JP5215633B2 - Soil improving material for promoting floating larval settlement of shellfish and method for promoting floating larval settlement of shellfish - Google Patents
Soil improving material for promoting floating larval settlement of shellfish and method for promoting floating larval settlement of shellfish Download PDFInfo
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- JP5215633B2 JP5215633B2 JP2007281897A JP2007281897A JP5215633B2 JP 5215633 B2 JP5215633 B2 JP 5215633B2 JP 2007281897 A JP2007281897 A JP 2007281897A JP 2007281897 A JP2007281897 A JP 2007281897A JP 5215633 B2 JP5215633 B2 JP 5215633B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Description
本発明は、貝類（アサリ等）の養殖技術、より詳しくは、そのために用いられる土壌改良材および土壌改良方法に関する。 The present invention relates to aquaculture techniques for shellfish (such as clams), and more particularly to a soil improvement material and a soil improvement method used therefor.
現在、国産アサリの生産量は約４万トンであるのに対し、国内需要量は１０万トン以上となっており、国産アサリの増産が急務となっている。アサリは受精から幼生の時期を海水中に浮遊して生活し、その後土壌表面に着底して成長するが、アサリ浮遊幼生は、底質表面を探査しながら好適な底質を選択して着底する性質を有する。たとえば、アサリの浮遊幼生は粗砂（粒径0.85〜2 mm）を好むことが知られており（非特許文献１，２）、アサリの生育場を修復するために、そのような粒径の山砂で漁場を覆砂することで浮遊幼生が好んで着底できるようにすることが行われてきた。 At present, the production volume of domestic clams is about 40,000 tons, while the domestic demand is more than 100,000 tons, and there is an urgent need to increase the production of domestic clams. The clams live by floating in seawater from the time of fertilization to the larvae, and then grow on the soil surface.The clams float on the surface of the sediment by selecting a suitable bottom sediment. It has a bottoming property. For example, it is known that clams' floating larvae prefer coarse sand (particle size 0.85 to 2 mm) (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). It has been practiced to allow floating larvae to settle down by covering the fishing ground with mountain sand.
また、鉄鋼業から排出される高炉スラグ(水砕スラグ、徐冷スラグ)を用いた、以下のような漁場の改善方法も知られている。
特開２００４−２１５５３３号公報（特許文献１）には、Ｃａイオンを溶出する粒状物（高炉水砕スラグ等）を敷設することを特徴とする、貝類の漁場の改良・造成方法が開示されている。Ｃａイオンはアサリ等の貝類の殻の成長に必要な成分であり、この方法により貝類の生育・成長が効果的に促進されるとされている。
The following fishing ground improvement methods using blast furnace slag (granulated slag, slow-cooled slag) discharged from the steel industry are also known.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-215533 (Patent Document 1) discloses a shellfish fishing ground improvement / creation method characterized by laying granular materials (e.g., blast furnace granulated slag) that elute Ca ions. Yes. Ca ions are a component necessary for the growth of shells of clams such as clams, and it is said that the growth and growth of shells are effectively promoted by this method.
特開平１１−２９９３８７１号公報（特許文献２）には、塊状の高炉徐冷スラグを水底に投入することを特徴とする、魚介類の養殖方法が開示されている。高炉徐冷スラグからはＣａＯが多く溶出するため海底を中性ないし弱アルカリ性に改質でき、また塊状物の突出部には海草が付着・成長しやすいことなどから、海底を魚介類の生育にとって好ましい環境にする効果があるとされている。 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-2993871 (Patent Document 2) discloses a method for cultivating seafood, characterized in that a block-like blast furnace chilled slag is introduced into the bottom of the water. Since the blast furnace slow-cooled slag contains a large amount of CaO, the bottom of the sea can be modified to neutral or weakly alkaline, and seaweeds can easily adhere to and grow on the protruding parts of the lump. It is said that it has the effect of creating a favorable environment.
特開２００２−２３８４０１１号公報（特許文献３）には、ケイ酸塩イオンの放出源として高炉水砕スラグを水中に設置することを特徴とする、水中の環境改善方法が開示されている。海水中のケイ酸塩濃度を高めることでケイ藻類の増殖を促進することにより、磯焼け（海草着生基板の表面が石灰藻に覆われた状態になること）や赤潮など、海草生育環境の衰退、消失の要因を解消する効果があるとされている。 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-2384011 (Patent Document 3) discloses an underwater environment improvement method characterized by installing blast furnace granulated slag in water as a silicate ion release source. By promoting the growth of diatoms by increasing the silicate concentration in seawater, seaweed growth environments such as firewood burning (the surface of the seagrass substrate is covered with lime algae) and red tide It is said to be effective in eliminating the causes of decline and disappearance.
