CN108559835B - Device and method for laser processing of outer raceway of ball bearing - Google Patents
Device and method for laser processing of outer raceway of ball bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN108559835B CN108559835B CN201810238428.8A CN201810238428A CN108559835B CN 108559835 B CN108559835 B CN 108559835B CN 201810238428 A CN201810238428 A CN 201810238428A CN 108559835 B CN108559835 B CN 108559835B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of laser shock strengthening devices, in particular to a device and a method for processing an outer raceway of a ball bearing by laser. The device comprises a laser, a signal line, a controller, a light spot adjusting unit, a manipulator A, a camera, a lens, a clamp, a manipulator B and a 45-degree total reflection mirror; the invention uses the divergent lens to make the intensity of the light spot irradiated on the curved surface raceway uniform, uses the camera to monitor the shape and the size of the light spot in real time, strictly controls the power density, and provides a method for uniformly processing the curved surface raceway.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser shock strengthening devices, in particular to a device for realizing uniform laser processing on an inner concave arc bending surface by monitoring spot parameters and utilizing divergent light.
Background
The workpiece which does contact friction movement is subjected to contact interaction stress for a long time, and the surface of the workpiece gradually receives fatigue corrosion to generate cracks. After the crack is generated, the crack is expanded to the surroundings with the passage of time in the following work, resulting in large fatigue damage of the surface. Therefore, in industries where metal production, engineering and construction, ship manufacturing, and the like are frequently used in contact with metal workpieces, improving the contact fatigue resistance and prolonging the contact fatigue life of the metal workpieces are important problems. In particular, for some parts mainly in contact motion, such as bearings and the like, the processing difficulty of irregular contact surfaces is high, and the contact fatigue life is difficult to effectively improve. Although the traditional methods for improving the contact fatigue life include heat treatment, mechanical shot blasting and rolling, the methods have good effects, but the processing of irregular surfaces and unmanageable dead corners is difficult to realize, especially the processing that the bearing rolls to the curved surface and even the outer raceway of the ball bearing, wherein the curvature is negative. The method brings difficulty to production work, is complex in implementation process, high in consumption and low in processing efficiency, and cannot achieve the same processing effect of regular surfaces.
The laser impact is a popular method for improving the surface contact fatigue performance of the metal parts, has a series of advantages of wide application range, no damage to the surface of a base material, high cleanliness, low operation cost, no pollution to the environment and high processing flexibility, and has a good application prospect in the aspect of equipment maintenance. The Chinese patent application with the application number of 200910265427.3 discloses a focusing active disorder device and a method for a roller laser texturing machine tool, which are suitable for laser impact disorder uniform processing of the outer surface of a tubular material, but the method of a chopping disk and a scrambler used by the device is difficult to process smaller curved surface parts. The Chinese patent application with application number of 201210194974.4 discloses a processing method and processing equipment for the surface of a multi-head laser disordered roughening roller, and compared with the previous patent, the method for generating a matched laser impact path by using a plurality of lasers can achieve the disordered uniform processing of the surface of a roller part. Although the above two patent applications make a certain breakthrough in the technology of uniformly processing curved surfaces by laser impact, the limitations of the objects and ranges of use are large, the small or miniature tubular metal walls are difficult to process, the interior of the tubular material with negative curvature cannot be uniformly processed, if the process is to be realized, more devices such as a pipe clamp and a feeding device are required to be perfect, and the manufacturing cost of equipment is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for processing an outer raceway of a ball bearing by laser, which realizes uniform strengthening of the outer raceway of the ball bearing.
A device for laser processing of an outer raceway of a ball bearing, comprising: the device comprises a laser, a signal line, a controller, a light spot adjusting unit, a manipulator A, a camera, a lens, a clamp, a manipulator B and a 45-degree total reflection mirror, wherein the light spot adjusting unit comprises a light spot shaping device, a convergent lens, a divergent lens A and a divergent lens B; laser beams emitted by the laser device are irradiated on the surface of the raceway at the bottom of the bearing through the spot shaping device, the converging lens, the diverging lens A, the 45-degree total reflection mirror and the diverging lens B.
The 45-degree total-reflection mirror is simultaneously positioned in the center of the bearing and is placed at an angle of 45 degrees with the plane of the clamp, the camera is positioned in the upper space of the side of the bearing, the lens is opposite to the irradiation position of the laser spot, the left position and the right position of the laser spot can be observed, the camera is connected with the mechanical arm A, the divergent lens B is positioned between the 45-degree total-reflection mirror and the bottom of the bearing and is horizontally placed and vertical to the axis of the bearing; the bearing is arranged on the clamp, and the clamp is vertically arranged and connected with the manipulator B; the upper end of the bearing and the bottom of the bearing are arranged on the clamp, the manipulator B is connected with the controller through a signal line, and the position of the manipulator B can be adjusted to adjust the ranges of the left position and the right position of the laser spot; the controller controls the manipulator A through the signal line to change the position of the camera so that the lens can observe the laser spot overall appearance all the time.
