CN108578369A - 表面双修饰的靶向人血清白蛋白纳米药物载体的制备与应用 - Google Patents
表面双修饰的靶向人血清白蛋白纳米药物载体的制备与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种表面双修饰的人血清白蛋白作为肿瘤靶向纳米药物载体的制备与应用,所述靶向纳米药物载体包括人血清白蛋白、聚乙二醇和E‑选择素肽配体。所述靶向纳米药物载体利用活化的HSA和E‑选择素肽配体的巯基形成的硫醚为连接桥,将E‑选择素肽配体和聚乙二醇偶联到HSA表面而形成。所述靶向纳米药物载体可包载疏水性抗肿瘤药物并经过处理形成一定粒径的纳米粒子,不仅增加疏水性抗肿瘤药物的溶解度和稳定性,而且E‑选择素肽配体可以主动识别肿瘤部位活化内皮细胞上高表达的E‑选择素,并与之结合,从而竞争性抑制肿瘤细胞与E‑选择素的结合来达到抑制肿瘤细胞黏附迁移的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米药物技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种靶向纳米药物载体及其制备方法和应用。
技术背景
HSA是血浆中含量最高的蛋白,体内半衰期长,其三维结构呈心型,含有多个配体结合位点,是疏水性物质体内输送的天然载体,能通过可逆结合将各类物质输送到相应组织。HSA性质较稳定,对酸碱环境、温度、有机溶剂都具有一定的耐受程度,因而适合于多种纳米颗粒的制备。人血清白蛋白表面含有许多羧基、氨基等官能团,能与多种基团通过共价键、表面涂层或静电吸附等方式进行血清白蛋白纳米颗粒的表面修饰。修饰后的血清白蛋白纳米药物载体不仅载药能力突出,还能优化其药物动力学参数。2005年FDA批准上市的Abraxane为紫杉醇的HSA结合形式,其毒性较紫杉醇大大减少。
E-选择素与多种疾病相关,且只在活化的内皮细胞上高表达。E-选择素可特异性识别肿瘤细胞表面的某些糖蛋白和糖脂分子的末端结构域,通过这种识别作用介导的E-选择素与肿瘤细胞之间的作用,可使肿瘤细胞在内皮细胞粘附,继而随血流发生迁移,导致肿瘤细胞的扩散迁移,因此,E-选择素可以作为一种治疗干预的靶标。
E-选择素天然配体的结构特征仍未被完全阐明,有研究认为其特异性识别的天然配体可能包含糖类、肽类等多种结构类型,目前被广泛接受的E-选择素的主要天然配体结构为路易斯酸化的四聚糖结构sLex,E-选择素的特异性配体可以作为靶向分子将其它抗肿瘤药物带到肿瘤部位,同时还可以发挥该配体对肿瘤细胞迁移的抑制作用,因此设计和合成E-选择素配体拮抗剂]与抗肿瘤药物的偶联物有望达到双重治疗效果和增效减毒的目的。
聚乙二醇具有高度的亲水性,在水溶液中有较大的水动力学体积,并且没有免疫原性。当偶联到药物分子或药物表面时,可以将其优良性质赋予修饰后的药物分子,改变它们在水溶液中的生物分配行为和溶解性,延长药物体内循环时间。
纳米载体已经被广泛用于抗癌药物的转运来提高药物在水中溶解度和通过EPR效应提高肿瘤的被动靶向性,从而改善治疗效果。但目前对于HSA为载体的纳米药物来说,尚缺乏更强的主动靶向性,更为重要的是,目前尚未见既能靶向递送药物起到抗肿瘤作用又能抑制肿瘤转移的HSA药物载体。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种E-选择素多肽配体修饰的人血清白蛋白靶向纳米药物载体的制备方法及其应用。所述靶向纳米药物载体包括人血清白蛋白(HSA)、聚乙二醇和E-选择素肽配体。所述靶向纳米药物载体利用活化的HSA和E-选择素肽配体的巯基形成的硫醚为连接桥,将E-选择素肽配体和聚乙二醇偶联到HSA表面而形成。所述靶向纳米药物载体可包载疏水性抗肿瘤药物并经处理形成一定粒径的纳米粒子,不仅增加疏水性抗肿瘤药物的溶解度和稳定性,而且E-选择素肽配体可以识别活化内皮细胞上高表达的E-选择素,并与之结合,从而竞争性抑制肿瘤细胞与E-选择素的结合来达到抑制肿瘤细胞黏附迁移的目的。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种表面双修饰的靶向人血清白蛋白纳米药物载体,包括人血清白蛋白、聚乙二醇和E-选择素肽配体,将E-选择素肽配体和聚乙二醇偶联到HSA表面。
