CN108570169A - 具有改进的隔绝性能的柔性泡沫 - Google Patents

具有改进的隔绝性能的柔性泡沫 Download PDF

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CN108570169A
CN108570169A CN201810186107.8A CN201810186107A CN108570169A CN 108570169 A CN108570169 A CN 108570169A CN 201810186107 A CN201810186107 A CN 201810186107A CN 108570169 A CN108570169 A CN 108570169A
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polymer
fire retardant
foaming agent
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brominated
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CN108570169B (zh
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C·佐纳
M·贝特曼
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Armacell Enterprise GmbH and Co KG
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Abstract

一种具有改进的隔绝性能的柔性泡沫。由总量至少200phr、优选至少300phr，但少于1000phr、优选少于700phr的组分组成的膨胀聚合材料，其包含：100phr的至少一种聚合物，其中至少一种是硫和/或金属氧化物可交联弹性体；和至少40phr、优选至少55phr的至少一种聚合物阻燃剂，优选溴化聚合物阻燃剂。

Description

具有改进的隔绝性能的柔性泡沫
技术领域
本发明涉及用于隔热的柔性的、阻燃材料，制造该材料的方法，以及该材料的用途，所述材料包含基于至少一种弹性体和至少一种聚合物阻燃剂的膨胀聚合物(掺混物)。
发明背景
隔离泡沫的热导率由三个因素决定：基质(聚合物复合物)的热导率、孔内气体的热导率和热辐射。相反，这种杠杆影响热导率并使其能够降低聚合物隔离泡沫。
由于孔内气体低于聚合物基质的热导率，一种方法是降低该基质的份额，即，泡沫的密度下降。不幸的是，该方法受到所用材料和工艺的限制。此外，改进是不可行的或者不具有显著的影响，因为聚合物基质的份额在大多数市售可购柔性弹性体泡沫(FEF)内已经非常低。
聚合物基质本身或孔内气体的热导率下降将会是另一方法。不幸的是，使用较低热导率气体受限于以下几个原因：许多这样材料会影响臭氧层和/或提高全球变暖趋势，或者它们不能得到密度非常低的泡沫。此外，所获得的泡沫需要通过额外的阻挡层(例如，铝箔等)来保护以免该气体的漏气/渗透。为了确保长期且稳定的低热导率，需要防止阻挡件的每一损坏。因此，该材料在施加阻挡件后不能进行切片、切割等在这种情况下，还需要提及真空隔离板(例如EP2910838和WO2016165984)。这些材料具有同样的缺点，此外它们不是柔性的
关于聚合物基质的热导率下降，同样存在多种限制：在柔性弹性体泡沫(FEF)中，需要大量填料、阻燃剂、和其它无机添加剂以实现所需性能以及非常高的阻燃性。该高阻燃性——特别是片材——可以通过FEF泡沫实现。不幸的是，与聚合物相比，热导率——特别是无机填料的热导率——显著更高。因此，较低的热导率能够通过增加聚合物份额来实现，但是将会导致阻燃性下降。
最终，热辐射也可降低。热辐射受到孔内气体的性质、其组成、以及泡沫的孔尺寸影响。由于使用低导热率气体和气体混合物的上述问题，该方法对于需要柔性泡沫的大部分隔离应用是不可用的。因此，在降低热辐射上仅剩下了减小孔尺寸。虽然在过去多年中进行了许多改进，但是只有当气体分子并不是主要相互作用而是在孔表面之间以直线移动时，才能实现向前迈出的重要一步。该效应称为克努森流或克努森扩散。一旦气体分子的平均自由程与孔直径之商小于0.5，热辐射就不会再发生。为了实现该特征，孔尺寸需要在纳米范围内(详细取决于孔气体和温度)。由于在处理该材料中的困难、显著较高的泡沫密度(由相对于相等体积的更大量孔壁所引起，这导致显著更薄的孔壁)和缺乏柔性，它们不会是柔性弹性体泡沫(FEF)的替代物。
