CN114686678B - Laser impact combined strengthening device and method for gear - Google Patents
Laser impact combined strengthening device and method for gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN114686678B CN114686678B CN202210433361.XA CN202210433361A CN114686678B CN 114686678 B CN114686678 B CN 114686678B CN 202210433361 A CN202210433361 A CN 202210433361A CN 114686678 B CN114686678 B CN 114686678B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title abstract description 26
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of surface engineering and laser processing, in particular to a laser impact combined strengthening device and method for gears. Aiming at the special structure of the gear, the infrared light ray emission and acquisition device is used for obtaining the profile data of the gear in the rotation process of the gear reinforcement, judging the position of the gear by comparing the profile with the radiuses of the gear tooth circle, the pitch circle and the reference circle, and classifying the position to be reinforced as follows: tooth top, tooth surface, tooth bottom. And then feeding the laser beam back to a control system of the laser impact device, and selecting different laser incidence angles and process parameters to strengthen different areas of the gear by the control system according to feedback signals. The method effectively solves the problem that the tooth surface is not easy to be directly reinforced due to the special structure of the tooth surface, improves the fatigue life of the tooth top part of the gear, effectively solves the problem that the tooth surface is easy to generate abrasive particle abrasion failure, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surface engineering and laser processing, in particular to a laser impact combination strengthening device and method for gears, which can effectively prolong the service life of gears in practical industrial application.
Background
The laser shock strengthening (laser shock peening, LSP) is a new type of surface strengthening technology, mainly using short pulse (several tens nanoseconds) and high peak power density>10 9 W/cm 2 ) The laser irradiation of (2) is carried out on the metal surface, the laser beam is absorbed by the absorption layer after passing through the constraint layer, the absorption layer is used for obtaining energy to form explosive gasification and evaporation, high-temperature and high-pressure plasma is generated, the plasma forms high-pressure shock waves to spread into the material due to the constraint of the outer constraint layer, the plastic deformation is carried out on the surface layer of the material by utilizing the force effect of the shock waves, so that the microstructure of the surface layer material is changed, meanwhile, residual compressive stress is generated in the impact area, and the strength, hardness, wear resistance and stress corrosion resistance of the material are improved. With the development of laser technology, laser shock peening technology has been widely used in the fields of mechanical manufacturing industry, aviation industry, automobile industry, ship industry, nuclear industry, medical industry, bioengineering, electrical appliances, and semiconductor industry. The research content relates to the spalling research and the surface decontamination of cultural relicsCleaning, simulating high-speed impact, nondestructive testing, engineering material modification and the like.
Patent CN105936974B proposes a laser shock peening method for small tooth pitch gear surfaces, which mainly adopts PVC organosol, acrylic synthetic resin and organic solvent to fill gears, so that the gears form cylinders, and then performs shock peening in a mode of overlapping the filled cylinders in a large area, thereby strengthening the gear surfaces. Patent CN108441624a proposes a laser impact process for improving gas carburizing efficiency of a wind power gear, which mainly adopts a combination of carburizing treatment and laser impact strengthening to strengthen the wind power gear. However, the above impact strengthening process for gears is low in flexibility, complex in process steps, low in strengthening efficiency, and does not involve an impact strengthening device for gears.
According to the shape characteristics of the gear, the method carries out targeted strengthening on the tooth top, the tooth root and the tooth surface of the gear by adopting a zoned laser shock peening method, designs a shock peening device aiming at the gear, effectively solves the problem that the tooth surface is difficult to be directly strengthened due to special structure, improves the fatigue life of the tooth top and the tooth bottom of the gear, improves the strengthening efficiency, effectively solves the problem that the tooth surface is easy to wear and lose efficacy of abrasive particles, and has wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a laser impact partition combined strengthening device and method for gears, which can effectively improve the overall strengthening efficiency of the gears and prolong the service life of the gears aiming at different service conditions in the service process.