しかしながら、これらの特許文献によっても、貝類の浮遊幼生の着底にとって好ましい環境を所定の素材を使用して創出することにより、貝類の漁場環境を改善するという技術的思想は開示されていない。
本発明は、漁場等においてアサリ等の貝類の浮遊幼生の着底を促進するための土壌改良材および方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a soil improvement material and method for promoting the settlement of floating larvae of shellfish such as clams in a fishing ground or the like.
本発明者は、一般廃棄物等の焼却灰溶融スラグを土壌に添加することにより、アサリ浮遊幼生の着底が促進され、その効果は山砂や高炉スラグよりも遥かに高い（たとえば実施例では着底個体数が約８倍になった。）ことを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。 By adding incinerated ash molten slag such as general waste to the soil, the present inventor promoted the settlement of clams floating larvae, and its effect is much higher than that of mountain sand and blast furnace slag (for example, in the examples) It was found that the number of bottoming individuals has increased about 8 times.) The present invention has been completed.
すなわち、本発明における貝類浮遊幼生の着底促進用土壌改良材（以下「本発明の土壌改良材」ともいう。）は、焼却灰溶融スラグを主成分とすることを特徴とする。
この焼却灰溶融スラグとしては、一般焼却灰または石炭焼却灰の溶融スラグが好ましい。また、焼却灰溶融スラグは粉砕され、さらに一定の粒径（好ましくは０．１〜１０ｍｍ、より好ましくは０．５〜５ｍｍ、さらに好ましくは０．８〜３ｍｍ）に整粒されたものであることが望ましい。
That is, the soil improvement material for promoting settlement of shellfish floating larvae in the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “the soil improvement material of the present invention”) is characterized by containing incinerated ash molten slag as a main component.
The incinerated ash molten slag is preferably a general incinerated ash or coal incinerated ash molten slag. The incinerated ash molten slag is pulverized and further sized to a certain particle size (preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 5 mm, still more preferably 0.8 to 3 mm). It is desirable.
また、本発明の貝類の浮遊幼生着底促進方法（以下「本発明の方法」ともいう。）は、上述のような土壌改良材、またはこれらの土壌改良材に用いられている焼却灰溶融スラグのみ（以下、これらをまとめて「本発明の土壌改良材等」ともいう。）を用いることを特徴とする。 Further, the method for promoting the settlement of floating shellfish larvae of the shellfish of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “the method of the present invention”) is the above-described soil improvement material, or incinerated ash molten slag used in these soil improvement materials. (Hereinafter, these are collectively referred to as “soil improving material of the present invention”).
本発明の土壌改良材等を養魚場の土壌に散布する場合、焼却灰溶融スラグが１ｍ2当た
り５〜５００ｋｇとなる量で散布することが好ましく、１０〜２５０ｋｇとなる量で散布することがより好ましい。一方、本発明の土壌改良材等を養魚場の土壌に配合する場合、焼却灰溶融スラグが土壌１００ｋｇ当たり１〜５０ｋｇとなる量で配合することが好ましく、５〜２５ｋｇとなる量で配合することがより好ましい。
When the soil improvement material of the present invention is sprayed on the soil of the fish farm, it is preferable to spray the incinerated ash molten slag in an amount of 5 to 500 kg per 1 m 2 , more preferably 10 to 250 kg. preferable. On the other hand, when mix | blending the soil improvement material of this invention, etc. with the soil of a fish farm, it is preferable to mix | blend with the quantity which incinerated ash molten slag becomes 1-50 kg per 100 kg of soil, and mix | blend with the quantity used as 5-25 kg. Is more preferable.
このような本発明の方法は、特にアサリの浮遊幼生の着底促進にとって好適である。 Such a method of the present invention is particularly suitable for promoting the bottoming of clams floating larvae.
本発明の土壌改良材を用いることにより、アサリ等の貝類の浮遊幼生が好む海底の環境を創出できるため、漁場等へのそれらの着底数が増加することが期待でき、成貝の生産量を向上させることが可能となる。 By using the soil amendment material of the present invention, it is possible to create a seabed environment that is favored by floating larvae of clams such as clams. It becomes possible to improve.
