CN105130293B - A kind of production method of ecological revetment material - Google Patents
A kind of production method of ecological revetment material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105130293B CN105130293B CN201510442191.1A CN201510442191A CN105130293B CN 105130293 B CN105130293 B CN 105130293B CN 201510442191 A CN201510442191 A CN 201510442191A CN 105130293 B CN105130293 B CN 105130293B
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of production method of novel ecological embankment material：Mass fraction is weighed as 129~133 parts of water, 206~213 parts of cement, 52~53 parts of flyash, 647~653 parts of sand, 1330~1342 parts of stones, 2.06~2.13 parts of water-reducing agents and 0.015~0.016 part of air entraining agent according to raw material proportioning；Mixing stirs, and pours out the performance of detection concrete mix after a certain period of time, ensures slump value in the range of 40mm~60mm, air content is pressed in the range of 4%~4.5%；Mixture is poured into mold, is vibrated with vibrator, vibration compacting；Form removal after test specimen is stood for 24 hours after being molded, is put into standard curing room maintenance 28 days or watering conserves in a natural environment.The present invention as raw material and is aided with the materials such as rubble or coarse sand and cement and produces the material of suitable river bank slope protection using silt in river and water, and prepare material be easily obtained, prepare it is simple, of low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water conservancy and hydropower technical fields, especially relate to a kind of making side of novel ecological embankment material
Method.
Background technology
Alluvial stream is under nature evolution state, and river regime, channel planform and water front etc. are in uncontrollable shape
State can constitute a threat to littoral socio-economic development safely with the people's lives and property, be unfavorable for playing the comprehensive function in river.
Therefore, it is to stablize water front, control river regime, stable boat slot etc. to control river requirements of one's work to carry out dredging waterway and bank slope protection, with profit
In the comprehensive function for giving full play to river.Bank slope protection is the important component in river training works, in river management work
Generally existing in journey.For middle and lower reach of Yangtze River channel revetment engineering, more than 90% be riprap protection pattern, the shield in other rivers
Bank engineering is also similar, and based on riprap protection, riprap protection biggest advantage is that materials are relatively easy, adapts to riverbed majority
Deformability is strong, is easy to reinforcing etc..Riprap protection needs a large amount of building stones, and building stones are obtained typically by exploitation mountain stone
Source, the exploitation mountain stone of large area can lead to the serious destruction of local environment, damage the image of the fine territory of motherland.Therefore,
Seek the direction that alternative materials control river worker effort always.In recent years, for river bank slope protection, the country has carried out other more
The experimental project of kind pattern, achieves positive achievement.For example, the new material, new that channel revetment engineering in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River uses
Technology, new process mainly have hinged concrete row, mold-bagged concrete, six side four sides water-permeable frames, cobble pad, nethike embrane cobble row
Deng, in these shore protection patterns cobble pad or cobble row in contrast comparative ecology, shore protection main raw material(s) take from river, fit
When exploitation river cobble will not generate the ecological environment in material source area big influence, and life of this kind of bank-protection works to guard plot
State environment is influenced smaller or even can be made moderate progress.But the cobble reserves of natural river course are limited, and exhaustive exploitation can cause river
A series of problems, such as road incision, water level reduce.Alluvial streams riverbed is mainly made of medium-fine sand or fine sand, how to be taken on the spot
Material using the silt in river as main raw material(s) by suitably processing formation and the equivalent embankment material of cobble is crucial.Cause
This, is badly in need of inventing a kind of novel revetment material to substitute previous traditional embankment material, to meet dredging waterway and bank slope protection
Needs, while also farthest mitigate these engineering constructions to ecological environment adverse effect.