The device mainly comprises:
the device comprises a gear clamp, an infrared signal emitter, a control system, a control manipulator, a laser emitter, an impact laser head and an infrared signal receiver; the infrared signal emitter and the infrared signal receiver are positioned on the same horizontal line, the horizontal line is vertical to the end face of the gear to be processed, and the infrared signal emitter and the infrared signal receiver are respectively arranged on two sides of the gear. The impact laser head is connected with the control manipulator and is positioned right above the gear to be reinforced. The control system is connected with the infrared signal emitter, the infrared signal receiver, the control manipulator and the gear clamp respectively, the laser emission is connected with the impact laser head, and the gear clamp is clamped on the gear to be processed.
The method for strengthening the gear by adopting the device for laser shock assembly comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Respectively measuring the radii of the top circle, the dividing circle and the bottom circle of the gear to be machined, placing the gear to be machined on a gear clamp, enabling the gear to vertically upwards, enabling an infrared signal transmitter to emit three infrared light beams, and adjusting the distance between the three infrared light beams and the center of the gear, wherein the distance D between the focusing point of the first infrared light beam and the center of the gear 1 ＝R Tooth top Distance D of second infrared ray focusing point from center of gear 2 ＝R Indexing Distance D from focusing point of third infrared ray to center of gear 3 ＝R Tooth bottom The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The infrared signal receiver is positioned at the other side of the gear and is used for receiving signals of three infrared rays, and if the infrared signal receiver does not receive any one of the three rays, the area is judged to be an addendum area; if the received signal is the first infrared light beam or the first infrared light beam and the second infrared light beam, judging the area as a tooth surface area; if the received signal is three infrared rays, the area is judged to be the tooth bottom area. And the infrared signal transmitter feeds the judgment result back to the control manipulator through the control system.
(2) And the control manipulator adjusts a corresponding angle according to the feedback result of the receiving annunciator, and the laser sets corresponding laser technological parameters to strengthen the gear. If the tooth top or the tooth bottom area is judged, the laser keeps vertical downward parallel to the normal direction of the gear base circle; if the tooth surface area is judged, the angle of the control manipulator is adjusted so that the laser enters the tooth surface of the gear at an incident angle of gamma=360 degrees/Z with the vertical direction, wherein Z is the number of teeth of the gear. The laser shock peening process parameters are: the aluminum foil is adopted as an absorption layer, the thickness of the flowing water constraint layer is 1-2mm, the shape of a light spot is circular, the diameter of the light spot is 3mm, the pulse width is 20ns, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the pulse energy of a tooth bottom area is 4J. The pulse energy in the tooth tip region was 6J, and the pulse energy in the tooth surface region was 8J.
(3) The gear rotates by an angle gamma=360 DEG/Z under the drive of the gear clamp, the rotation is stopped and kept, the steps (1) and (2) are repeated, and after the impact is finished, the gear rotates by gamma=360 DEG/Z until the whole gear rotates by 360 deg. Thus, the strengthening of the whole gear is completed.
The gain effect of the invention:
(1) The invention has higher flexibility and does not need to reprocess the gear.
(2) The partition-oriented strengthening process can reduce the processing cost on the basis of meeting the strengthening effect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description briefly describes examples or drawings that are used as needed in the prior art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for the methods described herein.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of gear partitioning.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of laser incidence on a tooth surface.
Table 1 shows comparison of performance test data for the embodiments herein.
Wherein: 1. gear clamp, 2, infrared signal transmitter, 3, control system, 4, control manipulator, 5, laser transmitter, 6, strike the laser head, 7, infrared signal receiver, 8, wait to process the gear.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings and examples, which, however, should not be taken to limit the invention to the examples.
In this embodiment, a 304 stainless steel gear is adopted as an implementation object, the gear tooth number z=22, the gear reference circle radius is 16.5mm, the tooth top circle radius is 19mm, and the tooth bottom circle radius is 13mm.
