CN108559620A - A kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil - Google Patents
A kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN108559620A CN108559620A CN201810312126.0A CN201810312126A CN108559620A CN 108559620 A CN108559620 A CN 108559620A CN 201810312126 A CN201810312126 A CN 201810312126A CN 108559620 A CN108559620 A CN 108559620A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/06—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by pressing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
- A23D9/04—Working-up
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/008—Refining fats or fatty oils by filtration, e.g. including ultra filtration, dialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/06—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with bases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/16—Refining fats or fatty oils by mechanical means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B7/00—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils
- C11B7/0075—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils by differences of melting or solidifying points
Abstract
The invention belongs to oil refinery technical fields.The invention discloses a kind of production methods of Chinese torreya refined oil comprising crude oil squeezes and refine two techniques, wherein refining includes the processing steps such as degumming, depickling, decoloration and winterization.The problem of present invention produces no special production Technology for Chinese torreya oil provides a set of Chinese torreya oil refinement processing special process.Refining techniques provided by the invention, refining procedure is simple, and technological parameter is clear, and operability is strong；Refined oil quality index meets national edible oil standard, aliphatic acid keeps ecosystem；Refined oil remains intrinsic flavour, smell and the flavor of Chinese torreya oil；It is good without there is crystallization, silk ribbon, granular crystal or Microscale Cloud hazy precip, commodity performance during refined oil storage；It is high to refine oil yield, refining cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil refinery technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil.
Background technology
Chinese torreya is gymnosperm taxaceae (Taxaceae) Chinese torreya category (Torreya) plant, is evergreen megaphanerophyte.China has
3 kinds, 2 Chinese torreya mutation：First mutation is distributed across the wooden Chinese torreya (Torreya in Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian and Jiangxi
Grandis Fort.ex Lindl.)；Second mutation is distributed across the Bashan Mountain Chinese torreya in the high eyebrow area in Qin_Ba mountain areas most valuable treasure Xinghe
(Torreya fargesii)；Third mutation is distributed across the Torreya jackii (Torreya jackii) in Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangxi；
2 mutation first are distributed across the Yunnan Chinese torreya (Torreya fargesii var.yunnanensis) in Yunnan (and Burma),
Second mutation is distributed across Jiulong shan Mountain Chinese torreya (Torreya grandis var.jiulongshanensis) of Suichang of Zhejiang Province.People
The mainly Chinese torreya (Torreya grandis Fort.var.Merrillii) that work post is planted or harvesting Chinese torreya seed is edible, is from Chinese torreya
The kind (being) of artificially breeding in tree is planted through propagation by grafiting or cutting propagation at nursery stock pusher extensive farming, and the Changjiang river stream is concentrated mainly on
10 provinces and regions such as Zhejiang, Soviet Union, Anhui, Jiangxi on the south domain, intensively in cities and counties such as the Zhuji, Shengzhou, Dongyang in Zhejiang Province's Guiji Shan Mountain area.
The oil content of Chinese torreya benevolence is up to 50%, the fatty acid constituents Linoleic acid of grease, oleic acid content highest, followed by
Parasol pine acid and palmitic acid.With other xylophyta oil phase ratios, high is the feature of Chinese torreya oil high nutrition function containing linoleic acid, parasol pine acid
Index, and parasol pine acid is that Chinese torreya oil is peculiar.Contain more impurity, color and luster mistake in the Chinese torreya seed crude oil that squeezing or extraction obtain
Deep, some solid impurity amounts such as saponin are higher, have the problems such as certain astringent taste when directly edible.Meanwhile if seed stores not
When, it is also possible to the undesirable substances such as aflatoxins are generated, many indexs of Chinese torreya seed crude oil is made not meet national edible oil standard.
Therefore, Chinese torreya seed crude oil cannot be directly becoming commodity, carry out refining and be processed into refined oil.However, different woody plants
Fatty acid composition, active material ingredients and the physical behavior of object oil differ larger, therefore need targetedly to study corresponding processing
Technique.
The complete processing technology of Chinese torreya oil refinement still unripe in production.Currently, the technique of extracting of Chinese torreya oil compared with
It is more, such as cold-squeezing, supercritical extract.But the refining techniques of Chinese torreya oil seldom has been reported that, minority report is only confined to reality
The research for testing room monomial factor, without production application.Some enterprises are also in the refining processing and production for attempting Chinese torreya oil, technique
Substantially " high temperature refinery " production technology of traditional draft oil such as rapeseed oil is applied mechanically, technological parameter does not meet the distinctive physics of Chinese torreya oil
Characteristic and nutrient chemistry feature.Although existing greatest problem is to reach undesirable substance in removal crude oil after refining processing, make
Product quality meets relevant edible oil national standard, but is difficult primary fatty acid constituents and the Chinese torreya oil spy for retaining Chinese torreya oil
Some flavors, flavour and smell, and have the risk for generating the undesirable substances such as trans-fatty acid.Lead to the natural activity of many preciousnesses
Beneficiating ingredient and Chinese torreya odoring substance are lost in or are destroyed, and active nutrients content is decreased obviously, and almost become " pure
Oil ".
