CN110144583B - A fast and efficient semiconductor laser cladding device with wide beam and adjustable powder feeding angle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser surface modification, and discloses a wide-beam and adjustable-powder-feeding-angle rapid and efficient semiconductor laser cladding device which comprises a semiconductor laser (1), a beam shaping and Fresnel focusing system (2), an adjustable-wide-band powder feeding head (3), a powder feeder (6), a high-speed machine tool (5), a six-axis linkage robot (4) and a central control system (9), wherein the beam shaping and Fresnel focusing system (2) is used for shaping and focusing laser into wide-band laser; the adjustable wide-light-band powder feeding head (3) is used for feeding powder and wide-light-band laser to the surface of a large shaft type workpiece to be processed; the diameter of the workpiece is more than 1000mm, and the length of the workpiece is not less than 10 m. By improving the structure and the arrangement mode of the key components, the invention can strengthen the outer surface and repair the surface of large-scale shaft-type workpieces such as petroleum pipelines, marine equipment, natural gas transmission, mining, tunneling and the like, strengthen the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface and greatly improve the service life of the large-scale shaft-type workpieces.

Description

A fast and efficient semiconductor laser cladding device with wide beam and adjustable powder feeding angle

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser surface modification of high-efficiency and high-power semiconductor lasers, and more particularly relates to a fast and high-efficiency semiconductor laser cladding device with wide beam and adjustable powder feeding angle, in particular to a super-large shaft workpiece surface semiconductor laser surface treatment.

Background technique

The super-large hydraulic cylinder piston rod structure is widely used in various industrial fields such as oil pipelines, marine equipment, natural gas transmission, mining, and tunneling. Since the working environment of machinery is often in direct contact with sand and corrosive solutions, the corrosion and wear resistance of the outer surface of large rod-shaped workpieces such as piston rods has extremely high requirements. Because once the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of such components fail, the damage of the components is likely to affect the function of the entire equipment, and the traditional repair techniques for such components take a long time, resulting in damage caused by repairing such components. Production shutdowns can also lead to huge economic losses.

At present, the surface treatment technologies for the outer surface of large piston rods are mainly as follows:

Hard chrome plating technology: The hard chrome plating technology is to immerse the workpiece in an acidic electrochemical bath at 50 to 65 degrees Celsius, and free chromium ions are precipitated in the electrolyte and attached to the surface of the workpiece. However, since the coating is not metallurgically bonded to the workpiece surface, the coating tends to peel off. At the same time, in order to obtain a sufficiently thick protective layer of 100-300 microns, the workpiece often needs to be electroplated for many times. This process will consume a lot of energy and will also produce toxic carcinogenic waste liquid. Therefore, in recent years, relevant laws and regulations have been issued at home and abroad to restrict the implementation of electroplating chrome technology.

Thermal spraying technology: Thermal spraying uses high temperature fuel to melt and accelerate the coating material in the combustion chamber to a speed of 600 to 1000 meters per second, and then spray it onto the surface of the workpiece to be coated. However, the obvious disadvantage of this technology is that the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate is weak, and the porosity of the coating is relatively large, resulting in a short service life of the coating. Moreover, the coating process consumes a lot of materials and gases, and the utilization rate of coating materials is not high.

Conventional laser cladding technology: Laser cladding technology uses high-energy laser technology to irradiate the coating material and the substrate, and the two melt, forming a close metallurgical bond between the coating material and the substrate, with a small heat-affected zone and small deformation of the workpiece. The layer grains are small and the structure is dense, and the process is often not limited by the coating material. Therefore, laser cladding technology is often used to produce high-quality and firm-cut coatings, which is very suitable for workpiece repair work of large steel pipes in harsh production environments such as offshore platforms and oil mines. However, the conventional laser cladding technology has a low laser scanning speed, increasing the laser power will lead to large regional heat input, and the internal thermal stress of the cladding layer will cause microscopic cracks in the cladding layer, which will affect the coating quality.

