求；送入制粒机制粒；
(3)将步骤(2)特制粒机上制出的湿颗粒摊于洁净的铝盘中，叠放在专用的车架上，摊入装有KQ7-6去湿机的密室房间内，静置去湿6-8小时，至颗粒表面近干，粘度减小，变得较原来疏松，容易分散为度；用直径5mm的圆形孔筛，筛去僵块，条块，然后震荡加料斗，转送入震动式远红外烘干箱内干燥，然后将干燥后的颗粒过一号筛，使大颗粒磨碎，通过四号筛除去细小颗粒和细粉，筛下的细小颗粒和细粉可重新制粒，或并入下次同一批药粉中，混匀制粒，其中一号筛为12目；四号筛为40目，即得所述中药饲料添加剂。
实施例2
一种防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂，包括如下重量份的原料：大红袍30份、虎掌草30份、半枝连30份、穿心莲30份、桅子20份、龙胆草20份、大血藤20份、蒲公英20份、青葙子20份、生石膏20份、连翘20份、五味子15份、女贞子15份、当归15份、兔丝子15份、覆盆子15份、夜交藤12份、合欢皮12份、松针12份、远志12份、熟地10份、黄芪10份、刺五加10份、黄金10份、何首乌10份、玉竹10份。
一种防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份称取药材原料，粉碎后置于煎煮容器中，加入适量水使其浸没药材原料，浸泡20小时后，加热沸腾，静置10小时左右，分离煎出液，药渣依次煎出2次，收集各煎出液，离心分离后，低温浓缩形成稠膏，其中稠膏的比重在90℃为1.35；
(2)将步骤(1)所述稠膏与辅料、润滑剂混合，整粒，干燥8分钟，用空气除湿机除去空气中所含的水分，降低有限空间的湿度，从而进一步除去湿颗粒中的水分，改变湿颗粒的物理性质，使其能符合震动式选红外烘烤箱对被干燥物料的要求；送入制粒机制粒；
(3)将步骤(2)特制粒机上制出的湿颗粒摊于洁净的铝盘中，叠放在专用的车架上，摊入装有KQ7-6去湿机的密室房间内，静置去湿7小时，至颗粒表面近干，粘度减小，变得较原来疏松，容易分散为度；用直径5mm的圆形孔筛，筛去僵块，条块，然后震荡加料斗，转送入震动式远红外烘干箱内干燥，然后将干燥后的颗粒过一号筛，使大颗粒磨碎，通过四号筛除去细小颗粒和细粉，筛下的细小颗粒和细粉可重新制粒，或并入下次同一批药粉中，混匀制粒，其中一号筛为13目；四号筛为50目，即得所述中药饲料添加剂。
实施例3
一种防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂，包括如下重量份的原料：大红袍50份、虎掌草50份、半枝连50份、穿心莲50份、桅子40份、龙胆草40份、大血藤40份、蒲公英40份、青葙子40份、生石膏40份、连翘40份、五味子30份、女贞子30份、当归30份、兔丝子30份、覆盆子30份、夜交藤20份、合欢皮20份、松针20份、远志20份、熟地20份、黄芪20份、刺五加20份、黄金20份、何首乌20份、玉竹20份。
一种防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份称取药材原料，粉碎后置于煎煮容器中，加入适量水使其浸没药材原料，浸泡24小时后，加热沸腾，静置12小时左右，分离煎出液，药渣依次煎出2～3次，收集各煎出液，离心分离后，低温浓缩形成稠膏，其中稠膏的比重在90℃为1.30；
(2)将步骤(1)所述稠膏与辅料、润滑剂混合，整粒，干燥5～10分钟，用空气除湿机除去空气中所含的水分，降低有限空间的湿度，从而进一步除去湿颗粒中的水分，改变湿颗粒的物理性质，使其能符合震动式选红外烘烤箱对被干燥物料的要求；送入制粒机制粒；
(3)将步骤(2)特制粒机上制出的湿颗粒摊于洁净的铝盘中，叠放在专用的车架上，摊入装有KQ7-6去湿机的密室房间内，静置去湿8小时，至颗粒表面近干，粘度减小，变得较原来疏松，容易分散为度；用直径5mm的圆形孔筛，筛去僵块，条块，然后震荡加料斗，转送入震动式远红外烘干箱内干燥，然后将干燥后的颗粒过一号筛，使大颗粒磨碎，通过四号筛除去细小颗粒和细粉，筛下的细小颗粒和细粉可重新制粒，或并入下次同一批药粉中，混匀制粒，其中一号筛为14目；四号筛为60目，即得所述中药饲料添加剂。
试验结果
在养殖场选取100只健康的产蛋期蛋鸡，随机分为两组50只，分为对照组和实验组，实验组喂食添加本发明中药饲料添加剂的饲料；对照组只喂食饲料；两组蛋鸡状况如下表：
| 实验组 | 对照组 | |
| 啄肛癖发生率 | 0％ | 3％ |
