CN108566909A - A kind of artificial marine habitat - Google Patents
A kind of artificial marine habitat Download PDFInfo
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- CN108566909A CN108566909A CN201810664253.7A CN201810664253A CN108566909A CN 108566909 A CN108566909 A CN 108566909A CN 201810664253 A CN201810664253 A CN 201810664253A CN 108566909 A CN108566909 A CN 108566909A
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- reef
- artificial marine
- stake
- marine habitat
- dome shape
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000700608 Sagitta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
- A01K61/78—Arrangements for sinking or mooring thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of artificial marine habitats.The artificial marine habitat includes：Multiple rectangular reef stakes, the stake of multiple arcs reef and dome shape dorsal shield；Multiple holes are offered on the dome shape dorsal shield；The multiple rectangular reef stake and multiple arcs reef stake are evenly provided on the bottom of the dome shape dorsal shield.Artificial marine habitat in the present invention has preferable resistance to capsizing, stability and anti-settling ability, can obtain better poly-fish effect.
Description
Technical field
This application involves civil engineering material and field of ocean engineering more particularly to a kind of artificial marine habitats.
Background technology
Aquafarm is to be based on marine ecosystems principle, and in specified sea areas, by launching a large amount of artificial marine habitats, proliferation is put
The measures such as stream, structure or the breeding of reparation marine organisms, growth, forage keep away the places such as the habitat needed for enemy, are proliferated maintenance fishing
Industry resource improves marine ecosystem environment, realizes the fishery pattern of sustainable use of fishery resources.Reinforcing aquafarm construction can be with
Accelerate fishery to turn mode tune structure and transition and upgrade, ensure that China's grain security, raising high-quality protein level of supply, maintenance are aquatic
Living resources repair the marine eco-environment, develop marine economy.
Aquafarm develops relatively early very fast in South Korea, Japan, US and European, and scale of investment is also larger, and achieves
Good economic benefit and ecological benefits, especially using South Korea and Norway as representative.In comparison, China aquafarm development compared with
To be slow, enterprise self-determining investment project is considerably less, more seriously lacks autonomous innovation vigor.China is in Novel artificial fish reef knot
Lack research and innovation in terms of configuration formula and Novel artificial fish reef material technology.
The artificial marine habitat almost all that China is launched in aquafarm at present is that ordinary reinforced concrete is prepared, this
Kind artificial marine habitat is under sea water intrusion environment usually because concrete cracking and the too early corrosion expansion due to of reinforcing bar lead to fish reef structure
Durability it is undesirable.Secondly, in the off-lying seas such as Nansha Islands aquafarm (with the large-scale development of Reef in Chinese South Sea, ocean
Pasture development rapid will start to walk and can be able to batch to invest to build) in engineering, the scheme needs of ordinary reinforced concrete artificial marine habitat from
Largely the raw material such as common sandstone, fresh water to Nansha Islands (are more than 1000 public affairs away from Sanya, Hainan continent to continent long sea voyage
In), it will lead to high freight charges because transporting large raw material by sea over long distances.Artificial marine habitat, only its material are built in Nansha Islands
Cost is approximately more than 10 times of continent, and economy is relatively low.In addition, most of the artificial marine habitat that China is launched at present be cube,
The armored concrete hollow out frame of the shapes such as cuboid, tri-prismoid, the frustum of a pyramid, this kind of fish shelter have more sharp fall more
Angle, the flow resistance in seabed is big, and anti-overturning (when being invested in hard sand substrates) and flow field effect are undesirable, and this class framework
Fish shelter is not provided with pile foundation, and fish shelter land subsidence easily occurs and causes in the environments such as subsea of weak deep Muddy Bottoms substrate if launching
Effective exposed height of fish shelter is substantially reduced, to make the poly- fish effect of artificial marine habitat have a greatly reduced quality.
In summary, due to the disadvantage on the material and structure design of artificial marine habitat in the prior art, how from material
Material and the aspect of structure two are innovated simultaneously, propose a kind of poly-fish effect more preferably, economic serviceability higher, environmentally friendly Artificial Fish
Reef reduces the construction cost of especially off-lying sea islands and reefs aquafarm artificial marine habitat, play better fishery resources restore to keep and
Sustainable development, marine eco-environment reparation or protective effect are the problems of urgent need to resolve in this field.
Invention content
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of artificial marine habitat, which has preferable resistance to capsizing, stabilization
Property and anti-settling ability, can obtain better poly-fish effect.