Small spot high-speed laser cladding: Small spot high-speed laser cladding technology is based on conventional laser cladding technology, through appropriate control means, most of the powder absorbs laser energy in the process of spatial flow to reach the melting point of the material, thereby reducing the melt pool. Medium powder melting time, thus increasing the cladding speed. However, because the small spot high-speed laser cladding uses a small circular spot with a diameter of Φ1mm to 2mm, although the cladding line speed is very high, the cladding area per unit time is not much improved. At the same time, the spot energy distribution used in high-speed laser cladding with small spots usually satisfies the Gaussian distribution, which is characterized by the fact that the spot energy is high in a small range in the center, and the energy drops rapidly away from the center. Due to the uneven energy distribution of the spot, a large amount of powder will appear. The problem that particles cannot fully absorb light energy. At the same time, driving a large shaft-shaped workpiece for high-speed rotation is a heavy burden on the lathe and is extremely dangerous. Therefore, the current ultra-high-speed laser cladding is only suitable for the processing of small and medium-sized workpieces below Φ1000mm, and the surface treatment of super-long large steel pipes with a diameter greater than 1000mm (such as Φ2000mm) and a length of not less than 10m is extremely difficult.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fast and efficient semiconductor laser cladding device with wide beam and adjustable powder feeding angle. The working mode of mutual cooperation between the two can be improved, and the outer surface strengthening and surface repair can be carried out for large shaft-shaped workpieces such as oil pipelines, marine equipment, natural gas transmission, mining, tunneling, etc. 2000mm), and the length is not less than 10m, the high-power, high-speed, high-efficiency broadband semiconductor laser high-efficiency cladding technology enhances the surface wear and corrosion resistance of the selected workpiece, and greatly improves its service life. Moreover, different from the conventional high-speed laser cladding with small spot, the present invention can further optimize the energy-homogenized wide-spot semiconductor laser and the wide-band powder feeding head with adjustable powder feeding angle. For metal powder materials, the corresponding modulation parameters can uniformly heat and melt the powder spots to meet the requirements of high-speed and high-efficiency cladding. The powder utilization rate is high, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 0.2mm ~ 0.5mm. processing, with the ability to replace industrial chrome plating technology.

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a fast and efficient semiconductor laser cladding device with wide beam and adjustable powder feeding angle is provided, which is characterized in that it includes a high-power semiconductor laser (1) with a power of not less than 3KW, a beam Shaping and Fresnel focusing system (2), wide light belt powder feeding head with adjustable powder feeding angle and powder feeding width of at least 15mm (3), powder feeder (6), rotating speed between 1 rpm and 60 rpm A continuously adjustable high-speed machine tool (5), a six-axis linkage robot (4) and a central control system (9) per minute, wherein,

The high-power semiconductor laser (1) is used for a high-power laser with an output power of not less than 3KW, and the laser is output to the adjustable wide band for powder feeding after passing through the beam shaping and Fresnel focusing system (2). head (3), the beam shaping and Fresnel focusing system (2) is used to shape and focus the laser into a wide-band laser with a spot width of at least 15mm; the adjustable wide-band powder feeding head (3) ) is connected with the powder feeder (6), and is used to simultaneously deliver powder and the wide-band laser to the surface of the large-scale shaft-shaped workpiece to be treated by laser cladding; the high-speed machine tool (5) is used to carry the A large shaft-shaped workpiece to be treated by laser cladding on the surface, and used to drive the large-sized shaft-shaped workpiece to rotate at a speed of not less than 1 rpm; the central control system (9) is connected to the high-speed machine tool (5) , which is used to control the rotational speed at which the high-speed machine tool (5) drives the large shaft-shaped workpiece to rotate;

The central control system (9) is also connected to the six-axis linked robot (4), and is used to control the six-axis linked robot (4) to drive the high-power semiconductor laser (1), the beam shaping and the The Fresnel focusing system (2) and the adjustable wide-band powder feeding head (3) move as a whole, so that the wide-band laser and the powder conveyed move in the direction of the central axis of the large shaft-shaped workpiece. The rotation of the large-scale shaft-shaped workpiece can realize that the powder is melted into droplets under the action of the wide-band laser, and finally falls on the surface of the large-scale shaft-shaped workpiece successively in the form of a spiral as a whole, so as to realize the realization of the large-scale shaft-shaped workpiece surface. laser cladding treatment;

In addition, the diameter of the large shaft-shaped workpiece to be treated by laser cladding is greater than 1000 mm in diameter and not less than 10 m in length.