而且,其中E-选择素多肽配体的序列为CIELLQAR,及其反序肽和非天然构型氨基酸(D)组成的肽。
而且,靶向纳米药物载体所负载的疏水性抗肿瘤药物包括:紫杉醇、阿霉素、多西他赛等其中的一种或多种。
而且,所述聚乙二醇分子量为1500-20000。
一种表面双修饰的靶向人血清白蛋白纳米药物载体的合成方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
①E-选择素多肽配体和多肽偶联的mPEG通过Fmoc固相合成得到偶联物;
②偶联物与活化的人血清白蛋白反应制备单HSA载体;
而且,步骤①的方法如下:
而且,步骤②的方法如下:
而且,修饰后的HSA单体溶解于缓冲溶液中,加入β-巯基乙醇以充分还原分子内二硫键,加入待载药物,搅拌后加入双氧水形成分子间二硫键,超滤离心除去游离待载药物,经冷冻干燥得到包载药物的纳米粒子。
靶向人血清白蛋白纳米药物载体在疏水性抗肿瘤药物递送中的应用。
与现有技术相比本发明新颖之处:
1、本发明所涉及的表面PEG和肽配体双修饰的人血清白蛋白未见报道。
2、本发明所涉及的修饰后的HSA载体具有适合发挥EPR效应的粒径(100-200nm),且所用E选择素多肽不但可以作为靶向分子将其它抗肿瘤药物带到肿瘤部位,同时还可以发挥该配体对肿瘤细胞迁移的抑制作用,从而达到双重治疗效果和增效减毒的目的。
3、本发明通过PEG修饰的人血清白蛋白增加蛋白水溶性和稳定性,而且可以提高血浆半衰期,增强生物利用度,降低蛋白质的免疫原性,提高药物疗效及安全性等。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施案例3、4靶向纳米药物载体的western图。
图2为本发明实施案例6靶向纳米药物载体对HUVEC和HL-60细胞的抗黏附活性测试结果图。
图3为本发明实施案例5靶向纳米药物载体的DLS粒径分布图。
图4本发明实施案例5靶向纳米药物载体的电势图。
图5为本发明实施案例5靶向纳米药物载体不同时间的粒径变化图。
图6为本发明实施案例5靶向载药纳米粒子的原子力显微镜图。
具体的实施方式
为了理解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明:下述实施例是说明性的,不是限定性的,不能以下述实施例来限定本发明的保护范围。
本发明的目的在于将E选择素多肽配体、聚乙二醇修饰到人血清白蛋白表面,提供一种靶向药物载体,该靶向药物载体经过处理可上载疏水性抗肿瘤药物并形成载药纳米粒子,从而通过EPR效应实现被动靶向于肿瘤部位,同时利用E选择素配体将药物主动靶向于肿瘤新生血管,因为E选择素特异性的高表达于肿瘤新生血管内皮细胞。而E选择素配体还可通过与肿瘤细胞竞争结合E选择素从而阻断或抑制肿瘤细胞的迁移。
其中E-选择素多肽配体的序列为CIELLQAR(8CR),及其反序肽和非天然构型氨基酸(D)组成的肽,该类肽可以主动识别活化内皮细胞上高表达的E-选择素,并与之结合,从而竞争性抑制肿瘤细胞与E-选择素的结合达到抑制肿瘤细胞黏附迁移的目的。所述聚乙二醇分子量为1500-20000。
综上,该靶向递药系统具有双重靶向机制(被动与主动靶向)、双重肿瘤杀伤机制(肿瘤新生血管和临近肿瘤细胞)以及双重治疗效果(抑制肿瘤生长和肿瘤转移)等优势,在疏水性抗肿瘤药物的新应用方面有着巨大的应用潜力。
本发明提供的表面双修饰的人血清白蛋白作为肿瘤靶向纳米药物载体,合成过程如下:
①E-选择素多肽配体和多肽偶联的mPEG通过Fmoc固相合成得到。
其中多肽偶联的mPEG2000通过以下步骤合成:
②上述偶联物(例如8CR-mPEG2000)与活化的HSA反应制备单HSA载体。