What technical scheme of the present invention was specifically realized in：
A kind of artificial marine habitat, the artificial marine habitat include：Multiple rectangular reef stakes, the stake of multiple arcs reef and dome shape dorsal shield；
Multiple holes are offered on the dome shape dorsal shield；
The multiple rectangular reef stake and multiple arcs reef stake are evenly provided on the bottom of the dome shape dorsal shield.
Preferably, the shape of the dome shape dorsal shield is streamlined.
Preferably, the hole on the dome shape dorsal shield includes：One top drilling and multiple lateral opening holes；
The top drilling is opened in the top of the dome shape dorsal shield；
The multiple lateral opening hole is opened in the side of the dome shape dorsal shield.
Preferably, the radius of the top drilling is 0.25~0.75 meter；The radius of the lateral opening hole be 0.25~
0.5 meter.
Preferably, the height of the rectangular reef stake and arc reef stake is 0.5~2.0 meter；
The thickness of the rectangular reef stake and arc reef stake is 150~400 millimeters.
Preferably, the cross-section lengths of the rectangular reef stake are 1.0~2.0 meters；
A length of 1.57~3.14 meters of the cross section outer arc of the arc reef stake.
Preferably, the thickness of the dome shape dorsal shield is 150~400 millimeters；
The sagitta of the dome shape dorsal shield is 1.0~2.0 meters；
The arch bottom major axis radius of the dome shape dorsal shield is 2.0~4.0 meters；
The arch bottom minor axis radius of the dome shape dorsal shield is 1.0~2.0 meters.
Preferably, the artificial marine habitat is prepared by marine aggregate concrete and anti-corrosion muscle material.
Preferably, the marine aggregate concrete is made of according to the following ratio following raw materials according：
140~190kg of seawater, grain size are 505~955kg of sea sand of 0~5mm, and grain size is the continuous grade of 5~31.5mm
Broken 840~the 1335kg of reef matched, 210~392kg of extra large work portland cement, Gu salt 45~84kg of agent, industrial residue 45~
84kg, 1.5~6.7kg of seawater coagulation soil compound additive.
Preferably, the marine aggregate concrete is made of according to the following ratio following raw materials according：
152~183kg of seawater, grain size are hydraulic reclamation coral reef sand aggregate 435~545kg of sand-mix of 0~20mm,
Grain size be 0~31.5mm hydraulic reclamation coral reef sand 1048~1325kg of aggregate stone sand mixture, extra large work portland cement 279~
354kg, Gu salt 58~76kg of agent, 58~76kg of industrial residue, 2.5~10.5kg of seawater coagulation soil compound additive.
Preferably, the industrial residue is ground steel slag, specific surface area is more than 450m2/kg, and free CaO content is low
In 3.0%.
Preferably, the seawater coagulation soil compound additive includes：Polycarboxylate water-reducer, slump retaining agent, antifoaming agent are gentle
Solidifying agent；
Wherein, the mass ratio of the polycarboxylate water-reducer and slump retaining agent is 3:1~1:1；
The mass fraction of the antifoaming agent is 7/0,000~1,5/0,000；
The volume of the retarder accounts for the 5/0000 of the quality sum of extra large work portland cement, solid salt agent and industrial residue three
~10/ ten thousand.
Preferably, the anti-corrosion muscle material is that basalt fibre answers material muscle, carbon fiber answers material muscle, glass fibre answers material muscle, sea
One or more of foreign anti-corrosion reinforcing bar.
As above multiple rectangular due to being provided in the bottom of dome shape dorsal shield as it can be seen that in artificial marine habitat in the present invention
Reef stake and multiple arcs reef stake, therefore the artificial marine habitat has preferable resistance to capsizing, stability and anti-settling ability, and
It is also possible that the dome shape dorsal shield part of above-mentioned artificial marine habitat is completely exposed in briny environment and dome shape is made full use of to carry on the back
The useful space under shell makes full use of the effective height of artificial marine habitat；In addition, above-mentioned rectangular reef stake and the stake of arc reef are penetrating sea
That is, the pile foundation of the artificial marine habitat can prevent to have preferable anchorage effect to the artificial marine habitat after in the mud of bottom
Artificial marine habitat generation moves horizontally, and can also provide withdrawal resistance when upper up-flow ocean current occurs and enhance the artificial marine habitat
Anti- ability of throwing, improves overall stability.Further, since also having opened up multiple holes on dome shape dorsal shield, therefore it can be the shoal of fish
There is provided high-quality flow field, it is good keep away enemy channel and place, obtain better poly-fish effect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the stereoscopic schematic diagram of the artificial marine habitat in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the front view of the artificial marine habitat in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the top view of the artificial marine habitat in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the bottom view of the artificial marine habitat in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the A-A diagrammatic cross-sections of the artificial marine habitat in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the B-B diagrammatic cross-sections of the artificial marine habitat in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the C-C diagrammatic cross-sections of the artificial marine habitat in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
To make technical scheme of the present invention and advantage be more clearly understood, below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, to this
Invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the stereoscopic schematic diagram of the artificial marine habitat in the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Fig. 1~Fig. 7, the embodiment of the present invention
In artificial marine habitat include：Multiple rectangular reef stakes 11, multiple arcs reef stake 12 and dome shape dorsal shield 13；
Multiple holes are offered on the dome shape dorsal shield 13；
The multiple rectangular reef stake 11 and multiple arcs reef stake 12 are evenly provided on the bottom of the dome shape dorsal shield 13
Portion.