As a further preference of the present invention, the beam shaping and Fresnel focusing system (2) comprises a Fresnel lens (13) and a cylindrical lens (14), wherein the collimation of the output of the high-power semiconductor laser (1) The light beam first passes through the Fresnel lens (13) to divide and rearrange the light beam in the fast axis direction, so that the energy of the light spot is evenly distributed in the fast axis direction, and is focused to a preset width a with a width of not less than 15mm, and then The slow-axis beam is focused through the cylindrical lens (14), thereby outputting a wide-band laser with a rectangular light cross-section size of b×a and a uniform beam energy distribution, where b is a preset length, and b ≤a; and, the width direction of the light spot of the wide-band laser is parallel to the spindle direction of the high-speed machine tool (5), and the length direction is perpendicular to the spindle direction of the high-speed machine tool (5);

Preferably, the preset width a is 15mm, and the preset length b is 2mm.

As a further preference of the present invention, the six-axis linkage robot (4) is used to control the beam shaping and Fresnel focusing system (2), so that the shaped laser is focused on the surface of the large shaft-shaped workpiece.

As a further preference of the present invention, the integral movement of the high-power semiconductor laser (1), the beam shaping and Fresnel focusing system (2) and the adjustable-width optical belt powder feeding head (3) is specifically along the The spindle direction of the high-speed machine tool (5) performs synchronous movement with a translation distance of a/3˜a per rotation of the large-scale shaft workpiece.

As a further preference of the present invention, the adjustable wide light belt powder feeding head (3) comprises a multi-channel synchronous powder feeding tube (11) and two fan-shaped wide light belt powder feeding hoppers (21). The powder tube (11) is located outside the width and side of the outgoing laser, and is symmetrically arranged with the outgoing laser as the center. The laser is symmetrically arranged in the center, and the multi-channel synchronous powder feeding tube (11) is used for conveying powder to the two fan-shaped wide-beam belt powder feeding hoppers (21), and the two fan-shaped wide-beam belt powder feeding hoppers (21) Its depression angle is controlled and adjustable by the rotating shaft system;

The adjustable width light belt powder feeding head (3) is connected with the central control system (9), and the central control system (9) is used to adjust the fan shape according to the powder density, the specific type of material and the particle size used. The rotating shaft system of the wide light belt powder feeding hopper (21), and then the depression angle of the fan-shaped wide light belt powder feeding hopper (21) is adjusted to control the height of the powder on both sides of the convergence, so as to control the action time of the powder and the laser, and then The solid powder particles can fully absorb the laser energy and melt into suspended droplets, which fall on the surface of the workpiece to form a cladding layer.

As a further preference of the present invention, the high-power semiconductor laser (1) is used for a high-power laser with an output power of 3KW-10KW.

As a further preference of the present invention, the high-power semiconductor laser (1) is also connected to a water cooling system (8).

As a further preference of the present invention, for any fan-shaped broadband powder feeding hopper (21), the depression angle is the ray from the center of rotation to the center of the broadband laser spot as one side, and the center of rotation to the center of the powder outlet. The ray is the corresponding angle formed by the other side, and the depression angle is adjustable between 5 degrees and 15 degrees.

Through the above technical solutions conceived in the present invention, compared with the prior art, for the surface treatment of large-scale shaft-shaped workpieces with enhanced semiconductor lasers, high-power semiconductor lasers, beam shaping and Fresnel focusing systems, and adjustable wide optical bands are used. The overall cooperation between the powder feeding head and the high-speed machine tool generates a wide-band laser, so that the powder is melted into droplets under the action of the wide-band laser, and finally falls into the large-scale to be processed in the form of a spiral as a whole. The surface of the shaft-shaped workpiece can realize the laser cladding treatment of the surface of the large-scale shaft-shaped workpiece. It is suitable for super-long large steel pipes with a diameter greater than 1000mm (especially a diameter greater than or equal to 2000mm) and a length of not less than 10m.