「焼却灰溶融スラグ」は、廃棄物等の焼却灰を１０００℃以上（たとえば１３００℃程度）の高温で溶融した後に冷却して生成される固化物であり、一般的には路盤材等としても使用されているものである。本発明で用イる焼却灰溶融としては、ごみ焼却場等で発生する一般的な都市ごみ・廃棄物の焼却灰（一般焼却灰）の溶融スラグや、火力発電所や製紙工場等で発生する石炭の焼却灰（石炭焼却灰）の溶融スラグが好ましく、その他上下水道汚泥焼却灰や製紙スラッジ焼却灰等の溶融スラグなどを用いることもできる。ただし、本発明における焼却灰溶融スラグは、いわゆる高炉スラグまたは製鋼スラグとは区別されるものである。 “Incinerated ash molten slag” is a solidified product produced by melting incinerated ash such as waste at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher (for example, about 1300 ° C.) and generally cooling it. It is what is used. The incineration ash melting used in the present invention occurs in the melting slag of general municipal waste / waste incineration ash (general incineration ash) generated in a waste incineration plant, thermal power plant, paper mill, etc. Molten slag of coal incineration ash (coal incineration ash) is preferable, and molten slag such as water and sewage sludge incineration ash and papermaking sludge incineration ash can also be used. However, the incinerated ash molten slag in the present invention is distinguished from so-called blast furnace slag or steelmaking slag.
焼却灰溶融スラグには、自然放冷と適度の散水による温度管理がなされた徐冷処理によって得られる結晶質の岩石状のもの（徐冷スラグ）、空気を当てるまたは自然空冷によって得られるガラス質の小石サイズのもの（空冷スラグ）、および加圧水を噴射するまたは水中に投入するなど急激な冷却処理によって得られるガラス質の粒状のもの（水砕スラグ）があるが、本発明では、水冷もしくは空冷焼却灰溶融スラグを用いることが好ましい。 Incinerated ash molten slag is a crystalline rock-like material (annealed slag) obtained by slow cooling treatment with natural cooling and moderate watering, glassy material obtained by applying air or by natural air cooling Pebbles size (air-cooled slag) and glassy granular material (granulated slag) obtained by rapid cooling treatment such as injecting pressurized water or throwing it into the water. In the present invention, water-cooled or air-cooled It is preferable to use incinerated ash molten slag.
さらに、本発明では、貝類の浮遊幼生の着底をより効果的に促進するため、焼却灰溶融スラグを粉砕し、さらに一定の粒径に調整して用いることが望ましい。焼却灰溶融スラグの粒径は、対象とする貝類の浮遊幼生が好む範囲で調整することができるが、たとえば、
好ましくは０．１〜１０ｍｍ、より好ましくは０．５〜５ｍｍ、さらに好ましくは０．８〜３ｍｍである。このような粒径を有する焼却灰溶融スラグは、粉砕機・整粒機を用いるなどの一般的な手法により調製することができる。
Furthermore, in the present invention, in order to more effectively promote the bottoming of the floating larvae of shellfish, it is desirable that the incinerated ash molten slag is pulverized and further adjusted to a certain particle size. The particle size of the incinerated ash molten slag can be adjusted within the range preferred by the target shellfish floating larvae,
Preferably it is 0.1-10 mm, More preferably, it is 0.5-5 mm, More preferably, it is 0.8-3 mm. The incinerated ash molten slag having such a particle size can be prepared by a general method such as using a pulverizer or a granulator.
なお、焼却灰溶融スラグが貝類浮遊幼生の着底を促進する効果に優れている理由は充分には明らかになっていないが、たとえば、高炉スラグ、ガラスビーズ、碍子等と比較して、その表面の物理的形状（たとえばなめらかさ）が適していることや、アルカリ性物質が溶出しやすいことがその一因となっているものと推測される。 The reason why incinerated ash molten slag is excellent in the effect of promoting the settlement of shellfish floating larvae has not been fully clarified, but for example, compared with blast furnace slag, glass beads, insulators, etc. It is presumed that this is due to the fact that the physical shape (for example, smoothness) is suitable and the alkaline substance is easily eluted.
本発明の土壌改良材は、上述のような焼却灰溶融スラグを主成分とするものであり、その他貝類の浮遊幼生の着底にとって好ましい砂質土等の成分が適量含まれていてもよい。例えば、石炭灰の造粒物表面に焼却灰溶融スラグを修飾したものが挙げられる。 The soil improvement material of the present invention is mainly composed of the incinerated ash molten slag as described above, and may contain an appropriate amount of other components such as sandy soil preferable for the settlement of floating larvae of shellfish. For example, the thing which modified the incinerated ash melt slag on the granulated material surface of coal ash is mentioned.