And the upper focal length position of the divergent lens B is superposed with the center of the curvature circle of the raceway surface at the bottom of the bearing.
And the light spot shaping device is connected with the controller through a signal wire.
The working process of the device of the invention is as follows:
the first step is as follows: the upper end of the bearing and the bottom of the bearing are fixed on a clamp, the clamp is connected with a manipulator B, the center of the bearing is ensured to be coincided with the center of a laser beam emitted by a laser, and then the manipulator B is moved to enable the focal length position above the divergent lens B to be coincided with the curvature circle center position of the raceway surface at the bottom of the bearing.
The second step is that: the camera monitors and calculates the size of a light spot, the left position of the laser light spot and the right position of the laser light spot in real time, the obtained data is input into the controller through a signal line, the controller judges whether the manipulator B is correctly adjusted according to the obtained left position and right position of the laser light spot, and the controller controls the output of the laser to enable the manipulator B to meet the light spot parameters of impact processing; the camera is fixed on the manipulator A and used for changing the position of the lens so that the camera can monitor the left position and the right position of the laser spot; the center of the light spot adjusting unit is superposed with the center of a light beam emitted by the laser; the center of the 45-degree total reflection mirror is coincided with the center of the bearing; the focal length of the convergent lens is larger than that of the divergent lens A, and the convergent lens is matched with the light beam with uniform output section area.
The third step: the controller controls the laser and the mechanical arm B to operate in a matched mode through real-time observation data of the lens, so that the clamp on the mechanical arm B drives the bearing to do circular motion around the axis, and the area at the bottom of the bearing is changed to finish 360-degree machining of a local area.
The fourth step: the controller controls the laser and the manipulator B to operate in a matched manner through real-time observation data of the lens, and the clamp on the manipulator B drives the bearing to do circular motion around the curvature circle center of the surface of the raceway at the bottom of the bearing, and the controller is matched with the third step to complete 360-degree machining of the whole raceway area.
The fifth step: after laser impact work of the whole raceway area is completed, the laser stops working, the camera stops working and leaves the observation area along with the manipulator A, and the manipulator B drives the bearing to leave the machining area and takes down the bearing.
The invention has the beneficial effects
1. The device for processing the outer raceway of the ball bearing by laser provides a method for processing the inner walls of the circular curved surfaces with smaller sizes and different inner diameters by laser, namely the device can be suitable for laser impact processing of the inner wall of the circular metal material with any inner diameter.
2. The method for coinciding the focus of the divergent lens with the circle center of the circular arc of the roller bearing raceway section enables microscopic light rays to coincide with the normal line of a processing point area, enables light spots to irradiate on a metal circular arc curved surface with uniform power density, and compared with the traditional processing method, the method realizes uniform processing in the true sense, enables the processed metal surface to be uniformly strengthened, and solves the problem of unsatisfactory processing effect caused by non-uniform intensity when the inner wall curved surface is processed by laser in the prior art.
3. The method for shooting the light spot of the processing area by the camera can monitor whether the size and the position area of the light spot irradiated on the workpiece are optimal or not in real time, and control the position of a manipulator of the clamp area and the power of the laser to obtain the optimal laser impact parameters.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for laser machining the outer raceway of a ball bearing.
In the figure: 1. the laser device comprises a laser device, 2 signal lines, 3 laser beams, 4 spot shaping devices, 5 controllers, 6 converging lenses, 7 beam adjusting units, 8 diverging lenses A, 9 mechanical arms A, 10 cameras, 11 lenses, 12 bearing upper ends, 13 clamps, 14 mechanical arms B, 15.45-degree total reflection mirrors, 16 diverging lenses B, 17 spot left side positions, 18 spot right side positions and 19 bearing bottoms.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Examples
The device for carrying out laser shock treatment on the inner wall of the outer raceway of the deep groove ball bearing with the new domestic model number of 16010 is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following components: the laser device comprises a laser 1, a signal line 2, a controller 5, a light spot adjusting unit 7, a manipulator A9, a camera 10, a lens 11, a clamp 13, a manipulator B14 and a 45-degree total reflection mirror 15, wherein the light spot adjusting unit 7 comprises a light spot shaping device 4, a converging lens 6, a diverging lens A8 and a diverging lens B16; the 45-degree full-reflection mirror 15 is located at the center of a bearing and placed at 45 degrees with the plane of the clamp 13, the camera 10 is located above the side of the bearing, the lens 11 is right opposite to the laser spot irradiation position, the left side position 17 and the right side position 18 of the laser spot can be observed, the camera 10 is connected with the manipulator A9, the divergent lens B16 is located between the 45-degree full-reflection mirror 15 and the bottom 19 of the bearing, the bearing is installed on the clamp 19, and the clamp 13 is vertically placed and connected with the manipulator B14.