Specifically, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The single-pass cladding area of ultra-high-speed cladding is greatly increased, and the rotational burden on the machine tool is reduced. The present invention uses a semiconductor laser beam with a preset size of b×a (eg, 2mm×15mm) as the light source of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology, which makes up for the small spot beam (such as a circular spot with a diameter of 1mm) of the conventional high-speed laser cladding. ) The problem of low cladding rate per unit area when processing ultra-large shaft-shaped workpieces, while achieving the same cladding effect as ultra-high-speed laser cladding, greatly increases the width of the cladding layer of a single cladding, and appropriately reduces the line speed to Reducing the speed of the machine tool not only solves the key problem that large machine tools cannot drive large workpieces to rotate at high speed, greatly reduces the danger caused by the ultra-high-speed rotation of workpieces, but also ensures the high speed of the cladding process.

(2) Wide adaptability to different types of powders. In view of the problem of inconsistent particle size and different density of powder materials on the market, the powder spraying head with variable powder feeding angle is used for powder feeding, and different powder feeding angles are adjusted according to different weights of powder, so that the powder can be controlled in the beam. The flight time of the powder material is guaranteed to fully absorb the light energy and melt under the laser radiation, so as to achieve the necessary conditions for high-speed laser cladding.

(3) The uniform distribution and reasonable distribution of laser power are realized. The invention adopts the Fresnel focusing technology to divide and rearrange the beam, and outputs a rectangular beam with uniform distribution of beam energy. When the homogenized rectangular spot moves at a high speed, the laser energy absorbed per unit time and unit workpiece area is very limited, and the limited laser energy can only form a thin molten pool on the surface of the workpiece, so the thermal response area of the cladding process is small. The dissipation of laser energy into the workpiece is reduced. Moreover, due to the uniform distribution of laser energy, the molten pool and the thermal response area are also of uniform thickness, so that the heat of the molten pool diffuses into the workpiece evenly, reducing the influence of thermal stress on the cladding layer, and making the obtained cladding layer on the surface The probability of cracking with the boundary is lower, and the quality of the cladding layer is improved.

(4) The uniform powder feeding method is adopted, which greatly improves the utilization rate of powder. The multi-tube powder feeding head designed by the invention can make the powder evenly distributed under the wide band, and the powder particles in the powder spot can fully absorb the light energy and heat up to the melting point, so that the powder will be lost due to elastic collision when it reaches the surface of the workpiece. The probability is lower, the waste of powder is greatly avoided, and a cladding layer with uniform thickness can be obtained at the same time, which improves the utilization rate of powder, reduces the material cost of this technology, and reflects the high efficiency of the present invention.

Taking a rectangle with a light cross-section size of 2mm × 15mm as an example of a wide-band laser, high-speed mobile scanning uses the central control system to drive a six-axis linkage robot to make the spot focus on the surface of the workpiece, and control the speed of the lathe to achieve a laser scanning line speed of 5 ～50m/min, control the robot to move along the direction of the main shaft of the lathe to perform synchronous movement of 5～15mm/revolution, which can realize the laser spot to scan the workpiece surface along different thread lines.

During the process that the solid powder particles fully absorb the laser energy and melt into suspended droplets and fall on the surface of the workpiece to form a cladding layer, the main laser energy acts on the flying powder to melt it and fall into the molten pool in the form of a liquid. Therefore, it is not necessary to reduce the linear speed of the laser to input a large amount of laser energy for melting the powder into the molten pool, so that the linear speed of the laser scanning can be greatly increased. At the same time, because the system uses a wide beam of semiconductor laser with uniform energy distribution, the cladding area per unit time is larger, the powder spot can evenly absorb the laser energy, the thickness of the cladding layer is more uniform, and the powder utilization rate is higher.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of a wide beam adjustable powder feeding fast and efficient laser cladding device of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the beam shaping and Fresnel focusing system, where a is the optical path of the system in the slow axis direction, and b is the optical path of the system in the fast axis direction.