そして、このような本発明の土壌改良材または焼却灰溶融スラグそのものを用いることにより、貝類の浮遊幼生の着底を促進することができる。
たとえば、本発明の土壌改良材等を貝類を増殖させたい養魚所等に投入し、その土壌（海底面等）に散布するようにして用いることができる。この場合、本発明の土壌改良材等の散布量は適宜調整することが可能であるが、焼却灰溶融スラグが１ｍ2あたり好ましく
は５〜５００ｋｇ、より好ましくは１０〜２５０ｋｇとなるような量で散布すればよい。
And by using such a soil improvement material or incinerated ash molten slag itself of the present invention, it is possible to promote the settlement of floating larvae of shellfish.
For example, the soil improvement material of the present invention can be used by putting it in a fish farm or the like where shellfish are to be propagated and spraying it on the soil (such as the sea floor). In this case, the amount of application of the soil conditioner of the present invention can be adjusted as appropriate, but the amount of incinerated ash molten slag is preferably 5 to 500 kg, more preferably 10 to 250 kg per 1 m 2. Just spray.
また、本発明の土壌改良材等を貝類を増殖させたい養魚所等の土壌中に配合・混入させるようにして用いることもできる。この場合も、本発明の土壌改良材等の配合量は適宜調整することが可能であるが、焼却灰溶融スラグが土壌１００ｋｇあたり好ましくは１〜５０ｋｇ、より好ましくは５〜２５ｋｇとなるような量で散布すればよい。 Moreover, the soil improvement material of this invention etc. can also be used so that it may mix | blend and mix in soils, such as a fish farm where a shellfish should be propagated. In this case as well, the blending amount of the soil improving material and the like of the present invention can be adjusted as appropriate, but the amount so that the incinerated ash molten slag is preferably 1 to 50 kg, more preferably 5 to 25 kg per 100 kg of soil. Can be sprayed on.
上記のようにして本発明の土壌改良材等を散布、配合等するためには、底質の環境改善のために行われている公知の装置や技術的手法（たとえば、作業船および撹拌装置を用いた混合撹拌作業等）を適用することができ、その態様は特に制限されるものではない。 In order to disperse, mix, etc., the soil improvement material of the present invention as described above, known devices and technical methods (for example, a work ship and a stirring device) used for improving the environment of the bottom sediment are used. The mixed stirring operation and the like used can be applied, and the mode is not particularly limited.
以上のような本発明の方法は、浮遊幼生が底質選択性を有する貝類全般に対して適用可能であるが、中でもアサリに対して適用することが好適である。本発明の土壌改良材等および方法の態様は、このような対象とする貝類の性質に合わせて適宜調整することができる。たとえば、底質の嗜好性にあわせて、土壌改良材等に含まれる焼却灰溶融スラグの粒径やその他の成分の配合組成を変更することができる。また、土壌改良材等を散布または混合する対象地も、貝類の種類に応じて、海水域、汽水域または淡水域の適切な深度における所望の範囲とすることができる。 The method of the present invention as described above can be applied to all shellfish in which floating larvae have bottom sediment selectivity, but it is particularly preferable to apply to clams. The aspect of the soil improvement material etc. and method of this invention can be suitably adjusted according to the property of such target shellfish. For example, the particle size of the incinerated ash molten slag contained in the soil improvement material and the composition of other components can be changed in accordance with the preference of the bottom sediment. Moreover, the target site to which the soil improvement material or the like is sprayed or mixed can also be set to a desired range at an appropriate depth in a seawater area, a brackish water area, or a freshwater area, depending on the type of shellfish.
対象生物：アサリ浮遊幼生（フルグロウン期：ペディベリジャー幼生）
対象アサリ浮遊幼生のサイズ：180〜250 μm
操作手順：
―浮遊幼生の獲得―
１） 生殖腺が十分に発達した大型アサリを4℃の冷蔵庫内に1晩静置し、その後取り出して海水に入れ、海水温度を28℃まで上昇させ、放精／放卵を開始させた。
Target organism: clams floating larvae (full-growing period: pediberger larvae)
Target clam floating larva size: 180-250 μm
Operating procedure:
―Acquisition of floating larva―
1) Large clams with fully developed gonads were allowed to stand overnight in a refrigerator at 4 ° C, then removed and placed in seawater, the seawater temperature was raised to 28 ° C, and fertilization / ovulation was started.
２） 放精／放卵を開始した個体をすばやく取り出し、きれいな濾過海水中で放精／放卵を継続させ、受精卵を得た。
３） 30 Lのパンライト水槽に受精卵を含む海水入れ、1日静置した。
2) Individuals that started fertilization / ovulation were quickly taken out and fertilization / ovulation was continued in clean filtered seawater to obtain fertilized eggs.