Invention content
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention proposes a kind of production method of novel ecological embankment material, silt in river is utilized
As raw material and it is aided with the material that the materials such as rubble or coarse sand and cement produce suitable river bank slope protection, and make with water
Standby material is easily obtained, it is simple, of low cost to prepare.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme：
A kind of production method of novel ecological embankment material, it is characterised in that：The production method of the embankment material is：It presses
Mass fraction is weighed as 129~133 parts of water, 206~213 parts of cement according to raw material proportioning, 52~53 parts of flyash, 647~653
Part sand, 1330~1342 parts of stones, 2.06~2.13 parts of water-reducing agents and 0.015~0.016 part of air entraining agent；Mixing stirs, a timing
Between after pour out the performance of detection concrete mix, ensure slump value in the range of 40mm~60mm, air content presses 4%~
In the range of 4.5%；Mixture is poured into mold, is vibrated with vibrator, vibration compacting；Test specimen standing after molding is torn open afterwards for 24 hours
Mould, is put into standard curing room maintenance 28 days or watering conserves in a natural environment.
Preferably, the cement is meets GB 200-2003 moderate-heat portland cements, low-heat portland cement, low-heat ore deposit
42.5 moderate heat cements of slag portland cement technology requirement meet the requirement of GB 175-2007 common portland cements technology
42.5 ordinary cements.
Preferably, the flyash is to meet the I that DL/T 5055-2007 concrete for hydraulic structure mixes flyash technical specification
Grade flyash.
Preferably, the sand is to meet DL/T 5151-2001 concrete for hydraulic structure sandstone aggregate testing regulations technologies to require
Artificial rubble or coarse sand；Stone uses graduation two aggregate, i.e., the middle stone that grain size is 5~20mm gravelstone, grain size are 20~40mm；
Two kinds of aggregate ratios, with experiment, choose the grading ratio that tapped bulk density is maximum, porosity is minimum by coarse aggregate combination stage.
Preferably, the water-reducing agent and air entraining agent are the height for meeting the requirement of GB 8076-2008 concrete admixtures technology
Performance water-reducing agent and air entraining agent.
The embankment material is flat sphere, and it is 0.1~0.3m that preferred shape, which is major semiaxis, semi-minor axis for 0.05~
0.15m, thickness are the oval ball of 0.05~0.15m.
The present invention has the following advantages：
(1) present invention makes full use of the raw material of natural river course to make to form embankment material, is conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection.
(2) embankment material of the invention can adjust size and shape according to actual needs, to meet different flow conditions
Protection with bank slope boundary condition needs.
(3) because the embankment material of the present invention for bulk solid or forms isostere, after carrying out bank slope protection, there is preferable riverbed
Adaptability is deformed, and the gap between protection body is conducive to improve the microhabitat of aquatile.
(4) embankment material of the invention is adaptable to dredging waterway and the bank slope protection in large, medium and small river, it can also be used to
Other kinds of bank slope protection.
Attached drawing
Fig. 1 makes the grading case of natural sand that embankment material uses；
The structure diagram of Fig. 2 representativeness embankment materials；
Fig. 3 makes the structure diagram of the mold of embankment material.
Specific embodiment
For a better understanding of the technical solution of the present invention, technology provided by the invention is described in detail with reference to embodiment
Scheme.
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of novel ecological embankment material, this method includes the basic material made, matches
Than, embankment material size and shape determine and manufacture craft.
1st, the selection and requirement of basic material are made
The novel ecological embankment material as main raw material(s) and is aided with powder by the use of water, silt, rubble or coarse sand and cement
Coal ash and additive complete.
The present invention has raw material following requirement：
(1) cement
Meet GB 200-2003《Moderate-heat portland cement, low-heat portland cement, low heat portland blast-furnace-slag cement》Technology
It is required that 42.5 moderate heat cements or meet GB 175-2007《Common portland cement》42.5 ordinary cements of technology requirement；
(2) flyash
Meet DL/T 5055-2007《Concrete for hydraulic structure mixes flyash technical specification》I grades of flyash；
(3) fine aggregate
Meet DL/T 5151-2001《Concrete for hydraulic structure sandstone aggregate testing regulations》The sand of technology requirement, artificial grain fineness number
Modulus in 2.4~2.8 ranges, natural grain fineness number modulus in 2.2~3.0 ranges, as shown in Figure 1, fine aggregate answer quality it is hard,
Cleaning, grading are good；
(4) coarse aggregate
Meet DL/T 5151-2001《Concrete for hydraulic structure sandstone aggregate testing regulations》The artificial rubble of technology requirement, uses
Graduation two aggregate, i.e. gravelstone (5-20mm), middle stone (20-40mm)；Two kinds of aggregate ratios, with experiment, are chosen by coarse aggregate combination stage
The grading ratio that tapped bulk density is maximum, porosity is minimum.