In above-mentioned artificial marine habitat, due to being provided with multiple rectangular reef stakes and multiple arcs in the bottom of dome shape dorsal shield
Reef stake, therefore the artificial marine habitat has preferable resistance to capsizing, stability and anti-settling ability, and be also possible that above-mentioned
The dome shape dorsal shield part of artificial marine habitat is completely exposed in briny environment and makes full use of the useful space under dome shape dorsal shield；
In addition, above-mentioned rectangular reef stake and arc reef stake in penetrating bottom silt after that is, the artificial marine habitat pile foundation, to
There is preferable anchorage effect to the artificial marine habitat, artificial marine habitat generation can be prevented to move horizontally, and upper up-flow sea is occurring
Withdrawal resistance can also be provided when stream and enhances the anti-ability of throwing of the artificial marine habitat.Further, since also being opened up on dome shape dorsal shield
Multiple holes, therefore can be provided for the shoal of fish and good to keep away enemy channel and place.
In addition, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the dome shape dorsal shield is streamlined.
For example, the dome shape dorsal shield can have the streamlined contour of low flow resistance similar with marine aquatic biological-shell of treasured spiral shell,
So as to form inviscid flow field-effect in the inside of the dome shape dorsal shield of the artificial marine habitat and/or bottom, comparatively ideal stream is formed
The fast place slowly, conducive to fish food biocoene being detained, thus brings the aggregation of bait and traps the shoal of fish so far region rope
Bait.In addition, the streamlined contour of low flow resistance can also improve resistant slide ability of the artificial marine habitat when seabed is banked up and anti-incline
The property covered.
In addition, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the hole on the dome shape dorsal shield 13 includes：One
A top drilling 15 and multiple lateral opening holes 14；
The top drilling 15 is opened in the top of the dome shape dorsal shield 13；
The multiple lateral opening hole 14 is opened in the side of the dome shape dorsal shield 13.
By opening up above-mentioned top drilling and lateral opening hole on dome shape dorsal shield, good keep away can be provided for the shoal of fish
Oppose channel and place.
In the inventive solutions, can according to the needs of practical situations, in advance for the top drilling and
Its size is arranged in multiple lateral opening holes, to adapt to different application scenarios.
For example, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the radius R of the top drilling1Can be 0.25
~0.75 meter (m)；The radius R of the lateral opening hole2Can be 0.25~0.5 meter (m).
In addition, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the multiple rectangular reef stake and multiple arcs reef stake
All have preset first height H.
It in the inventive solutions, can be according to practical situations (for example, the ocean for launching the artificial marine habitat is herded
Ocean substrate type) needs, be that one first height is arranged in the multiple rectangular reef stake and multiple arcs reef stake in advance
H, to adapt to different application scenarios.
For example, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the height of the rectangular reef stake and arc reef stake
(i.e. the first height H) can be 0.5~2.0 meter (m).
For example, short reef stake (value of i.e. described first height is smaller) can be used in more hard sand substrates, with
Improve the resistance to capsizing and stability of fish shelter；And long reef stake (i.e. institute then can be used in more weak deep Muddy Bottoms substrate
The value for stating the first height is larger), so as to improve it using the bottom bearing of the pile top of reef stake and the frictional resistance of stake side
Anti-settling ability, and pass through the length and sectional dimension of reasonable design reef stake so that the dome shape dorsal shield portion of the artificial marine habitat
Divide and be completely exposed in briny environment and make full use of the useful space under dome shape dorsal shield, and above-mentioned long reef stake is penetrating
That is, the pile foundation of the artificial marine habitat can prevent this to have anchorage effect to the artificial marine habitat after in the mud in seabed
Artificial marine habitat generation moves horizontally, and can also provide withdrawal resistance when upper up-flow ocean current occurs and enhance the anti-of the artificial marine habitat
It throws ability.