The facula adjusting unit comprises a facula shaping device 4, a convergent lens 6, a divergent lens A8 and a divergent lens B15; the spot shaping device 4, the convergent lens 6 and the divergent lens A8 are sequentially arranged from left to right, the 45-degree full-reflecting mirror 15 is positioned in the center of a bearing, the divergent lens B16 is horizontally arranged and is vertical to the axis of the bearing, the upper end 12 of the bearing and the bottom 19 of the bearing are arranged on a clamp 13, a manipulator B14 is connected with the controller 5 through a signal line 2, and the position of the manipulator B14 can be adjusted to adjust the ranges of the left position 17 and the right position 18 of the laser spot; the controller 5 controls the manipulator A9 to change the position of the camera 10 through the signal line so that the camera lens 11 can always observe the full view of the laser spot.
The upper focal length of the diverging lens B16 coincides with the center of the curvature of the raceway surface at the lower part 19 of the bearing. The real-time monitoring of the lens 11 can adjust the laser 1 and the manipulator B14 to optimize the power density and size of the spot left position 17 and the spot right position 18 at the bearing bottom 19.
The specific working process of the device is as follows:
the first step is as follows: the upper end 12 of the bearing and the bottom 19 of the bearing are fixed on a clamp 13, the clamp 13 is connected with a manipulator B14, the center of the bearing is ensured to be coincided with the center of a laser beam 3 emitted by a laser 1, and the manipulator B14 is moved according to the outer diameter of the bearing of 50mm, so that the upper focal length position of a divergent lens B16 is coincided with the center position of the curvature of the raceway surface of the bottom 19 of the bearing.
The second step is that: the camera 10 monitors and calculates the size of a light spot, the left position 17 of the laser light spot and the right position 18 of the laser light spot in real time, the obtained data are input to the controller 5 through the signal line 2, the controller 5 judges whether the manipulator B14 is adjusted correctly according to the obtained left position 17 of the laser light spot and the obtained right position 18 of the laser light spot, and the controller 5 controls the laser 1 to output light spot parameters which enable the manipulator B14 to meet the requirement of impact processing; the camera 10 is fixed on a manipulator A9 and is used for changing the position of the lens 11 so that the left position 17 and the right position 18 of the laser spot can be monitored; the center of the light spot adjusting unit 7 is superposed with the center of the light beam 3 emitted by the laser 1; the center of the 45-degree total reflection mirror 15 is coincided with the center of the bearing; the focal length of the converging lens 6 is larger than that of the diverging lens A8, and the converging lens cooperates to output the light beam 3 with a uniform cross-sectional area.
The third step: the controller 5 controls the laser 1 and the manipulator B14 to cooperate through real-time observation data of the lens 11, so that the clamp on the manipulator B14 drives the bearing to make circular motion around the starting axis, and the area at the bottom 19 of the bearing is changed to complete 360-degree machining of a local area.
The fourth step: the controller 5 controls the laser 1 and the manipulator B13 to operate in cooperation with a clamp on the manipulator B13 to drive the bearing to do circular motion around the curvature circle center of the raceway surface of the bearing bottom 19 through real-time observation data of the lens 11, and the 360-degree machining of the whole raceway region is completed in cooperation with the third step;
the fifth step: after the laser impact work of the whole raceway area is completed, the laser 1 stops working, the camera 10 stops working and leaves the observation area along with the manipulator A9, and the manipulator B13 drives the bearing to leave the machining area and take down the bearing.