(5) additive
Meet GB 8076-2008《Concrete admixture》The high-performance water reducing agent and air entraining agent of technology requirement.
2nd, ratio requirement
(1) concrete preparation strength is determining
The novel ecological embankment material concrete strength is determined as C20 according to identical bank-protection works material concrete strength,
According to DL/T 5330-2005《Mix proportion of concrete design discipline》, concrete preparation strength is calculated as follows：
fcu,0=fcu,k+tσ (1)
In formula：fcu,oThe preparation strength of-concrete, MPa；
fcu,kThe strength standard value of-Concrete Design age, MPa；
T-degree of probability coefficient；It is selected by given fraction P, when design age is 28d, compression strength fraction P
It is 95%, corresponding t=1.645；
σ-concrete strength standard deviation, MPa for C20 concrete, can use 4.0.
It is computed, C20 Concrete Designs preparation strength is 26.6MPa.
(2) mix Design
Foundation《Mix proportion of concrete design discipline》, it is basic to choose the mix-designs such as water-cement ratio, water consumption, sand coarse aggregate ratio
Parameter carries out trial, adjustment and performance test, determining final concrete mix and is shown in Table 2：
2 graduation two Normal Concrete Construction match ratio of table
Note：1. material property need to meet the technology requirement of corresponding specification in table.
2. table Central Plains density of material is respectively cement 3.10kg/m3, flyash 2.30kg/m3, sand 2.67kg/m3, stone
2.70kg/m3, in practice of construction, dosage water, sand coarse aggregate ratio and admixture dosage are changed according to material property and mix workability
It finely tunes.
3. machine outlet graduation two normal concrete slump value is controlled by 40mm~60mm；Air content is by 4%~4.5% control
System.
Example 1：Using the match ratio in table 2, choose Sichuan and praise magnificent 42.5 moderate heat cements, Xuanwei of Yunnan Province I grades of fine coal, limestones
Artificial sand, limestone artificial aggregate, the JM-II efficient retarding and water reducing agents of Jiangsu Botexin Materials Co., Ltd's production and Wuhan
The HS-8 type air entraining agents of Huashuo Science Co., Ltd of work research institute production, are tested, 28d compression strength through compressive strength test
For 27.2MPa, meet the configuration intensity requirement of C20 concrete 26.6MPa.
Example 2：Using the match ratio in table 2, choose Yunnan protect forever 42.5 ordinary cements and I grades of Sichuan inland river flyash,
The HLC-NAF retardation setting high efficiency diminishings that griotte artificial sand, griotte artificial aggregate, Nanjing R ＆ D High Technology Co., Ltd. produce
Agent and the concrete of HLC-A air entraining agents configuration, are tested, 28d compression strength is 28.4MPa, meets C20 and mixes through compressive strength test
The configuration intensity requirement of solidifying soil 26.6MPa.
According to upper table 2
3rd, embankment material size and shape is determining
The protective mechanism of bank-protection works is that not only had the adjustment capability for adapting to river-bed deformation, but also slope surface can be protected from flow
Scouring capability.For embankment material, it is necessary to meet individual or the stability of cell cube and anti-impact requirement.Formula (2) is oblique
The initial velocity calculation formula of bulk solid on slope.