Furthermore it is also possible to according to the needs of practical situations, rectangular reef stake and the arc of the artificial marine habitat are pre-set
Arc length outside the cross section of the cross-section lengths and arc reef stake of the thickness of shape reef stake and rectangular reef stake, to adapt to different answer
Use scene.
For example, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the thickness t of the rectangular reef stake and arc reef stake
Can be 150~400 millimeters (mm).
For example, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section lengths L of the rectangular reef stake1It can be with
For 1.0~2.0 meters (m)；Arc length L outside the cross section of the arc reef stake2Can be 1.57~3.14 meters (m).
In addition, in the inventive solutions, the people can also be pre-set according to the needs of practical situations
The number of the rectangular reef stake and arc reef stake of work fish shelter, to adapt to different application scenarios.
For example, preferably, as shown in figure 4, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the artificial marine habitat may include
2 rectangular reef stakes and 2 arc reef stakes；2 rectangular reef stakes and 2 arc reef stakes are spaced and be symmetrically disposed in institute
State the bottom of dome shape dorsal shield.
Certainly, in the inventive solutions, rectangular reef stake and the arc reef stake of other numbers can also be set, herein
No longer repeat one by one.
In addition, in the inventive solutions, can be pre-set described artificial according to the needs of practical situations
The sagitta of the dome shape dorsal shield of fish shelter, the thickness of planar dimension and dome shape dorsal shield, to adapt to different application scenarios.Example
Such as, when needing to build large-scale fish shelter heap, sagitta, the planar dimension of dome shape dorsal shield can be increased with reduce need to launch it is artificial
The quantity of fish shelter simultaneously improves construction efficiency；It, can when the seabed ocean current flow velocity of the aquafarm of the dispensing artificial marine habitat is larger
The thickness of dome shape dorsal shield is increased to improve dead weight and the overall stability of the artificial marine habitat.
For example, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the thickness T of the dome shape dorsal shield can be
150~400 millimeters (mm).
In addition, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the thickness t of the rectangular reef stake and arc reef stake
The thickness T of the dome shape dorsal shield can be greater than or equal to.
For example, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the sagitta H of the dome shape dorsal shieldACan be
1.0~2.0 meters (m).
For example, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the arch bottom major axis radius R of the dome shape dorsal shieldA2
Can be 2.0~4.0 meters (m)；The arch bottom minor axis radius R of the dome shape dorsal shieldA1Can be 1.0~2.0 meters (m).RA2And RA1
Between difference DELTA can be 1.0~2.0 meters (m).
In addition, in the inventive solutions, above-mentioned artificial marine habitat can be made using multiple material, below will
By taking several specific implementations therein as an example, technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.
For example, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the artificial marine habitat by marine aggregate concrete and
Anti-corrosion muscle material is prepared.
And in the inventive solutions, above-mentioned marine aggregate can be made using a variety of concrete implementation modes
Concrete will be described in detail technical scheme of the present invention by taking several specific implementations therein as an example below.
For example, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention (for example, at coastal or coastal waters), the ocean
Aggregate concrete can be according to the following ratio made of following raw materials according：
Seawater 140~190 kilograms (kg), grain size be 0~5 millimeter (mm) 505~955kg of sea sand, grain size be 5~
Broken 840~1335kg of reef of the continuous grading of 31.5mm, 210~392kg of extra large work portland cement, Gu salt agent 45~
84kg, 45~84kg of industrial residue, 1.5~6.7kg of seawater coagulation soil compound additive.
For example, preferably, the present invention another specific embodiment in (for example, in off-lying seas such as Reef in Chinese South Sea), institute
Marine aggregate concrete is stated can be according to the following ratio made of following raw materials according：
152~183kg of seawater, grain size are hydraulic reclamation coral reef sand aggregate 435~545kg of sand-mix of 0~20mm,
Grain size be 0~31.5mm hydraulic reclamation coral reef sand 1048~1325kg of aggregate stone sand mixture, extra large work portland cement 279~
354kg, Gu salt 58~76kg of agent, 58~76kg of industrial residue, 2.5~10.5kg of seawater coagulation soil compound additive.
In the inventive solutions, it is to be occupied the majority based on sand (grain size 0-5mm) in " sand-mix "；And
It is then to be occupied the majority based on stone (grain size is less than 5mm) in " stone sand mixture ".
In addition, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the solid salt agent can be Chinese invention patent
Recorded solid salt agent in ZL201511019403.1 (CN106396531A) can also be other solid salt agent.