Figure 3 is a structural diagram of an adjustable-angle broadband powder feeding head, in which (a) corresponds to the direction of the fast axis of the light spot, and (b) corresponds to the direction of the slow axis of the light spot.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of adding a process end plate for cladding with a spiral belt.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of cladding in which an annular belt is first clad and then treated with a spiral belt.

The meanings of the reference symbols in the figure are as follows: 1 is a high-power semiconductor laser, 2 is a beam shaping and Fresnel focusing system, 3 is an adjustable angle wide light belt powder feeding head, 4 is a six-axis linkage robot, and 5 is a high-speed Machine tool, 6 is powder feeder, 7 is argon protective gas, 8 is water cooling system, 9 is central control system, 10 is shaft type workpiece, 11 is multi-channel synchronous powder feeding tube (such as 2*4), 12 is broadband Cladding layer, 13 is the Fresnel lens, 14 is the cylindrical lens, 15 is the focal plane of the system, 16 is the shielding gas inlet, 17 is the powder feeder depression angle adjustment knob, 18 is the powder feeding bucket depression angle adjustment range α, 19 is The driving spring for adjusting the depression angle of the powder feeding hopper, 20 is the rotating shaft of the powder feeding hopper, 21 is the powder feeding hopper (that is, the fan-shaped wide light belt powder feeding hopper), 22 is the positioning end plate of the powder feeding hopper, and 23 is the semiconductor laser spot-slow axis ( Width W=15mm), 24 is the starting end cladding process plate tube (width Wg≥W), 25 is the end cladding process end plate (terminating end), 26 is the workpiece rotation direction (clockwise ω=2π/T) , 27 is the moving direction of the light spot (v=W/T), 28 is the spot welding line (the contact line between the end plate and the workpiece), 29 is the pretreatment cladding ring (non-overlapping part), and 30 is the pretreatment cladding ring (with the Thread cladding overlap portion), 31 is the termination end pretreatment cladding ring.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

The purpose of the special device designed in the present invention is very clear, that is, to solve the laser surface treatment device and the technological problem of the surface modification efficiency of the super-large shaft-shaped workpiece, which can be applied to the surface of the large-scale shaft-shaped workpiece with a diameter greater than 1000mm and a length of not less than 10m. Laser cladding is performed.

The specific implementation is as follows:

1. As shown in Figure 1, place the processed shaft-shaped workpiece after the surface cleaning treatment on the high-speed machine tool 5, and adjust the axis of the workpiece to coincide with the main axis of the lathe. The central control system 9 is controlled to move the high-power semiconductor laser 1 mounted on the six-axis linkage robot 4 to the top of the workpiece. The central control system can adjust the robot arm so that the central optical axis of the cladding head is perpendicular to the central axis of the workpiece, and the output laser of the laser can be focused on the workpiece surface to form a 2*15mm spot after beam shaping and Fresnel focusing system 2. The long side of the 15mm spot is parallel to the central axis of the workpiece, and the short side of 2 mm is perpendicular to the central axis of the workpiece. When the lathe drives the workpiece to rotate, the laser scans along the 2mm short side direction of the spot (ie, the direction of the central axis of the workpiece).