In formula：CD, CLFor thrust and the coefficient of uplift force, W, FDRespectively the underwater effective gravity of bulk solid particle with along flow
The thrust in direction, α0,α1,α2The respectively corresponding area coefficient of gravity, uplift force, sliding force, γs, γ is respectively shore protection individual material
With the severe of water；H, D are respectively the grain size of the depth of water and bulk solid particle；M is the index in exponential velocity formula；α is acted on for underflow speed
In the coefficient of bed surface sand grain height；λ is bourn acting force and horizontal angle；φ is river longitudinal direction base slope slope angle；G attaches most importance to
Power acceleration；θ is riverbank slope angle, if θ is critical slope, tan θ=f (internal friction angle)；β1For torque coefficient；For sand grain
The direction of motion and the angle of downslide force direction, Just
For formula (2), for coarse sediment, the coefficient in formula can be taken as CD=0.7, CL=0.18, β1=0.38, m=6, α
=1.0.Can be seen that by formula (2), bulk solid particle under different flows and boundary condition, on bank slope the initial velocity of particle with
The factors such as its size, bank slope angle, riverbed longitudinal direction base slope are related.For example, initial velocity increases with the increase of grain diameter, with
The steepening of bank slope and reduce, reduce with the increase of riverbed longitudinal direction base slope.
3 are the results are shown in Table according to what formula (2) calculated.Particle is considered with the shape of sphere in formula (2).The present invention considers
Mutually under the conditions of equal appearance grain size, shape uses ellipse, because the granular material of ellipse is opposite small by flow action area,
It is difficult compared with the mutually equal sphere for holding grain size that it is started, and therefore, the impact resilience of embankment material of the invention should be better than the calculating in table 3
As a result.In view of the actual needs of middle and lower reach of Yangtze River bank-protection works, underwater embankment material individual of the invention holds grain size according to grade
0.2m (V=4.2 × 10-3m3；M=10kg it) is designed, bank protection combination stone pad waterborne carries out, and embankment material individual holds according to grade
Grain size 0.1m (V=5.2 × 10-4m3；M=1.3kg it) is designed, shape is oval-shaped ball, is conducive to increase it in this way
Impact resilience.Fig. 2 is etc. to hold the individual shapes cases of design that grain size is 0.2m, 0.1m, as shown in the figure, the long axis of oval ball is a,
Short axle is b, a=0.2m, b=0.1m.
The initial velocity U of bulk solid particle under the conditions of the different bank slopes of table 3c(m/s)
Note：The condition of initial velocity in table, depth of water 20.0m, there are φ=0, λ=0 for aspergillus ficuum；γs=2.4 ×
103kg/m3。
4th, the manufacture craft of ecological revetment material
Manufacture craft is divided into following 3 steps：
(1) it prepares
Concrete weighs various raw material by proportioning in table, pours into concrete mixer and water stirring is added (or manually to mix
System), mixing is poured out after the stipulated time, detection concrete mixture characteristic (parameters such as slump and air content)；
(2) it is die-filling
Mold design is shown in Fig. 3, and mold is the platypelloid type cylinder 1 that there is oval ball empty slot 2 at a middle part.Mixture is poured into
In mold, vibrated with vibrator, vibration compacting；
(3) it conserves
Scheme 1：Form removal after test specimen is stood for 24 hours after being molded is put into temperature as 20 ± 2 DEG C, more than 95% relative humidity
Standard curing room conserves 28 days, and concrete crushing strength can reach configuration intensity 26.6MPa；
Scheme 2：It is covered in a natural environment with wet gunnysack, watering conserves, holding moisture state, while under the same conditions
Formation of concrete cube specimen, after curing age 28d, using SL352-2006《Concrete for hydraulic structure testing regulations》Experiment side
The compressive strength of concrete of maintenance is accompanied in method test, which, which reaches configuration intensity 26.6MPa, can stop conserving；If
Intensity is not up to configured in compressive strength of concrete, then continues maintenance until configuration intensity is reached.
The present invention has the following advantages：
(1) present invention makes full use of the raw material of natural river course to make to form embankment material, is conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection.
(2) embankment material of the invention can adjust size and shape according to actual needs, to meet different flow conditions
Protection with bank slope boundary condition needs.
(3) because the embankment material of the present invention for bulk solid or forms isostere, after carrying out bank slope protection, there is preferable riverbed
Adaptability is deformed, and the gap between protection body is conducive to improve the microhabitat of aquatile.
(4) embankment material of the invention is adaptable to dredging waterway and the bank slope protection in large, medium and small river, it can also be used to
Other kinds of bank slope protection.