市售可得的柔性弹性体泡沫(FEF)显著实现了根据DIN EN ISO 8497/DIN EN12667的热导率为在0℃下≤0,033W/m*K(例如， KKplus、ST)。当需要至少“C-s3,d0”、优选“B-s3,d0”的根据EN 13501-1(“SBI-测试”)的高阻燃性能时，FEF或较低热导率的常规柔性隔离泡沫并不可用。过去已经引入了基于其它设计的特征，用于改进热导率，例如引入额外的空隙(US20040126562)，但是该改进并不非常显著。
由于FEF隔离性能的要求越来越高，因此壁厚以及所需空间持续增加。这会导致整个设备的空间需求增加，并因此使得可用空间变窄——特别是在船舶、工业设施、建筑物等内部的可用空间——对于在较薄壁厚下实现了相同隔离性能的隔离材料存在巨大需求。
发明内容
因此，有利的是柔性弹性体泡沫具有在0℃时≤0,031W/m*K、优选≤0,030W/m*K(根据DIN EN ISO 8497/DIN EN 12667)的改进的隔绝性能，同时至少维持现有的低密度(≤60kg/m3、优选≤55kg/m3、特别优选≤50kg/m3，根据DIN EN ISO 845)并实现至少“C-s3,d0”、优选至少“B-s3,d0”(根据EN 13501-1)以及A级评定(25/450)(根据ASTM E84)的极佳阻燃性。
令人惊讶的是，发现没有表现出任何前述缺点的该通用材料可以通过使根据权利要求1的包含至少一种弹性体和至少一种聚合物阻燃剂的聚合物(掺混物)膨胀和交联来获得。
所述材料还包含至少一种交联剂、至少一种化学发泡剂、至少一种填料、以及符合各申请领域的现代法规和批准的可选的其它添加剂。该材料可以连续挤出、交联并膨胀至≤60kg/m3、优选≤55kg/m3、特别优选≤50kg/m3的根据DIN EN ISO 845的密度。
本材料包含至少一层膨胀的聚合物(掺混物)。关于本材料的所有量都与基于总共100phr的聚合物含量。根据该发明的聚合物含量并不包括聚合物阻燃剂。
材料的总量还总是包含上述100phr的聚合物。所有成分的全部量总计为至少至少200phr、优选至少300phr，但少于1000phr、优选少于700phr。该量包括化学发泡剂的量，虽然其在加工期间会分解。换言之，相对于所有成分的全部量的聚合物含量为≤50wt％、优选≤33,3wt％，但是≥10,0wt％、优选≥14,3wt％。给出的百分比是四舍五入到小数点后第一位。
100phr的聚合物含量包含至少一种弹性体或热塑体/弹性体掺混物，其中至少一种是硫和/或金属氧化物可交联弹性体。优选的是至少一种是硫和/或金属氧化物可交联弹性体和至少一种卤化(优选氯化)热塑体的组合。特别优选包含如下的掺混物：一方面——丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶(NBR)和/或和/或聚氯丁二烯(CR)和/或乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶(EPDM)，并且——另一方面——聚氯乙烯(PVC，包括其共聚物和其三元共聚物)和/或氯化聚乙烯(CPE)。该掺混物优选总计至少80phr。以NBR/PVC、NBR/CPE、CR/CPE、或EPDM/CPE的掺混物获得最佳结果。
此外，本材料的聚合物含量可以包含所有类型的弹性体或热塑性弹性体，如，ACM/AEM(丙烯酸弹性体)、AU/EU(聚氨酯)、BR(丁二烯橡胶)、BIIR(溴化丁基橡胶)、CIIR(氯丁橡胶)、(G)(E)CO(表氯醇弹性体)、EP(D)M(乙烯-丙烯(-二烯)橡胶)、EVM(乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物)、SBR(苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶)、(H)NBR((氢化)腈丁二烯橡胶)、FKM/F(E)PM(含氟弹性体)、GPO(环氧丙烷橡胶)、IR(异戊二烯橡胶)、IIR(异丁烯-异戊二烯橡胶)、(V)MQ(硅酮橡胶)、NR(天然橡胶)、T(聚硫橡胶)。此外，该材料可包括其他聚合物，如，PE(聚乙烯),PP(聚丙烯),PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯),PBT(聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯),PC(聚碳酸酯),PS(聚苯乙烯),PA(聚酰胺),PU(聚氨酯),PTFE(聚四氟乙烯),PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)等。优选使用至少3phr的聚丁二烯(丁二烯橡胶，BR)以改进可加工性和固化。BR由于其高固化速率将会改进硫化和膨胀早期阶段中的气体密封性，特别是当使用当使用高丙烯腈含量的CR或NBR等级时尤为如此。