2. Drive the workpiece to rotate and plan the laser scanning path. The cladding layer on the surface of the workpiece needs to be completed by the linkage of the machine tool and the robot. The machine tool can drive the workpiece to rotate at a high speed. At this time, the robot mounted with the laser moves along the central axis of the workpiece rotation from one end of the workpiece to the other end of the workpiece at a constant speed. Among them, the moving distance of the light spot does not exceed the maximum size of the light spot in this direction (ie, 15mm) for each rotation of the workpiece. Under the synergy of the two, the scanning path of the light spot on the workpiece surface is a uniform helix. The central control system 9 has a built-in linkage program of lathe rotation and spot translation. According to the processing requirements of the cladding layer, the appropriate rotation speed, translation speed and lap rate are selected, so that the laser can clad the entire workpiece surface. Among them, considering that the workpieces to be processed are often large shaft-shaped workpieces, the weight of the workpieces can reach several tons or even tens of tons, and considering the potential danger of such workpieces at high speeds, it is necessary to control the speed of the lathe to make the laser scanning speed 5 ~ 50m/ min (compared to conventional laser cladding, this speed is still high speed), and the spot translation speed is 5-15mm/rev.

3. Adjust the gathering position and feeding amount of powder. Uniform and adjustable angle powder feeding uses the central control system to open the powder feeding device, and feed powder to the adjustable angle wideband powder feeding head 3.

The performance of the cladding layer is the source of the anti-wear and anti-corrosion properties of the surface of the workpiece, so it is often necessary to use powders with different characteristics according to the working environment of the workpiece during processing. In the ultra-high-speed cladding technology, the time when the powder is irradiated by the laser beam is one of the important factors to determine whether the powder falls into the molten pool on the surface of the workpiece in the form of droplets. The melting points are not uniform, resulting in different flight times of different powder particles in the laser beam under the same conditions. In the present invention, the flight time of the powder in the laser beam is controlled by changing the converging position of the powder, thereby changing the flying distance of the powder falling into the molten pool. The central control system can have a built-in database, such as the built-in powder spray angle database that contains the requirements of different types of powder for cladding. Before processing, the adjustable amplitude angle α of the database needs to be controlled to control the position of the powder above the molten pool to achieve ultra-high-speed laser melting. A necessary condition for the coating, that is, the powder falls into the molten pool in liquid form. Because the thickness of the cladding layer obtained by the broadband fast and efficient laser cladding is thinner than that of the conventional laser cladding layer, but under the synergistic effect of the light spot with uniform energy distribution and the uniform powder feeding system, the cladding layer obtained by direct cladding The thickness is uniform enough to meet the protection requirements of the workpiece. At the same time, the cladding process benefits from the coordination of the uniform powder feeding system and the beam homogenization system, and the utilization rate of the powder can reach 90%. Therefore, the powder feeding amount should be adjusted to 15~60g/min as needed during the processing.

4. All-round laser processing to the operating conditions of the system.

(1) The central control system can coordinately control the laser output power, spot movement, lathe rotation, and powder feeding switch. When carrying out all-round laser processing, each moving part must be activated according to the required switching sequence, that is, the control interface should be opened in turn in the order of machine tool rotation, powder feeding switch, spot movement, and laser output. When the processing is completed, it is also necessary to shut down the processing system in the order of laser, spot movement, powder feeding switch, and machine tool rotation.

(2) Before starting processing, the protective gas must be turned on and blown for 2 to 3 minutes. Using the inert gas argon as the protective gas can form a stable inert gas atmosphere above the molten pool to prevent the high temperature powder particles from contacting the surface of the substrate to be oxidized by the air. At the same time, keeping the air blowing for 2 to 3 minutes before processing can fill the powder feeding head with argon gas, so as to avoid powder particles flying into the powder feeding head and contacting the beam shaping and homogenizing system during the processing.

(3) Before starting the machining of the shaft-type workpiece and after finishing the machining, the starting end and the ending end of the workpiece need to be processed separately.

5. The partition processing method of the start end and the end end.

Since this invention uses a 15mm wide-band laser light source to clad the shaft-shaped workpiece in the form of a thread track, there are unclad areas at the beginning and end of the workpiece. Partition processing is adopted for this, so that the workpiece can be processed in all directions. The main processing strategies are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.