The foregoing is merely the detailed descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention, do not limit the present invention with this, all at this
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made in the mentality of designing of invention etc., should be included in protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of production method of ecological revetment material, it is characterised in that：The production method of the embankment material is：According to raw material
Proportioning weighs mass fraction as 129 ~ 133 parts of water, 206 ~ 213 parts of cement, 52 ~ 53 parts of flyash, 647 ~ 653 parts of sand, 1330 ~
1342 parts of stones, 2.06 ~ 2.13 parts of water-reducing agents and 0.015 ~ 0.016 part of air entraining agent；Mixing stirs, and it is mixed to pour out detection after a certain period of time
The performance of solidifying soil mixture, ensures slump value in the range of 40mm ~ 60mm, air content is pressed in the range of 4% ~ 4.5%；By mix
Object is poured into mold, is vibrated with vibrator, vibration compacting；Form removal after test specimen is stood for 24 hours after being molded, is put into standard curing room and supports
It protects 28 days or watering conserves in a natural environment；
The cement is meets GB 200-2003 moderate-heat portland cements, low-heat portland cement, low heat portland blast-furnace-slag cement
Technology requirement 42.5 moderate heat cements or meet GB 175-2007 common portland cements technology requirement 42.5 in light water
Mud；
The flyash is to meet the I grade flyash that DL/T 5055-2007 concrete for hydraulic structure mixes flyash technical specification；
The sand be meet DL/T 5151-2001 concrete for hydraulic structure sandstone aggregate testing regulations technology requirement artificial rubble or
Coarse sand；Stone uses graduation two aggregate, i.e., the middle stone that grain size is the gravelstone of 5 ~ 20mm, grain size is 20 ~ 40mm；Two kinds of aggregate ratios by
Coarse aggregate combination stage chooses the grading ratio that tapped bulk density is maximum, porosity is minimum with experiment；
The water-reducing agent and air entraining agent be meet GB 8076-2008 concrete admixtures technology requirement high-performance water reducing agent and
Air entraining agent；
The size of the embankment material is derived by the initial velocity calculation formula of bulk solid on slope, and following formula is on slope
The initial velocity calculation formula of bulk solid, for embankment material, it is necessary to which the stability for meeting individual or cell cube will with anti-impact
It asks, the grain size of bulk solid particle is confirmed by the formula；
In formula：,For thrust and the coefficient of uplift force,The respectively corresponding area of gravity, uplift force, sliding force
Coefficient,Respectively shore protection individual material and the severe of water；The respectively depth of water and the grain size of bulk solid particle；To refer to
Index in number velocity formula；The coefficient of bed surface sand grain height is acted on for underflow speed；For river longitudinal direction base slope slope
Angle；For acceleration of gravity；For riverbank slope angle, ifFor critical slope, then tan=；For torque coefficient；For silt
The grain direction of motion and the angle of downslide force direction；
Consider under the conditions of mutually equal appearance grain size, for shape using ellipse, the embankment material is flat sphere, specially long
Semiaxis is 0.1 ~ 0.3m, and semi-minor axis is 0.05 ~ 0.15m, and thickness is the oval ball of 0.05 ~ 0.15m.
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| CN105819772A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2016-08-03 | 华北水利水电大学 | Grid bank concrete mechanical performance test method |
| CN111592286B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2022-03-08 | 杭州元成规划设计集团有限公司 | Ecological bank protection material with good biocompatibility |
| CN112250381B (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-06-24 | 中国三峡建设管理有限公司 | High-strength high-crack-resistance abrasion-resistant concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN114988794B (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-05-05 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | High-strength ecological concrete for river and lake ecological bank protection and preparation method of test block |
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| CN102409638B (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-08-21 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Low water resistance anchoring piece |
| CN104088253B (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2016-08-24 | 桐乡市禾源水泥制品有限公司 | Eco-concrete four even ball and production method thereof |
| CN104402352A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-11 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Four-graded roller compacted concrete suitable for water power hydraulic engineering and preparation method thereof |
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