In addition, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the industrial residue can be ground steel slag,
Its specific surface area is more than 450m2/ kg, free CaO content (mass fraction) are less than 3.0%.
It can be in addition, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, in the seawater coagulation soil compound additive
Including：Polycarboxylate water-reducer, slump retaining agent, antifoaming agent and retarder；
Wherein, the mass ratio of the polycarboxylate water-reducer and slump retaining agent is 3:1~1:1；
The mass fraction of the antifoaming agent is 7/0,000~1,5/0,000；
The volume of the retarder accounts for the total dosage of cementitious material (extra large work portland cement, solid salt agent and industrial residue three
Quality sum) 5/0,000~1,0/0,000.
In addition, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the anti-corrosion muscle material is that basalt fibre answers material
Muscle, carbon fiber answer material muscle, glass fibre answers material muscle, ocean is anti-corrosion one or more of reinforcing bar.
In addition, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the marine aggregate concrete can be modulated to
The concrete of high flowability can usually require the initial slump of the marine aggregate concrete not less than 210mm, divergence
It is not higher than 45mm less than 520mm, 1 hour (h) slump-loss.
In addition, in the preferable specific embodiment of the present invention, outside-attached-type can also be installed additional on molding die and shaken
Dynamic device, the disposable one-piece casting to realize the artificial marine habitat are pre-formed.The artificial marine habitat is about 1 day after pouring
(d) it demoulds, acrylic latex class curing agent can be sprayed on the surface of fish shelter concrete after demoulding, effectively to inhibit concrete table
The occurrence and development of the contraction crack in face.
Technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail by taking two specific embodiments as an example below.
Specific embodiment one：
In the present embodiment, the artificial marine habitat includes：Multiple rectangular reef stakes, the stake of multiple arcs reef and dome shape dorsal shield；
Multiple holes are offered on the dome shape dorsal shield；
The multiple rectangular reef stake and multiple arcs reef stake are evenly provided on the bottom of the dome shape dorsal shield.
In addition, preferably, the dome shape dorsal shield has the streamlined contour of low flow resistance similar with the shell of precious spiral shell.
In addition, preferably, being opened up on the dome shape dorsal shield there are one top drilling and multiple lateral opening holes.
In addition, preferably, the artificial marine habitat includes 2 rectangular reef stakes and 2 arc reef stakes；2 rectangular reef stakes
It is spaced with 2 arc reef stakes and be symmetrically disposed in the bottom of the dome shape dorsal shield.
In addition, preferably, the thickness of the dome shape dorsal shield is 320mm.
In addition, preferably, the radius of the top drilling is 0.5m；The radius of the lateral opening hole is 0.25m.
In addition, preferably, the sagitta of the dome shape dorsal shield is 1.0m.
In addition, preferably, the arch bottom major axis radius of the dome shape dorsal shield is 2.0m；The arch bottom of the dome shape dorsal shield is short
Axis radius is 1.0m；The Δ is 1.0m.
In addition, preferably, when the artificial marine habitat be invested in Reef in Chinese South Sea aquafarm and for hard sand substrates when, it is described
The height of rectangular reef stake and arc reef stake is 0.5m.
In addition, preferably, the thickness (i.e. cross-sectional width) of the rectangular reef stake and arc reef stake is 320mm.
In addition, preferably, the cross-section lengths of the rectangular reef stake are 1.5m；Arc length outside the cross section of the arc reef stake
For 2.4m.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the artificial marine habitat is prepared by marine aggregate concrete and anti-corrosion muscle material.
In the present embodiment, when in off-lying seas such as Reef in Chinese South Sea, the marine aggregate concrete can be by following raw materials according
It forms according to the following ratio：
Seawater 157kg, grain size be 0~20mm hydraulic reclamation coral reef sand aggregate sand-mix 470kg, grain size be 0~
Hydraulic reclamation coral reef sand aggregate stone sand mixture 1075kg, the extra large work portland cement 340kg of 31.5mm, Gu salt agent 75kg, industry
Waste residue 75kg, seawater coagulation soil compound additive 6.5kg.
In addition, preferably, the solid salt agent can be Chinese invention patent ZL201511019403.1
(CN106396531A) recorded solid salt agent in can also be other solid salt agent.
In addition, preferably, the industrial residue is ground steel slag, specific surface area 460m2/ kg, free CaO content
(mass fraction) is 2.8%.
In addition, preferably, the seawater coagulation soil compound additive includes：Polycarboxylate water-reducer, slump retaining agent, antifoaming agent
And retarder；
Wherein, the mass ratio of the polycarboxylate water-reducer and slump retaining agent is 1.5:1；
The mass fraction of the antifoaming agent is 1,3/0,000；
The volume of the retarder accounts for the total dosage of cementitious material (extra large work portland cement, solid salt agent and industrial residue three
Quality sum) 9/0,000.