3) Seawater containing fertilized eggs was placed in a 30 L panlite tank and allowed to stand for 1 day.
４） 受精卵がトロコフォア幼生に変態したことを顕微鏡下で確かめ、浮遊幼生が沈降し
ないように撹拌翼をゆっくりと回した。
５） 幼殻が完成してベリジャー幼生に変態したことを確認後、大きさ5 μm前後の単細
胞藻類（ハプト藻と珪藻）を餌料として与え、3〜4週間で幼生がフルグロウン期に達した。なお、この時期の浮遊幼生は発達した足部をもち、ときどき遊泳を停止してはその先端で底面などに触れ、また遊泳を始めるという行動を繰り返す。海水は基本的に1日1回全換水を行った。
4) It was confirmed under a microscope that the fertilized egg was transformed into a trochophore larva, and the stirring blade was slowly turned so that the floating larva would not settle.
5) After confirming that the larvae were completed and transformed into verijer larvae, unicellular algae (haptophyta and diatoms) with a size of around 5 μm were given as food, and the larvae reached the full-growth stage in 3-4 weeks. In addition, the floating larvae at this time have developed feet, and sometimes repeat the action of stopping swimming, touching the bottom surface with the tip, and starting swimming. Seawater was basically changed once a day.
―試験用土壌の作成と着底試験―
１） 着底試験の対照系には山砂を用いた。また、山砂と比較する基盤として、溶融スラグの他に高炉スラグ（水砕スラグ、徐冷スラグ）、クリンカアッシュ(エネルギア・エコ
・マテリア製)、Hiビーズ(エネルギア・エコ・マテリア製)等を用いた。また、粒度分布
の際による影響を除外するため、粒径を0.85〜2 mmに揃えたものも用意した。なお、使用した山砂は天然の山砂（埋め戻しなどに使用される一般的な砂）である。各々を試験土壌としてシャーレに入れ、30 Lのパンライト水槽に沈めて並べた。
-Preparation of test soil and grounding test-
1) Mountain sand was used as a control system for the bottoming test. In addition to molten slag, blast furnace slag (granulated slag, slow-cooled slag), clinker ash (produced by Energia Eco-Materia), Hi beads (produced by Energia Eco-Materia), etc. Using. In addition, in order to exclude the influence due to the particle size distribution, those having a particle size of 0.85 to 2 mm were prepared. The mountain sand used is natural mountain sand (common sand used for backfilling). Each was placed in a petri dish as test soil and placed in a 30 L panlite aquarium.
２） 水槽内に浮遊幼生を入れ、表層の海水中の浮遊幼生密度がほぼゼロとなり、着底が完了したことを確かめた後、シャーレを取り出し、土壌をチャック付ポリ袋に洗い込んだ。
それらのポリ袋に、10％ホルマリン水溶液に少量のローズベンガルを加えた溶液を数ml入れ、アサリ着底稚貝を染色した。
2) Floating larvae were placed in the aquarium, and after confirming that the floating larvae density in the sea water on the surface layer was almost zero and the bottoming was completed, the petri dish was taken out and the soil was washed into a plastic bag with a chuck.
A few ml of a solution of a small amount of rose bengal added to a 10% formalin aqueous solution was put in these plastic bags, and the clams settled larvae were dyed.
３） 実体顕微鏡下で染色した着底稚貝数を計数した。
結果：
アサリ浮遊幼生の各基盤に対する着底数は、図１に示すとおりである。
3) The number of bottoming nymphs stained under a stereomicroscope was counted.
result:
The number of landings on each base of clam floating larvae is as shown in FIG.
本試験では、同一の水槽に組成の異なる基盤をシャーレに入れて並べており、アサリの浮遊幼生はその中から着底土壌を選択することができる。粒度を揃えない場合、粒径を0.85〜2 mmに揃えた場合、共に溶融スラグに最も多い着底が認められた。特に粒径を0.85〜2.0 mmとした場合、着底促進効果は顕著に現れた。なお、粒度を揃えない場合、溶融スラグへの着底数は高炉スラグの4倍、粒径を揃えた場合では8倍となった。 In this test, different bases of different compositions are placed in a petri dish in the same tank, and the floating larvae of clams can select the bottom soil. When the particle size was not uniform, when the particle size was 0.85 to 2 mm, the most frequent bottoming was observed in the molten slag. In particular, when the particle size was 0.85 to 2.0 mm, the bottoming promoting effect was remarkable. When the particle size was not uniform, the number of bottoms on the molten slag was 4 times that of the blast furnace slag, and 8 times when the particle size was uniform.
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