(1) By adding a cladding process plate tube at both ends. As shown in Figure 4, the annular process end plate with the same radius as the workpiece is installed on both ends of the workpiece by spot welding, and the central axis of the end plate and the central axis of the workpiece are collinear, one end of the end plate is in close contact with the workpiece, and the distance between the two is Less than 0.5mm, the width of the end plate Wg≥W (width of the light spot). The workpiece rotates at high speed clockwise around the central spindle under the drive of the machine tool, and the light spot is translated along the direction of the central axis of the workpiece. coordinated movement under the system. At the beginning of processing, make sure that the light spot is only irradiated on the process plate tube at the starting end and not on the workpiece. At this time, turn on the system to make the light spot perform a helical scan on the workpiece until the light spot moves to the end process plate tube and completely leaves the workpiece and then stops, and then turn on the system. Cut off the craft plate tube at both ends. At this time, the surface of the workpiece will be fully laser clad, that is, there will be no unclad areas.

(2) By performing annular cladding pretreatment on both ends of the workpiece. As shown in Figure 5, when starting the thread scanning, first move the light spot to the starting end of the workpiece, adjust the light spot so that the light spot is irradiated on the surface of the workpiece and the short side of the light spot is about 1mm beyond the end of the workpiece, set the moving speed of the light spot to zero, and turn on the machine tool. After one rotation, the laser clads a uniform annular cladding ring on the end of the workpiece, and the width Wp of the cladding ring is slightly smaller than the width of the light spot. Next, move the light spot to the end of the workpiece, and use the same operation to clad a uniform annular cladding ring. Finally, move the light spot to the starting end of the workpiece, and ensure that the distance x from the left side of the light spot to the starting end of the workpiece is less than the width Wp of the cladding ring, turn on the central control system to make the light spot perform thread scanning, when the distance x from the left side of the light spot to the end of the workpiece is less than The scanning is stopped when the width of the cladding ring is Wp, and the workpiece surface is fully laser clad at this time.

The above embodiment only takes the wide-band laser as 2*15mm as an example (where 15mm is the width of the light spot, and 2mm is the length of the light spot). The width value preset by the optical band laser, the length value is similar, and it can also be adjusted flexibly, as long as the width value is not exceeded.

The components such as the six-axis linkage robot and the central control system used in the present invention can all directly refer to the related prior art; the related control method can also be set with reference to the prior art.

Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, etc., All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a fast and efficient semiconductor laser cladding device with a wide beam, adjustable powder feeding angle, is characterized in that, comprises the high-power semiconductor laser (1) of power not less than 3KW, beam shaping and Fresnel focusing system (2) ), a wide light belt powder feeding head (3) with adjustable powder feeding angle and a powder feeding width of at least 15mm, a powder feeder (6), a high-speed machine tool ( 5), a six-axis linkage robot (4) and a central control system (9), wherein, The high-power semiconductor laser (1) is used for a high-power laser with an output power of not less than 3KW, and the laser is output to the adjustable wide band for powder feeding after passing through the beam shaping and Fresnel focusing system (2). head (3), the beam shaping and Fresnel focusing system (2) is used to shape and focus the laser into a wide-band laser with a spot width of at least 15mm; the adjustable wide-band powder feeding head (3) ) is connected with the powder feeder (6), and is used to simultaneously deliver powder and the wide-band laser to the surface of the large-scale shaft-shaped workpiece to be treated by laser cladding; the high-speed machine tool (5) is used to carry the A large shaft-shaped workpiece to be treated by laser cladding on the surface, and used to drive the large-sized shaft-shaped workpiece to rotate at a speed of not less than 1 rpm; the central control system (9) is connected to the high-speed machine tool (5) , which is used to control the rotational speed at which the high-speed machine tool (5) drives the large shaft-shaped workpiece to rotate; The central control system (9) is also connected to the six-axis linked robot (4), and is used to control the six-axis linked robot (4) to drive the high-power semiconductor laser (1), the beam shaping and the The Fresnel focusing system (2) and the adjustable wide-band powder feeding head (3) move as a whole, so that the wide-band laser and the powder conveyed move in the direction of the central axis of the large shaft-shaped workpiece. The rotation of the large-scale shaft-shaped workpiece can realize that the powder is melted into droplets under the action of the wide-band laser, and finally falls on the surface of the large-scale shaft-shaped workpiece successively in the form of a spiral as a whole, so as to realize the realization of the large-scale shaft-shaped workpiece surface. laser cladding treatment; In addition, the diameter of the large shaft-shaped workpiece to be treated by laser cladding is greater than 1000mm and the length is not less than 10m; The beam shaping and Fresnel focusing system (2) includes a Fresnel lens (13) and a cylindrical lens (14), wherein the collimated beam output by the high-power semiconductor laser (1) first passes through the Fresnel The lens (13) splits and rearranges the light beam in the direction of the fast axis, so that the energy of the light spot is evenly distributed in the direction of the fast axis, and is focused to a preset width a with a width of not less than 15 mm, and then passes through the cylindrical lens (14). ) to focus the slow-axis beam to output a wide-band laser with a rectangular light cross-section size of b×a and a uniform beam energy distribution, where b is a preset length, and b≤a; and, the width The width direction of the light spot of the light band laser is parallel to the main axis direction of the high-speed machine tool (5), and the length direction is perpendicular to the main axis direction of the high-speed machine tool (5); The adjustable wide light belt powder feeding head (3) comprises a multi-channel synchronous powder feeding tube (11) and two fan-shaped wide light belt powder feeding hoppers (21). The two fan-shaped wide light belt powder feeding hoppers (21) are also located outside the width and side of the outgoing laser, and are symmetrically arranged with the outgoing laser as the center. The multi-channel synchronous powder feeding tube (11) is used for feeding powder to the two fan-shaped wide light belt powder feeding hoppers (21), and the depression angles of the two fan-shaped wide light belt powder feeding hoppers (21) are controlled by the rotating shaft system adjustable; The adjustable width light belt powder feeding head (3) is connected with the central control system (9), and the central control system (9) is used to adjust the fan shape according to the powder density, the specific type of material and the particle size used. The rotating shaft system of the wide light belt powder feeding hopper (21), and then the depression angle of the fan-shaped wide light belt powder feeding hopper (21) is adjusted to control the height of the powder on both sides of the convergence, so as to control the action time of the powder and the laser, and then The solid powder particles can fully absorb the laser energy and melt into suspended droplets, which fall on the surface of the workpiece to form a cladding layer. 2 . The fast and efficient semiconductor laser cladding device with wide beam and adjustable powder feeding angle according to claim 1 , wherein the preset width a is 15mm, and the preset length b is 2mm. 3 . 3. The fast and efficient semiconductor laser cladding device with wide beam and adjustable powder feeding angle according to claim 1, wherein the six-axis linkage robot (4) is used to control the beam shaping and Fresnel focusing The system (2) makes the shaped laser focus on the surface of the large shaft-shaped workpiece. 4. The fast and efficient semiconductor laser cladding device with wide beam and adjustable powder feeding angle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-power semiconductor laser (1), the beam shaping and the Fresnel focusing system ( 2) The integral movement of the adjustable-width optical belt powder feeding head (3) is specifically carried out along the main axis direction of the high-speed machine tool (5), and the translation distance for each rotation of the large-scale shaft workpiece is a/3～a synchronous movement. 5. The fast and efficient semiconductor laser cladding device with wide beam and adjustable powder feeding angle according to claim 1, wherein the high-power semiconductor laser (1) is used for high-power laser with an output power of 3KW～10KW . 6 . The fast and efficient semiconductor laser cladding device with wide beam and adjustable powder feeding angle according to claim 1 , wherein the high-power semiconductor laser ( 1 ) is also connected with a water cooling system ( 8 ). 7 . 7. The fast and efficient semiconductor laser cladding device with wide beam and adjustable powder feeding angle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, for any fan-shaped wide light belt powder feeding hopper (21), its depression angle is the center of its rotation The ray to the center of the wide-band laser spot is one side, and the ray from the rotation center to the center of the powder outlet is the angle correspondingly formed on the other side, and the depression angle is adjustable from 5 degrees to 15 degrees.

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