In addition, preferably, the anti-corrosion muscle material, which is basalt fibre, answers material muscle.
In addition, in the present embodiment, in above-mentioned artificial marine habitat pouring molding, by the seawater coral aggregate concrete tune
Be made as the concrete of high flowability, the initial slump of the seawater coral aggregate concrete is 220mm, divergence 530mm,
1h slump-loss is 40mm；And install outside-attached-type vibrator additional on molding die, to realize the artificial marine habitat
Disposable one-piece casting is pre-formed.The artificial marine habitat is about in pouring rear 1d demouldings, i.e. in the table of fish shelter concrete after demoulding
Acrylic latex class curing agent is sprayed in face, under the strong wind of off-lying sea islands and reefs, strong sunshine environment when prefabricated above-mentioned artificial marine habitat,
Effectively inhibit the occurrence and development of the contraction micro-crack of concrete surface.
Specific embodiment two：
In the present embodiment, the artificial marine habitat includes：Multiple rectangular reef stakes, the stake of multiple arcs reef and dome shape dorsal shield；
Multiple holes are offered on the dome shape dorsal shield；
The multiple rectangular reef stake and multiple arcs reef stake are evenly provided on the bottom of the dome shape dorsal shield.
In addition, preferably, the dome shape dorsal shield has the streamlined contour of low flow resistance similar with the shell of precious spiral shell.
In addition, preferably, being opened up on the dome shape dorsal shield there are one top drilling and multiple lateral opening holes.
In addition, preferably, the artificial marine habitat includes 3 rectangular reef stakes and 3 arc reef stakes；3 rectangular reef stakes
It is spaced with 3 arc reef stakes and be symmetrically disposed in the bottom of the dome shape dorsal shield.
In addition, preferably, the thickness of the dome shape dorsal shield is 240mm.
In addition, preferably, the radius of the top drilling is 0.75m；The radius of the lateral opening hole is 0.5m.
In addition, preferably, the sagitta of the dome shape dorsal shield is 2.0m.
In addition, preferably, the arch bottom major axis radius of the dome shape dorsal shield is 4.0m；The arch bottom of the dome shape dorsal shield is short
Axis radius is 2.0m；The Δ is 2.0m.
In addition, preferably, when the artificial marine habitat is invested in coastal or coastal waters aquafarm and is weak deep Muddy Bottoms
When substrate, the height of the rectangular reef stake and arc reef stake is 1.8m.
In addition, preferably, the thickness (i.e. cross-sectional width) of the rectangular reef stake and arc reef stake is 300mm.
In addition, preferably, the cross-section lengths of the rectangular reef stake are 2.0m；Arc length outside the cross section of the arc reef stake
For 3.14m.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the artificial marine habitat is prepared by marine aggregate concrete and anti-corrosion muscle material.
In the present embodiment, when in coastal or coastal waters, the marine aggregate concrete can by following raw materials according press with
Lower proportioning composition：
Seawater 185kg, grain size are the sea sand 750kg of 0~5mm, and grain size is the broken reef of the continuous grading of 5~31.5mm
1000kg, extra large work portland cement 300kg, Gu salt agent 65kg, industrial residue 65kg, seawater coagulation soil compound additive 3.2kg.
In addition, preferably, the solid salt agent can be Chinese invention patent ZL201511019403.1
(CN106396531A) recorded solid salt agent in can also be other solid salt agent.
In addition, preferably, the industrial residue is ground steel slag, specific surface area 460m2/ kg, free CaO content
(mass fraction) is 2.8%.
In addition, preferably, the seawater coagulation soil compound additive includes：Polycarboxylate water-reducer, slump retaining agent, antifoaming agent
And retarder；
Wherein, the mass ratio of the polycarboxylate water-reducer and slump retaining agent is 2.5:1；
The mass fraction of the antifoaming agent is 8/0,000；
The volume of the retarder accounts for the total dosage of cementitious material (extra large work portland cement, solid salt agent and industrial residue three
Quality sum) 6/0,000.
In addition, preferably, the anti-corrosion muscle material is the anti-corrosion reinforcing bar in ocean.
In the inventive solutions, the anti-corrosion reinforcing bar in the ocean added in preparation process suitable Cr, Ni,
A variety of corrosion resistant alloy elements such as Mo, Ti, and use advanced fine rolling mill practice, thus its resisting sea water erosion ability compared to
Common iron reinforcing bar greatly improves.