③上述单HSA偶联物在上载药物的同时形成分子间交联形成100-200nm直径的纳米粒子。具体为将修饰后的HAS单体溶解于缓冲溶液中,加入β-巯基乙醇以充分还原分子内二硫键。加入药物,搅拌后加入双氧水形成分子间二硫键。超滤离心除去游离紫杉醇,经冷冻干燥得到包载药物的纳米粒子。
为了详细说明上述合成方法,具体提供一下实施案例。
实施案例1
中间体2的合成
取2g平均分子量2000的聚乙二醇单甲醚溶于14mL蒸馏水中,然后加入1mg2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物,0.2g溴化钾,冰浴搅拌,然后加入4.8mL8%的次氯酸钠溶液,用0.5N的氢氧化钠溶液调节体系的pH至pH稳定在10左右,转至室温搅拌7h,加入0.7mL的乙醇湮灭反应,用4N盐酸调节PH为3,用二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压旋干,乙醚重结晶,过滤得白色固体1.8g。
实施案例2
化合物8CR-mPEG2000的合成
取0.674g树脂八肽,加入7mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,依次加入1.9g中间体2,358mg苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐,127mg1-羟基苯并三唑,0.31mL N,N-二异丙基乙胺,30℃反应2.5h,用茚三酮反应法检测,树脂呈无色,反应完全。用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、异丙醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺各10mL依次洗涤树脂5分钟并抽干,得Resin-8CR-mPEG2000。
裂解液的配制:
苯酚:乙二硫醇:苯甲硫醚:水:三氟乙酸=5:5:2.5:5:82.5(V/V)
称取0.68g Resin-8CR-mPEG2000,冰浴加入6ml裂解液中,30℃反应2小时。将反应液滤入冷乙醚中,冷藏过夜。离心,所得固体用乙醚洗3次,氩气吹干,得50mg白色粉末8CR-mPEG2000。
实施案例3
化合物HSA-SMCC的合成
取3.125mg 4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸磺酸基琥珀酰亚胺酯钠盐,加入0.25mL的蒸馏水,在约40℃的温度下搅拌使其溶解,然后加入1.125mL的PBS缓冲溶液,将其加入到8.94mL含20mg人血清白蛋白的PBS缓冲溶液中,氩气保护,室温搅拌5h。用截留分子量为8000-14000的透析袋在蒸馏水中透析24h,冻干得白色固体20mg。
实施案例4
化合物HSA-SMCC-8CR-mPEG2000的合成
称取10mg化合物HSA-SMCC溶解于0.6mLPBS(pH=7.8)缓冲溶液中,将6.3mg化合物8CR-mPEG2000溶解于0.3mL PBS(pH=7.8)缓冲溶液中,将化合物8CR-mPEG2000溶液缓慢滴入化合物HSA-SMCC溶液中,氩气保护下室温搅拌16h。然后直接用截留分子量为3500的透析袋透析24h,冷藏,冻干得白色固体6mg。
实施案例5
靶向纳米粒子的合成
称取10mg的化合物HSA-SMCC-8CR-mPEG2000溶解于5mL tris-Hcl(pH=7.8)缓冲溶液中,在搅拌的条件下加入35μL β-巯基乙醇,搅拌一个小时以充分还原分子内二硫键。加入2mg紫杉醇(用0.2mL无水乙醇溶解),搅拌一个小时后加入40μL双氧水。在2000r/min转离心20分钟以除去不溶性紫杉醇,然后用3000Da的超滤离心管离心除去游离紫杉醇,最后冷冻干燥得到包载紫杉醇的纳米粒子15mg。冻干后得到的纳米粒子很容易用生理盐水复溶,且冻干后粒径不变,平均粒径为158nm,电位为-24.7mV。用HPLC分析包封率高达95%。为了评估纳米粒子的稳定性,将冻干后的纳米粒子溶解在tris-Hcl(pH=7.8)缓冲溶液中,隔不同时间点测粒径的变化,结果显示纳米粒子能在缓冲液中稳定存在。