A laser impact partition combined strengthening device and method for gears comprises the following specific steps:
(1) And respectively measuring the tooth top circle, the reference circle and the tooth bottom circle radius of the gear to be machined, wherein the measured gear reference circle radius is 16.5mm, the tooth top circle radius is 19mm, and the tooth bottom circle radius is 13mm. Placing a gear to be processed on a gear clamp, wherein the gear is vertically upwards, and an infrared signal emitter 2 emits three infrared rays, wherein the distance D1 of a focusing point of the infrared ray 1 from the center of the gear is equal to 19mm, the distance D2 of a focusing point of the infrared ray 2 from the center of the gear is equal to 16.5mm, and the distance D3 of a focusing point of the infrared ray 3 from the center of the gear is equal to 13mm; an infrared signal receiver 7 positioned at the other side of the gear receives signals of three infrared light rays, if the infrared signal transmitter 2 does not receive the three light rays, the area is judged to be an addendum area, and laser with the pulse energy of 6J is used for strengthening the area; if only the received signal is infrared light rays 1 or 1 and 2, judging the area as a tooth surface area, and strengthening the tooth surface area by using laser with 8J pulse energy; if the received signals are infrared light rays 1,2 and 3, the area is judged to be a tooth bottom area, and laser with pulse energy of 4J is used for strengthening the tooth bottom area. The infrared signal transmitter 2 feeds back the judgment result to the control manipulator 4.
(2) And the control manipulator adjusts a corresponding angle according to the feedback result of the receiving annunciator, and the laser sets corresponding laser technological parameters to strengthen the gear. If the tooth top or the tooth bottom area is judged, the laser keeps vertical downward parallel to the normal direction of the gear base circle; if the tooth surface area is judged, the angle of the control manipulator is adjusted so that the laser light enters the tooth surface of the gear at an angle of 16.4 degrees with respect to the vertical direction. Other technological parameters of laser shock peening are: the thickness of the flowing water constraint layer is 1-2mm, the shape of the light spot is circular, the diameter of the light spot is 3mm, the pulse width is 20ns, and the lap joint rate is 50%.
(3) The gear is driven by the gear clamp to rotate by 16.4 degrees, and the steps are repeated until the whole gear rotates by 360 degrees. Thus, the strengthening of the whole gear is completed.
(4) Wear experiments were performed on 304 stainless steel gears treated using the present method, and the experimental data was used as comparative group 1.
(5) The same wear test was performed on untreated 304 stainless steel gears of the same size, with experimental data as comparative group 2.
The abrasion resistance of the comparison group 1 and the comparison group 2 (table 1) can be known, the strengthening device and the strengthening method effectively solve the problem that the gears are not easy to strengthen due to special structures, and the service life of the gears is prolonged.
TABLE 1
Claims (2)
1. A method of laser shock peening for gears, implemented with an apparatus comprising: the device comprises a gear clamp, an infrared signal emitter, a control system, a control manipulator, a laser emitter, an impact laser head and an infrared signal receiver; the infrared signal emitter and the infrared signal receiver are positioned on the same horizontal line, the horizontal line is vertical to the end surface of the gear to be processed, and the infrared signal emitter and the infrared signal receiver are respectively arranged on two sides of the gear; the impact laser head is connected with the control manipulator and is positioned right above the gear to be reinforced; the control system is respectively connected with an infrared signal emitter, an infrared signal receiver, a control manipulator and a gear clamp, the laser emission is connected with an impact laser head, the gear clamp is clamped on a gear to be processed, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Respectively measuring the radii of the top circle, the dividing circle and the bottom circle of the gear to be machined, placing the gear to be machined on a gear clamp, enabling the gear to vertically upwards, enabling an infrared signal transmitter to emit three infrared light beams, and adjusting the distance between the three infrared light beams and the center of the gear, wherein the distance D between the focusing point of the first infrared light beam and the center of the gear 1 =R Tooth top Distance D of second infrared ray focusing point from center of gear 2 =R Indexing Distance D from focusing point of third infrared ray to center of gear 3 =R Tooth bottom The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The infrared signal receiver is positioned at the other side of the gear and is used for receiving signals of three infrared rays, and if the infrared signal receiver does not receive any one of the three rays, the area is judged to be an addendum area; if the received signal is the first infrared light beam or the first infrared light beam and the second infrared light beam, judging the area as a tooth surface area; if the received signal is three infrared raysJudging the area as a tooth bottom area; the infrared signal emitter feeds the judgment result back to the control manipulator through the control system;