In addition, in the present embodiment, in above-mentioned artificial marine habitat pouring molding, by the seawater coral aggregate concrete tune
Be made as the concrete of high flowability, the initial slump of the seawater coral aggregate concrete is 210mm, divergence 520mm,
1h slump-loss is 35mm；And install outside-attached-type vibrator additional on molding die, to realize the artificial marine habitat
Disposable one-piece casting is pre-formed.
In conclusion in the inventive solutions, due to being provided with multiple rectangular reefs in the bottom of dome shape dorsal shield
Stake and multiple arcs reef stake, therefore the artificial marine habitat has higher resistance to capsizing, stability and anti-settling ability, but also
The dome shape dorsal shield part of above-mentioned artificial marine habitat can be made to be completely exposed in briny environment and make full use of dome shape dorsal shield
Under the useful space, make full use of the effective height of artificial marine habitat；In addition, above-mentioned rectangular reef stake and the stake of arc reef are penetrating seabed
That is, the pile foundation of the artificial marine habitat can prevent this to have preferable anchorage effect to the artificial marine habitat after in mud
Artificial marine habitat generation moves horizontally, and can also provide withdrawal resistance when upper up-flow ocean current occurs and enhance the anti-of the artificial marine habitat
It throws ability, improves overall stability.Further, since also having opened up multiple holes on dome shape dorsal shield, therefore can be carried for the shoal of fish
Channel and place are opposed for high-quality flow field, good keep away, obtains better poly-fish effect.
In addition, the shape due to the dome shape dorsal shield in the present invention is streamlined, it is launched that flow resistance at seabed is small, stream
Field-effect is good, and resists throwing property high when upper up-flow, therefore can be in the inside of the dome shape dorsal shield of the artificial marine habitat and/or bottom shape
At inviscid flow field-effect, the place that comparatively ideal flow velocity is slow, is detained conducive to fish food biology is formed, bait is thus brought
Assemble and traps the shoal of fish so far region forage.
In addition, since the height of rectangular reef stake and the arc reef stake of the artificial marine habitat in the present invention can be according to dispensing the people
The substrate type of the aquafarm of work fish shelter and pre-set, therefore the artificial marine habitat can be adapted for a variety of different ocean bases
Base ring border both can be adapted for hard sand substrates, is readily applicable to the weak Muddy Bottoms substrate of different depth, can be used for along close
The Artificial Fish-Reefs of the aquafarms such as sea or Nansha Islands off-lying sea.
In addition, since the artificial marine habitat in the present invention is prepared by marine aggregate concrete and anti-corrosion muscle material,
The Yu Haiyang region that can gather materials on the spot natural material is (for example, non-purified natural sea sand, broken reef, hydraulic reclamation coral reef
Husky aggregate, seawater etc.), realization takes from sea, is used for sea, reduces because of Large scale construction aquafarm and due to launch artificial marine habitat
Harmful competition relationship is formed to the more nervous common sandstone building materials in continent, and in the engineering in the offshore such as Nansha Islands, moreover it is possible to
The common sandstone of large sea-freight, fresh water building materials and the high freight charges generated over long distances are save, project cost is greatly reduced；In addition may be used also
To dissolve industrial residue, so as to play better fishery resources recovery and marine eco-environment reparation or protective effect, carry
The economy of high artificial marine habitat, environment friendly.
In addition, due to used in above-mentioned marine aggregate concrete can stage by stage, the solid salt of classification and can be multiple dimensioned, stage by stage
The solid salt agent of compacted cement stone microstructure, therefore the ability of the resistance sea water intrusion of the marine aggregate concrete own material
It significantly improves.Moreover, ordinary reinforced concrete is in marine environment, harsh corrosion especially with high salt in Reef in Chinese South Sea high temperature and humidity
In environment, it is easy steel bar corrosion to occur to early and swollen, the accelerated corrosion in turn so as to cause concrete spalling peeling of becoming rusty.And
In the present invention, anti-corrosion muscle material has been used in above-mentioned artificial marine habitat, therefore is not in (basalt answers material muscle operating mode)/postpone significantly
There is (ocean is anti-corrosion reinforcing bar operating mode) steel bars corrosion problem, and since anti-corrosion muscle material is in its smelting and the operation of rolling, is added
A variety of corrosion resistant alloy elements such as suitable species, suitable Cr, Ni, Mo, Cu or Ti, and advanced rolling mill practice is used, thus
Its resisting sea water erosion ability is greatly improved compared to common iron reinforcing bar.So the present invention in above-mentioned artificial marine habitat it is resistance to
Corrosive properly greatly improves.