由于丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶(NBR)与PVC的最佳相容性以及在该水平下良好平衡的性能(固化速率、低温柔性等)，丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶(NBR)的丙烯腈含量为15-50重量％，优选20-35重量％。门尼粘度(ML1+4，100℃下)为20至100穆尼单位，优选40至80穆尼单位。聚氯丁二烯(CR)可以选自下组：硫、黄原素或硫醇改性型聚氯丁二烯，优选为硫醇改性级别。聚氯丁二烯(CR)可以如下门尼粘度(ML1+4，100℃下)使用：25至125、优选35至70门尼单位。乙烯-丙烯-二烯烃橡胶(EPDM)包含亚乙基降冰片烯(ENB)作为三元共聚单体(二烯)。二烯含量>2wt％，优选>5wt％。20至100门尼单位、优选20至80门尼单位的门尼粘度(ML1+4，100℃下)是合适的。
PVC可以是均聚物、共聚物或三元共聚物，或它们的混合物，例如，PVC(聚氯乙烯)、PVC/EVA(聚氯乙烯/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯)、PVC/VA(聚氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯)等。氯化聚乙烯均聚物(CPE)呈现出至少20wt％、优选至少25wt％，特别优选至少35wt％的氯含量(根据ISO1158)。25wt％或更高的氯含量会导致材料的弹性性能，同时至少35wt％的氯含量消除了聚乙烯段的结晶度，导致柔性/弹性更高的材料。
该材料还包含至少40phr、优选至少55phr的至少一种聚合物阻燃剂。
聚合物阻燃剂的卤素含量、优选溴含量为至少50wt％，优选至少60wt％，特别优选至少70wt％。
该高溴含量的聚合物阻燃剂能够替代常规的阻燃剂，例如，溴化阻燃剂，如十溴二苯醚(Deca-BDE)。该替代令人惊讶地不会损害该材料的阻燃性能，但是例如Deca-BDE具有较高的溴含量。
聚合物阻燃剂优选具有芳族结构(例如，溴化环氧聚合物和溴化聚苯醚)，由于溴化聚苯醚的高溴含量、玻璃化转变温度、和温度耐受性，特别优选溴化聚苯醚，使得即使在高于100℃的应用温度下也可用于FEF。
相对于全部组分总量，聚合物和至少一种聚合物阻燃剂的总计量高达≥20wt％，优选≥30wt％。
卤化聚苯醚在过去已经用于改进固体热塑体(如，聚酰胺(US4873276)、ABS和聚碳酸酯(US8889770和US4355126))的阻燃性，并且近来也用于改进聚烯烃(US2011184107)的阻燃性。仅最近，该添加剂成功用于泡沫应用，更具体地说，用于聚乙烯基发泡珠粒(US20160009888)，但是在本发明之前并未报道在热导率上的改进。提高的孔尺寸仅在挤出苯乙烯泡沫(US2016229970)的情况下有报道，但是溴化聚合物中的溴水平显著低于本发明，而且防火性明显较差。
本材料还包含至少60phr、优选至少100phr、特别优选至少150phr的至少一种无机填料(包括炭黑)，优选至少一种金属和/或半金属硫属元素(即氧、硫的化合物)种类的无机填料。无机填料可以是铝化合物，例如铝的硅酸盐、氧化物、氢氧化物等，例如，ATH(氢氧化铝)；和/或基于硅的化合物，例如硅酸盐、石英、沸石等；或者相应地是基于矿物的化合物，例如石膏、粘土、碳酸镁钙、水菱镁矿、珍珠岩、蛭石，白垩、板岩、石墨、滑石/云母等；或它们的任意混合物。优选的是无机填料，其通过在高于180℃的温度下释放水来冷却火，或者通过在高于180℃的温度释放二氧化碳、一氧化碳等来削弱或抑制火焰的氧供应。特别优选的是氢氧化铝(ATH)、氢氧化镁、碳酸镁钙、水菱镁矿，因为它们的高水平水释放。此外，该材料不会增加烟雾的产生。
相对于聚合物含量，本材料可以包含至少15phr、优选至少25phr、特别优选至少35phr的至少一种增塑剂。增塑剂应当对阻燃性具有积极影响。因此，优选的增塑剂是磷酸酯增塑剂、或氯化增塑剂、或它们的混合物。氯化增塑剂优选是根据DIN 53474的氯含量为至少20重量％、优选至少30重量％、特别优选至少40重量％的氯化石蜡和/或氯化脂肪酸取代的甘油和/或氯化α-烯烃。特别优选C>17的长链氯化增塑剂(LCCP)。