(2) The control manipulator adjusts a corresponding angle according to the feedback result of the receiving annunciator, and the laser sets corresponding laser technological parameters to strengthen the gear; if the tooth top or the tooth bottom area is judged, the laser keeps vertical downward parallel to the normal direction of the gear base circle; if the tooth surface area is judged, adjusting the angle of the control manipulator to enable laser to enter the tooth surface of the gear at an incident angle of gamma=360 degrees/Z with the vertical direction, wherein Z is the number of teeth of the gear;
(3) And (3) rotating the gear by an angle gamma=360 degrees/Z under the drive of the gear clamp, stopping rotating and maintaining, repeating the steps (1) and (2), and rotating gamma=360 degrees/Z until the whole gear rotates by 360 degrees after the impact is finished, so that the integral reinforcement of the gear is completed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the laser shock peening process parameters are: the aluminum foil is adopted as an absorption layer, the thickness of the running water constraint layer is 1-2mm, the shape of a light spot is circular, the diameter of the light spot is 3mm, the pulse width is 20ns, the lap ratio is 50%, the pulse energy of a tooth bottom area is 4J, the pulse energy of a tooth top area is 6J, and the pulse energy of a tooth surface area is 8J.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210433361.XA CN114686678B (en) | 2022-04-24 | 2022-04-24 | Laser impact combined strengthening device and method for gear |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210433361.XA CN114686678B (en) | 2022-04-24 | 2022-04-24 | Laser impact combined strengthening device and method for gear |
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| CN114686678A CN114686678A (en) | 2022-07-01 |
| CN114686678B true CN114686678B (en) | 2024-01-05 |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105132667A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-09 | 江苏科技大学 | Gear surface laser shock texturing method |
| CN105861810A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-08-17 | 江苏大学 | Laser shock strengthening system with multiparameter integrated control |
| CN107866633A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-04-03 | 庞巴迪运输有限公司 | The laser process equipment of workpieces processing and the method laser machined to workpiece |
| CN108559835A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-09-21 | 江苏大学 | A kind of device and method of laser processing ball bearing outer rollaway nest |
| CN209078034U (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-07-09 | 湖北省奔翔汽配有限公司 | A kind of multistation components laser welding apparatus |
| CN112553412A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-03-26 | 广州科技贸易职业学院 | Die surface laser quenching equipment and control method |
| CN113523708A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-10-22 | 南通大学 | Method and device for repairing tooth surface micro-contact fatigue damage |
| CN113881841A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-04 | 西安天瑞达光电技术股份有限公司 | Five-axis machine tool type laser shock peening equipment |
-
2022
- 2022-04-24 CN CN202210433361.XA patent/CN114686678B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105132667A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-09 | 江苏科技大学 | Gear surface laser shock texturing method |
| CN105861810A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-08-17 | 江苏大学 | Laser shock strengthening system with multiparameter integrated control |
| CN107866633A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-04-03 | 庞巴迪运输有限公司 | The laser process equipment of workpieces processing and the method laser machined to workpiece |
| CN108559835A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-09-21 | 江苏大学 | A kind of device and method of laser processing ball bearing outer rollaway nest |
| CN209078034U (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-07-09 | 湖北省奔翔汽配有限公司 | A kind of multistation components laser welding apparatus |
| CN112553412A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-03-26 | 广州科技贸易职业学院 | Die surface laser quenching equipment and control method |
| CN113523708A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-10-22 | 南通大学 | Method and device for repairing tooth surface micro-contact fatigue damage |
| CN113881841A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-04 | 西安天瑞达光电技术股份有限公司 | Five-axis machine tool type laser shock peening equipment |
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