Invention content
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of refinings that can realize Chinese torreya oil, while can also be utmostly
Keep Chinese torreya oil in the Chinese torreya refined oil of active nutrients and Chinese torreya special odor production method.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil, includes the following steps：
One, crude oil squeezes：Press filtration obtains Chinese torreya crude oil under room temperature after Chinese torreya seed is squeezed；
Two, it refines：
A) degumming：By crude oil and water by weight 10：10~20 minutes are stirred at 35~85 DEG C after 0.7~1.3 mixing, then
2.5~3.5 hours are stood, degummed oil is made after then using sedimentation separation method removal lower layer's impurity and water；
B) depickling：It is handled in 45~95 DEG C of depicklings after degummed oil is mixed with sodium hydroxide solution, depickling oil is made；
C) it decolourizes：Depickling oil is added in decoloration kettle and is heated to 70~80 DEG C, adds the atlapulgite of depickling weight of oil 2%
It stirs evenly and is heated to 85~150 DEG C, then decoloring reaction 1~1.5 hour under -0.06~0.08MPa pressure again, it is then cold
But to 55~65 DEG C, room temperature is finally filtered and naturally cooled to while hot, and bleached oil is made；
D) winterization：Bleached oil is added in winterization tank and is cooled to 18~22 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) control is permanent in 20~22rpm
Warm growing the grain 36~60 hours, the pressure after crystalline deposit object with 0.1~0.4MPa occur, to carry out first time press filtration heavy except decrystallizing
First time press filtration product is then injected into another winterization tank and is cooled to 6~8 DEG C in 5 minutes together by starch and wax
When stirred with the rotating speed of 10~12rpm, continue winterization 10~14 hours after constant temperature, finally carried out with the pressure of 0.1~0.5MPa
It is press-filtered out decrystallize sediment and wax for the second time, Chinese torreya refined oil is made.
Preferably, Chinese torreya crude oil is Chinese torreya seed cold pressing and secondary filter pressing is obtained at normal temperatures within 80 DEG C, perfume
Impurity content is less than 0.25wt% in Chinese torreya crude oil.
Preferably, Chinese torreya seed is to dry Chinese torreya seed.
Preferably, when step 2 a) degummings, mixed treatment temperature is 35~45 DEG C, and the temperature of water is 35~45
℃。
Preferably, in step 2 b) depicklings processing, the weight of sodium hydroxide is degummed oil in added sodium hydroxide solution
The 1/10~2/10 of weight.
Preferably, step 2 b) depicklings processing carries out at 48~52 DEG C.
Preferably, in step 2 c), atlapulgite is added and is heated to 85~95 DEG C after stirring evenly.
Preferably, in step 2 c), 55~65 DEG C are cooled to the cooling rate of 1~3 DEG C/h after decoloring reaction.
Preferably, in step 2 d), bleached oil is added in winterization tank and with the cooling rate of 1.5~2.5 DEG C/h
It is cooled to 18~22 DEG C.
Therefore, the invention has the advantages that：The present situation of no special production Technology is produced for Chinese torreya oil,
Provide a set of Chinese torreya oil refinement processing special process.Refining techniques provided by the invention, refining procedure is simple, and technological parameter is bright
Really, operability is strong；Refined oil quality index meets national edible oil standard, aliphatic acid keeps ecosystem；Refined oil remains
Chinese torreya oil intrinsic flavour, smell and flavor；Without there is crystallization, silk ribbon, granular crystal or micro during refined oil storage
Cloud precipitates；It is high to refine oil yield, refining cost is low.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is further described With reference to embodiment.
Obviously, the described embodiments are merely a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on this
Embodiment in invention, all other reality obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example is applied, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, if not refering in particular to, all equipment and raw material is commercially available or the industry is common,
Method in following embodiments is unless otherwise instructed this field conventional method.