| 啄肛癖治愈率 | 98％ | 75％ |
| 产蛋率 | 90％ | 80％ |
从上表可以看出，实验组蛋鸡在连续喂食本发明提供的饲料后，啄肛癖现象得到有效防治，无一例蛋鸡发生啄肛癖现象，日产蛋率也得到了提高，所产鸡蛋没有浅色蛋、白色蛋、血斑蛋、麻子蛋、畸型蛋，蛋重变小产蛋率下降的现象产生，鲜蛋的均匀度很高蛋大皮厚。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其它的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂，其特征在于，包括如下重量份的原料：大红袍40～50份、虎掌草40～50份、半枝连40～50份、穿心莲40～50份、桅子30～40份、龙胆草30～40份、大血藤30～40份、蒲公英30～40份、青葙子30～40份、生石膏30～40份、连翘30～40份、五味子20～30份、女贞子20～30份、当归20～30份、兔丝子20～30份、覆盆子20～30份、夜交藤15～20份、合欢皮15～20份、松针15～20份、远志15～20份、熟地15～20份、黄芪15～20份、刺五加15～20份、黄金15～20份、何首乌15～20份、玉竹15～20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂，其特征在于，包括如下重量份的原料：大红袍30份、虎掌草30份、半枝连30份、穿心莲30份、桅子20份、龙胆草20份、大血藤20份、蒲公英20份、青葙子20份、生石膏20份、连翘20份、五味子15份、女贞子15份、当归15份、兔丝子15份、覆盆子15份、夜交藤12份、合欢皮12份、松针12份、远志12份、熟地10份、黄芪10份、刺五加10份、黄金10份、何首乌10份、玉竹10份。
3.一种权利要求1所述的防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份称取药材原料，粉碎后置于煎煮容器中，加入适量水使其浸没药材原料，浸泡12～24小时后，加热沸腾，静置8～12小时左右，分离煎出液，药渣依次煎出2～3次，收集各煎出液，离心分离后，低温浓缩形成稠膏；
(2)将步骤(1)所述稠膏与辅料混合，整粒，干燥，用空气除湿机除去空气中所含的水分，送入制粒机制粒；
(3)将步骤(2)特制粒机上制出的湿颗粒摊于洁净的铝盘中，叠放在专用的车架上，摊入装有KQ7-6去湿机的密室房间内，静置去湿6-8小时，用直径5mm的圆形孔筛，筛去僵块，条块，然后震荡加料斗，转送入震动式远红外烘干箱内干燥，然后过筛，即得所述中药饲料添加剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述稠膏的比重在80～90℃为1.30～1.35。
5.根据权利要求3所述的防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中所述干燥时间为5～10分钟。
6.根据权利要求3所述的防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中混合加入润滑剂。
7.根据权利要求3所述的防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中所述过筛，是将干燥后的颗粒过一号筛，使大颗粒磨碎，通过四号筛除去细小颗粒和细粉，筛下的细小颗粒和细粉可重新制粒，或并入下次同一批药粉中，混匀制粒。
8.根据权利要求7所述的防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述一号筛为12～14目；所述四号筛为40～60目。
9.一种权利要求1所述的防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂的应用，其特征在于，将中药饲料添加剂拌入到饲料中，添加量为9mg/公斤饲料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的防治产蛋鸡啄癖的中药饲料添加剂的应用，其特征在于所述饲料包括如下重量份的原料：玉米70份、石灰石粉7.0份、豆粕5.2份、麦夫2.3份、骨粉1.2份、食盐0.3份、L—刺氨酸0.2份、DL—蛋氨酸0.08份。
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