Claims (3)
1. The device comprises a laser, a signal line, a controller, a light spot adjusting unit, a mechanical arm A, a camera, a lens, a clamp, a mechanical arm B and a 45-degree total reflection mirror, wherein the light spot adjusting unit comprises a light spot shaping device, a convergent lens, a divergent lens A and a divergent lens B; laser beams emitted by a laser device are irradiated on the surface of a raceway at the bottom of the bearing through a light spot shaping device, a converging lens, a diverging lens A, a 45-degree total reflection mirror and a diverging lens B; the 45-degree total-reflection mirror is simultaneously positioned in the center of the bearing and is placed at an angle of 45 degrees with the plane of the clamp, the camera is positioned in the upper space of the side of the bearing, the lens is opposite to the irradiation position of the laser spot, the left position and the right position of the laser spot can be observed, the camera is connected with the mechanical arm A, the divergent lens B is positioned between the 45-degree total-reflection mirror and the bottom of the bearing and is horizontally placed and vertical to the axis of the bearing; the bearing is arranged on the clamp, and the clamp is vertically arranged and connected with the manipulator B; the upper end of the bearing and the bottom of the bearing are arranged on the clamp, the manipulator B is connected with the controller through a signal line, and the position of the manipulator B can be adjusted to adjust the ranges of the left position and the right position of the laser spot; the controller passes through signal line control manipulator A and can change the position that the camera made the camera lens can observe laser facula general appearance all the time, its characterized in that, concrete step is as follows:
the first step is as follows: the upper end of the bearing and the bottom of the bearing are fixed on a clamp, the clamp is connected with a manipulator B, the center of the bearing is ensured to be superposed with the center of a laser beam emitted by a laser, and then the manipulator B is moved to ensure that the focal length position above the divergent lens B is superposed with the curvature circle center position of the raceway surface at the bottom of the bearing;
the second step is that: the camera monitors and calculates the size of a light spot, the left position of the laser light spot and the right position of the laser light spot in real time, the obtained data is input into the controller through a signal line, the controller judges whether the manipulator B is correctly adjusted according to the obtained left position and right position of the laser light spot, and the controller controls the output of the laser to enable the manipulator B to meet the light spot parameters of impact processing; the camera is fixed on the manipulator A and used for changing the position of the lens so that the camera can monitor the left position and the right position of the laser spot; the center of the light spot adjusting unit is superposed with the center of a light beam emitted by the laser; the center of the 45-degree total reflection mirror is coincided with the center of the bearing; the focal length of the convergent lens is larger than that of the divergent lens A, and the convergent lens is matched with the light beam with uniform output section area;
the third step: the controller controls the laser and the mechanical arm B to operate in a matched mode through real-time observation data of the lens, so that the clamp on the mechanical arm B drives the bearing to do circular motion around the axis, and the area at the bottom of the bearing is changed to finish 360-degree machining of a local area;
the fourth step: the controller controls the laser and the manipulator B to operate in a matched manner through real-time observation data of the lens, and the clamp on the manipulator B drives the bearing to do circular motion around the curvature circle center of the raceway surface at the bottom of the bearing, and the controller is matched with the third step to complete 360-degree machining of the whole raceway area;
the fifth step: after laser impact work of the whole raceway area is completed, the laser stops working, the camera stops working and leaves the observation area along with the manipulator A, and the manipulator B drives the bearing to leave the machining area and takes down the bearing.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: and the upper focal length position of the divergent lens B is superposed with the center of the curvature circle of the raceway surface at the bottom of the bearing.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and the light spot shaping device is connected with the controller through a signal wire.
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| CN201810238428.8A CN108559835B (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-03-22 | Device and method for laser processing of outer raceway of ball bearing |
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| CN201810238428.8A CN108559835B (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-03-22 | Device and method for laser processing of outer raceway of ball bearing |
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| CN108559835B true CN108559835B (en) | 2020-02-21 |
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| CN110093494A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-08-06 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of laser shock peening method and its device of bearing inner race |
| CN111235381A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-06-05 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Hole wall strengthening damage prevention method and device |
| CN111485094A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-04 | 江苏大学 | Device and method for strengthening inner wall and outer wall of metal pipe through laser shock |
| CN114686678B (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2024-01-05 | 江苏大学 | Laser impact combined strengthening device and method for gear |
| CN114959248A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-08-30 | 沈阳工业大学 | Method for laser shock peening of bearing ring raceway surface |
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| KR100220674B1 (en) * | 1994-01-18 | 1999-09-15 | 전주범 | Projection type image display apparatus |
| CN100571960C (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2009-12-23 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Laser processing and laser processing device |
| US7352789B2 (en) * | 2006-01-12 | 2008-04-01 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Laser light irradiation apparatus and laser light irradiation method |
| KR100777649B1 (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2007-11-21 | 주식회사 쿠키혼 | Laser apparatus for forming pattern on inside of workpiece |
| JP6121733B2 (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2017-04-26 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | Laser processing apparatus and laser processing method |
| CN105158913B (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2019-06-21 | 深圳光峰科技股份有限公司 | Laser light source, wavelength convert light source, light combination light source and optical projection system |
| CN103639590B (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2016-04-06 | 江苏大学 | A kind of thin metal blank radius of curvature method of adjustment based on hollow beam laser-impact and device |
| CN106271118B (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-10-30 | 常州英诺激光科技有限公司 | A kind of device and method improving multiple aperture micropore laser processing quality |
| CN106755756B (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2019-01-29 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | A kind of laser-quenching apparatus and method of the bearing surface without the soft band of tempering |
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