该高度氯化的长链材料具有最佳防火效果，并且与短链氯化增塑剂或中链氯化增塑剂相反，其不具有持续性、生物累积性或毒性。此外，该增塑剂在室温(19℃至23℃)下仍是液态的，并且因此显著降低了在低加工温度(＜80℃)下的粘度。此外，该增塑剂对烟雾产生的负面影响比溴化阻燃剂要小得多。
磷酸酯增塑剂可以是脂族、含氯脂族、或芳族磷酸酯、或它们的任意组合。优选的是高磷含量(>5wt％、优选>8wt％)且低烟雾产生的磷酸酯；特别优选的是二苯基-2-乙基己基磷酸酯(DPO)，由于其临界烟雾排放(marginal smoke emission)、出色的增塑效果和耐低温性。
本发明的材料可以包含至少一种用于含卤素增塑剂/聚合物和聚合物阻燃剂的增效剂，例如，三氧化二锑、锡酸锌、羟基锡酸锌、2,3-二甲基-2,3-二苯基丁烷、硼酸锌、氯氧化铋等。优选的是：基于锑(Sb)和/或锌(Zn)的材料，特别优选三氧化锑和/或锡酸锌。在烟的抑制和/或热量释放方面上，增效剂增加了着火反应中阻燃剂的效率。根据所需防火保护等级的不同，只有增效剂和常规阻燃剂的组合能获得所需效果。当三氧化锑与卤化阻燃剂组合使用时，可以实现最高水平的阻燃性能，而使用锡酸锌将会导致减少烟雾产生。聚合物卤化阻燃剂和增效剂之间的重量比为10:1至1:1，优选为7:1至2:1。该比率提供了阻燃性和成本之间的最佳平衡。
该材料还可以包含至少一种交联体系，例如过氧化物、三聚氰酸烯丙酯、三聚异氰酸三烯丙酯、苯基马来酰亚胺、噻二唑、脂肪酸酰胺、氢化硅烷化试剂、辐照活化剂(用于辐照或UV固化)、硫体系、双酚、金属氧化物等。优选的是硫和/或金属氧化物交联体系，因为其易加工性以及机械性能与成本之间的最佳平衡。
本材料另外可以包含选自机发泡剂和/或无机发泡剂类别的至少一种化学发泡剂(例如，释放二氧化碳、氮气、或氧气)。优选的是亚硝基型有机发泡剂、偶氮型有机发泡剂和/或芳族酰肼型有机发泡剂，特别优选偶氮型有机发泡剂，如偶氮二甲酰胺。
本材料还可以包含热稳定体系和/或返硫稳定剂体系。稳定剂可以选自如下类别：炭黑、金属氧化物(例如，氧化铁)和氢氧化物(例如，氢氧化镁)、金属有机络合物、自由基清除剂(例如生育酚衍生物)、复合硅酸盐(例如珍珠岩、蛭石)、及它们的组合
该材料还可以包含任何比例任何种类的成分(如，杀生物剂、稳定剂(例如，相对于UV、臭氧、返硫等)、颜料等)，包括用于改进其制造、应用和性能的添加剂，例如抑制剂、阻滞剂、促进剂等。本材料可以另外包含用于形成炭的添加剂和/或膨胀型添加剂(例如膨胀石墨)，用于常规保护目的并且/或者封闭并防止例如壁和隔板渗透。此外，本材料可包含在着火时导致自陶瓷化效应的物质，如含硅化合物和/或内部粘合促进剂，以确保共挤出和共层压应用中的自粘性能，如硅酸酯、官能化硅烷、多元醇等
所有上述成分表现出在各种剂量下容易混合且分散良好。
本材料可以通过橡胶工业中广泛使用的标准方法来混合，例如，在密炼机单螺杆或双螺杆挤出机中或在碾磨机上，优选密炼机。本材料的成形可以在挤出机、压制机、压延机中进行。由于易于形成片材和管材并且使得其在热空气烘箱、微波炉、盐浴等内不断硫化并膨胀的可能性，优选挤出机。优选的是热空气和微波炉，因为无需额外的清洁步骤。
本材料可以膨胀并交联至≤60kg/m3、优选≤55kg/m3、特别优选≤50kg/m3的根据DIN EN ISO 845的密度。优选密度≤55kg/m3、或者甚至≤50kg/m3，因为它们导致较低的热导率和由于较少材料消耗的较低成本。
本材料的主要优点是对隔热和隔音应用具有出色的适用性。根据DIN EN ISO8497/DIN EN 12667，所述材料实现了热导率(λ值)在0℃时≤0,031W/m*K。由于可实现低密度，当获得≤50kg/m3密度时，热导率可时降至在0℃为≤0,030W/m*K。与常规FEF相比，该较低的热导率可以使得隔绝所需空间降低超过10％。
本材料的显著优点是对于需要低火焰蔓延应用的适用性。本材料根据ASTM E84/CAN ULC S 102归类为A级(25/450)。
根据EN ISO 13823(SBI-测试)，取决于填充剂、阻燃剂、增效剂等的使用和比例，可获得各种分类等级。该材料至少归类为CL-s3,d0/C-s3,d0，还可以归类为BL-s3,d0/B-s3,d0分类，以及B-s2,d0和BL-s2,d0/BL-s1,d0，其是可行的。所有上述分类都可以实现而无需额外的覆盖、涂敷、后处理等。