Further, since the structure of the artificial marine habitat in the present invention is simple, can primary cast-in-place molding, therefore make it is simple, at
This is relatively low.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
With within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included within the scope of protection of the invention god.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of artificial marine habitat, which is characterized in that the artificial marine habitat includes：Multiple rectangular reef stakes, the stake of multiple arcs reef and dome
Shape dorsal shield；
Multiple holes are offered on the dome shape dorsal shield；
The multiple rectangular reef stake and multiple arcs reef stake are evenly provided on the bottom of the dome shape dorsal shield.
2. artificial marine habitat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The shape of the dome shape dorsal shield is streamlined.
3. artificial marine habitat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the hole on the dome shape dorsal shield includes：One top
Portion's trepanning and multiple lateral opening holes；
The top drilling is opened in the top of the dome shape dorsal shield；
The multiple lateral opening hole is opened in the side of the dome shape dorsal shield.
4. artificial marine habitat according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：
The radius of the top drilling is 0.25~0.75 meter；The radius of the lateral opening hole is 0.25~0.5 meter.
5. artificial marine habitat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The height of the rectangular reef stake and arc reef stake is 0.5~2.0 meter；
The thickness of the rectangular reef stake and arc reef stake is 150~400 millimeters.
6. artificial marine habitat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The cross-section lengths of the rectangular reef stake are 1.0~2.0 meters；
A length of 1.57~3.14 meters of the cross section outer arc of the arc reef stake.
7. artificial marine habitat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The thickness of the dome shape dorsal shield is 150~400 millimeters；
The sagitta of the dome shape dorsal shield is 1.0~2.0 meters；
The arch bottom major axis radius of the dome shape dorsal shield is 2.0~4.0 meters；
The arch bottom minor axis radius of the dome shape dorsal shield is 1.0~2.0 meters.
8. artificial marine habitat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The artificial marine habitat is prepared by marine aggregate concrete and anti-corrosion muscle material.
9. artificial marine habitat according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the marine aggregate concrete by following raw materials according press with
Lower proportioning composition：
140~190kg of seawater, grain size are 505~955kg of sea sand of 0~5mm, and grain size is the broken of the continuous grading of 5~31.5mm
840~1335kg of skerry stone, 210~392kg of extra large work portland cement, Gu salt 45~84kg of agent, 45~84kg of industrial residue, sea
1.5~6.7kg of water coagulation soil compound additive.
10. artificial marine habitat according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the marine aggregate concrete is pressed by following raw materials according
Proportioning composition below：
152~183kg of seawater, grain size are hydraulic reclamation coral reef sand aggregate 435~545kg of sand-mix of 0~20mm, and grain size is
Hydraulic reclamation coral reef sand aggregate 1048~1325kg of stone sand mixture, the 279~354kg of extra large work portland cement of 0~31.5mm, Gu
Salt 58~76kg of agent, 58~76kg of industrial residue, 2.5~10.5kg of seawater coagulation soil compound additive.
11. artificial marine habitat according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：
The industrial residue is ground steel slag, and specific surface area is more than 450m2/kg, and free CaO content is less than 3.0%.
12. artificial marine habitat according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the seawater coagulation soil compound additive includes：
Polycarboxylate water-reducer, slump retaining agent, antifoaming agent and retarder；
Wherein, the mass ratio of the polycarboxylate water-reducer and slump retaining agent is 3:1~1:1；
The mass fraction of the antifoaming agent is 7/0,000~1,5/0,000；
The volume of the retarder account for the quality sum of extra large work portland cement, solid salt agent and industrial residue three 5/0,000~
10/0000.
13. artificial marine habitat according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：
The anti-corrosion muscle material is in basalt fibre answers material muscle, carbon fiber answers material muscle, glass fibre answers material muscle, ocean is anti-corrosion reinforcing bar
One or more.
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| CN110372289A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-10-25 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | A kind of concrete artificial reef and preparation method thereof |
| CN112741033A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Multifunctional cabin combined artificial fish reef |
| CN114642187A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-06-21 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Primary and secondary fish reef for sediment collection experiment and using method thereof |
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| CN208354346U (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2019-01-11 | 中冶建筑研究总院有限公司 | A kind of artificial marine habitat |
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| CN205071877U (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2016-03-09 | 广东海洋大学 | Artificial ecology coral reef |
| CN105936593A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-09-14 | 中冶建筑研究总院有限公司 | Seawater coral aggregate concrete |
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| CN110372289A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-10-25 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | A kind of concrete artificial reef and preparation method thereof |
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