实施案例6
化合物HSA-SMCC-8CR-mPEG2000抗黏附活性测试
本发明采用HUVEC和HL-60细胞,分别使用DMEMF-12和1640细胞培养液,培养液中均含1%的青霉素-链霉素溶液,10%的胎牛血清,培养条件为37℃、含5%CO2的恒温培养箱。
利用HUVEC和HL-60测试细胞黏附方法如下:
(1)铺板HUVEC细胞移入96孔黑色细胞培养板,每个实验设置3孔重复;细胞浓度为1×105cells/mL
(2)36h后,更换已经分别添加炎症因子TNF-α(20ng/ml)的新鲜培养基分别孵育6h,使内皮细胞激活(37℃孵育);
(3)对HL-60以1×106cells/mL密度初步计数后估算所需量,收集2倍的细胞数,离心后弃培养基,用PBS(5mL)洗涤一次,弃上清;转移至1.5mL EP管中,加入200μL1640重悬,加入2μL calcein-AM(终浓度10μM),37℃避光孵育45min;离心弃上清后,PBS洗一次,用1640培养基调整每孔106cells/100μL,备用;化合物稀释好备用;
(4)HUVEC细胞孵育6hr后弃培养基,加入荧光标记的HL-60细胞;并立即加入化合物(终浓度为250μg/mL)。
(5)37℃避光孵育,使白细胞与待测化合物分别和HUVEC表面表达的E-selectin竞争结合45min;
(6)PBS洗3次用Synergy4多功能微孔板检测仪(Biotek)测荧光值(λex=485nm、λem=528nm)。
结果显示与阳性对照组相比,化合物HSA-SMCC-8CR-mPEG2000显示出较低强度的荧光,说明具有抗黏附活性。
Claims (9)
1.一种表面双修饰的靶向人血清白蛋白纳米药物载体,其特征在于:包括人血清白蛋白、聚乙二醇和E-选择素肽配体,将E-选择素肽配体和聚乙二醇偶联到HSA表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述表面双修饰的靶向人血清白蛋白纳米药物载体,其特征在于:其中E-选择素多肽配体的序列为CIELLQAR,及其反序肽和非天然构型氨基酸(D)组成的肽。
3.根据权利要求1所述的表面双修饰的靶向人血清白蛋白纳米药物载体,其特征在于:靶向纳米药物载体所负载的疏水性抗肿瘤药物包括:紫杉醇、阿霉素、多西他赛等其中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的表面双修饰的靶向人血清白蛋白纳米药物载体,其特征在于:所述聚乙二醇分子量为1500-20000。
5.一种权利要求1所述的表面双修饰的靶向人血清白蛋白纳米药物载体的合成方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
①E-选择素多肽配体和多肽偶联的mPEG通过Fmoc固相合成得到偶联物;
②偶联物与活化的人血清白蛋白反应制备单HSA载体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤①的方法如下:
7.根据权利要求5所述的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤②的方法如下:
8.权利要求1所述的表面双修饰的靶向人血清白蛋白纳米药物载体的载药方法,其特征在于:修饰后的HSA单体溶解于缓冲溶液中,加入β-巯基乙醇以充分还原分子内二硫键,加入待载药物,搅拌后加入双氧水形成分子间二硫键,超滤离心除去游离待载药物,经冷冻干燥得到包载药物的纳米粒子。
9.根据权利要求1所述的靶向人血清白蛋白纳米药物载体在疏水性抗肿瘤药物递送中的应用。
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