本材料的一个联合优势是它可以实现该分类而不使用常规溴化或含硼阻燃剂如十溴二苯醚(Deca-BDE)，虽然它们在工业中仍然广泛使用并是标准的。许多这样的阻燃剂被怀疑对人类和环境都具有持续性、生物累积性和毒性。
本材料的显著优点是：由于CPE、PVC和聚合物阻燃剂的软化，粘度在硫化/膨胀期间显著降低，并因此吸收了由放热膨胀过程产生的过量焓。这导致非常稳定、高容差且稳健的制造过程。此外，CPE、PVC和聚合物阻燃剂在冷却时可使得泡沫稳定，从而改进强度并降低收缩率。
本材料的另一个优点是使用以低成本可大量获得且改进阻燃性的大量PVC和/或其共聚物和/或三元共聚物的可能。
该材料的另一个优点是不需要常规增塑剂，如被怀疑具有例如持续性、生物累积性、毒性等的邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂、短链或中链氯化石蜡(C<18)等。
该材料的另一个优点是出色的灵活性、可切割性和可结合性，导致在安装过程中快速且简单的适用性。
该材料的一个显著优点是它可以容易地与导致空气和水密封的标准的基于聚氯丁二烯的接触粘合剂、基于丙烯酸酯和/或苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的压敏粘合剂(PSA)、和/或热熔粘合剂进行胶合。
该材料提供了≥5.000、优选≥7.000、特别优选≥10.000的根据EN13469/EN12086高水蒸气透过率(WVT)值。当使用溴化聚合物阻燃剂替代常规的溴化阻燃剂(如Deca-BDE)或氯化阻燃剂(如氯化石蜡)时，该WVT值增加。由于这个原因，由于泡沫较低的热导率而可施加的较薄的壁厚显示出相等甚至更好的水蒸气阻挡性能，所述水蒸气阻挡性能由提高的WVT值来确定。
因此，该材料可用于低温隔绝(<0℃)，因为将待隔绝的物体通过湿气凝结进行保护而不受隔离下腐蚀(UIC)的影响。
一个联合优势是该材料具有根据ASTM D 1056通过真空吸水率所确定的<5.0％、优选<2.5％的高闭孔度。
该材料的另一个优点是其关于生产设备的通用性。它可以连续工艺(例如，通过挤出或共挤出)经济地进行生产。该材料还可以直接层压、模塑、共模塑、二次成型(overmould)、焊接(等)为单层或多层系统，因此可以无限制地成形于至汽车、运输、航空航天、建筑和建造、海洋和船舶、家具、机械工程和许多其他行业的各种表面上，即使通过热成型或其他成型方法亦可。该材料可以具体以管材和片材的形式以连续工艺以各种壁厚和内径进行制造；最合适的壁厚为3mm至50mm。
实施例
根据本发明和比较例的以下实施例以三步法制造：首先将化合物混合，然后挤出(成形)，并且最终膨胀并交联。
将化合物在密炼机中进行混合，平均混合时间为10分钟，对于包含PVC的化合物，平均卸料温度为145℃，并且对于不含PVC的化合物，平均卸料温度为120℃。在辊式研磨机上将化合物进一步均匀化，并在该步骤中加入交联体系和作为发泡剂(膨胀剂)的偶氮二甲酰胺。
挤出是在提供未膨胀的片材和管材的条带进料单螺杆真空挤出机上进行的。在5个烘箱的串联热风烘箱炉中将这些同时交联并膨胀成壁厚为25mm的板材和壁厚为25mm且内径为22mm的管材。表1列出了用于化合物的原料。表2给出了所评估化合物配方的概述，表3和表4包括发泡和交联材料的技术性能。
表1：原料
表2：比较和新颖的聚合物材料
*＝比较例
表3呈现了密度(根据DIN EN ISO 845)、在0℃下的热导率(根据DIN EN ISO8497/DIN EN 12667)和水蒸气透过率(根据EN 13469/EN 12086的WVT)。
清楚地指出，聚合物阻燃剂对交联且膨胀的隔离泡沫的导热性具有显著影响。另外，其还增加了WVT值，这意味着减少了水蒸气透过材料。
表3：技术性能
*＝比较例
表4显示：如果使用足量的聚合物溴化阻燃剂，燃烧行为也不会以负面方式受到影响。当相对于常规溴化阻燃剂如十溴二苯醚代替时，烟雾的产生可能会大幅减少。
表4：可燃性测试结果
*＝比较例

Claims (17)

1.一种膨胀聚合材料，其由总量至少200phr、优选至少300phr，但少于1000phr、优选少于700phr的组分组成，所述膨胀聚合材料包含：
a.100phr的至少一种聚合物，其中至少一种是硫和/或金属氧化物可交联弹性体；以及
b.至少40phr、优选至少55phr的至少一种聚合物阻燃剂，优选溴化聚合物阻燃剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的材料，其特征在于，所述弹性体包含至少50phr的丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶(NBR)和/或聚氯丁二烯(CR)和/或乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶(EPDM)。
3.如权利要求1所述的材料，其特征在于，100phr的聚合物包含至少80phr的至少一种热塑体、优选卤化热塑体，以及至少一种硫和/或金属氧化物可交联弹性体的掺混物，所述热塑体相对于所述弹性体的比率为3:1至1:10。
4.如权利要求3所述的材料，其特征在于，80phr的掺混物由如下物质组成：
a.丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶(NBR)和聚氯乙烯(PVC，包括其共聚物和其三元共聚物)，或者
b.丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶(NBR)和氯化聚乙烯(CPE)，或者
c.聚氯丁二烯(CR)和氯化聚乙烯(CPE)，或者
d.乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶(EPDM)和氯化聚乙烯(CPE)。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的材料，其特征在于，根据DIN EN ISO 8497/DIN EN12667的热导率(λ值)为在0℃时≤0,031W/m*K，优选在0℃时≤0,030W/m*K。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的材料，其特征在于，溴化聚合物阻燃剂的溴含量为至少50wt％，优选至少60wt％，特别优选至少70wt％。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的材料，其中，溴化聚合物阻燃剂具有芳族结构，优选是溴化聚苯醚。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的材料，其中，相对于全部组分总量，聚合物和聚合物阻燃剂的份额总计高达≥20wt％，优选≥30wt％。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的材料，其特征在于，所述材料包含至少60phr、优选至少100phr、特别优选至少150phr的至少一种无机填料。
10.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的材料，其特征在于，所述材料包含至少15phr、优选至少25phr、特别优选至少35phr的至少一种增塑剂。
11.如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的材料，其特征在于，所述材料通过至少一种硫和/或金属氧化物交联体系进行交联。
12.如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的材料，其特征在于，所述材料包含聚合物阻燃剂的至少一种增效剂，优选锑(Sb)和/或锌(Zn)基材料，特别优选三氧化锑和/或锡酸锌。
13.如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的材料，其特征在于，所述材料膨胀至<60kg/m3、优选<55kg/m3、特别优选<50kg/m3的根据DIN EN ISO 845的密度。
14.如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的材料，其特征在于，所述材料根据ASTM D 1056通过真空吸水率所确定的闭孔结构<5.0％、优选<2.5％。
15.如权利要求1至14中任一项所述的材料，其特征在于，所述材料据ASTM E84/CANNLC S 102评级为“A级”阻燃剂，并且/或者根据EN ISO 13823评级为CL-s3,d0/C-s3，d0，优选BL-s3,d0/B-s3,d0，特别优选BL-s2,d0。
16.用于制造如权利要求1至15中任一项所示材料的方法，其特征在于，聚合材料通过通过化学发泡剂的分解而膨胀，所述化学发泡剂优选亚硝基型化学发泡剂、偶氮型化学发泡剂和/或芳族酰肼型化学发泡剂，特别优选偶氮二甲酰胺。
17.如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的材料的用途，用于隔热和/或隔音。
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