Embodiment 1
A kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil, includes the following steps：
One, crude oil squeezes：Chinese torreya seed cold pressing and secondary filter pressing obtains Chinese torreya crude oil at normal temperatures within 80 DEG C will be dried,
Impurity content is less than 0.25wt% in Chinese torreya crude oil；
Two, it refines：
A) degumming：The water by weight 10 for being 35 DEG C by crude oil and temperature：10 minutes are stirred at 35 DEG C after 0.7 mixing, then
2.5 hours are stood, degummed oil is made after then using sedimentation separation method removal lower layer's impurity and water；
B) depickling：It is handled in 45 DEG C of depicklings after degummed oil is mixed with sodium hydroxide solution, depickling oil is made；Added sodium hydroxide
The weight of sodium hydroxide is the 1/10~2/10 of degumming weight of oil in solution；
C) it decolourizes：Depickling oil is added in decoloration kettle and is heated to 70 DEG C, adds the atlapulgite stirring of depickling weight of oil 2%
Uniformly and 85 DEG C are heated to, then decoloring reaction 1 hour under -0.06MPa pressure again, are then cooled down with the cooling rate of 1 DEG C/h
To 55 DEG C, room temperature is finally filtered and naturally cooled to while hot, and bleached oil is made；
D) winterization：Bleached oil is added in winterization tank and is cooled to 18 DEG C with the cooling rate of 1.5 DEG C/h, stir speed (S.S.) control
In 20rpm, constant temperature growing the grain 36 hours, it is heavy except decrystallizing to occur after crystalline deposit object carrying out first time press filtration with the pressure of 0.1MPa
Starch and wax, then first time press filtration product is injected into another winterization tank and be cooled in 5 minutes 6 DEG C simultaneously with
The rotating speed of 10rpm stirs, and continues winterization 10 hours after constant temperature, is finally press-filtered out and is decrystallized for the second time with the pressure of 0.1MPa
Chinese torreya refined oil is made in sediment and wax.
Embodiment 2
A kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil, includes the following steps：
One, crude oil squeezes：Chinese torreya seed cold pressing and secondary filter pressing obtains Chinese torreya crude oil at normal temperatures within 80 DEG C will be dried,
Impurity content is less than 0.25wt% in Chinese torreya crude oil；
Two, it refines：
A) degumming：By crude oil and water at a temperature of 90 °C by weight 10：20 minutes are stirred at 90 DEG C after 1.3 mixing, then
3.5 hours are stood, degummed oil is made after then using sedimentation separation method removal lower layer's impurity and water；
B) depickling：It is handled in 90 DEG C of depicklings after degummed oil is mixed with sodium hydroxide by solution, depickling oil is made；Added hydroxide
The weight of sodium hydroxide is the 2/10 of degumming weight of oil in sodium solution；
C) it decolourizes：Depickling oil is added in decoloration kettle and is heated to 80 DEG C, adds the atlapulgite stirring of depickling weight of oil 2%
Uniformly and 150 DEG C are heated to, then decoloring reaction 1.5 hours under 0.08MPa pressure again, it is then cold with the cooling rate of 3 DEG C/h
But to 65 DEG C, room temperature is finally filtered and naturally cooled to while hot, and bleached oil is made；
D) winterization：Bleached oil is added in winterization tank and is cooled to 22 DEG C with the cooling rate of 2.5 DEG C/h, stir speed (S.S.) control
In 22rpm, constant temperature growing the grain 60 hours, it is heavy except decrystallizing to occur after crystalline deposit object carrying out first time press filtration with the pressure of 0.4MPa
Starch and wax, then first time press filtration product is injected into another winterization tank and be cooled in 5 minutes 8 DEG C simultaneously with
The rotating speed of 12rpm stirs, and continues winterization 14 hours after constant temperature, is finally press-filtered out and is decrystallized for the second time with the pressure of 0.5MPa
Chinese torreya refined oil is made in sediment and wax.
Embodiment 3
A kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil, includes the following steps：
One, crude oil squeezes：Chinese torreya seed cold pressing and secondary filter pressing obtains Chinese torreya crude oil at normal temperatures within 80 DEG C will be dried,
Impurity content is less than 0.25wt% in Chinese torreya crude oil；
Two, it refines：
A) degumming：The water by weight 10 for being 40 DEG C by crude oil and temperature：It is stirred 15 minutes at 40 DEG C after 1 mixing, it is then quiet
It sets 3 hours, degummed oil is made after then using sedimentation separation method removal lower layer's impurity and water；
B) depickling：It is handled in 50 DEG C of depicklings after degummed oil is mixed with sodium hydroxide by solution, depickling oil is made；Added hydroxide
The weight of sodium hydroxide is the 3/20 of degumming weight of oil in sodium solution；
C) it decolourizes：Depickling oil is added in decoloration kettle and is heated to 75 DEG C, adds the atlapulgite stirring of depickling weight of oil 2%
Uniformly and 90 DEG C are heated to, then decoloring reaction 1.2 hours under -0.04MPa pressure again, it is then cold with the cooling rate of 2 DEG C/h
But to 60 DEG C, room temperature is finally filtered and naturally cooled to while hot, and bleached oil is made；
D) winterization：Bleached oil is added in winterization tank and is cooled to 20 DEG C with the cooling rate of 2 DEG C/h, stir speed (S.S.) control exists
21rpm, constant temperature growing the grain 48 hours, the pressure after crystalline deposit object with 0.25MPa occur, to carry out first time press filtration heavy except decrystallizing
Starch and wax, then first time press filtration product is injected into another winterization tank and be cooled in 5 minutes 7 DEG C simultaneously with
The rotating speed of 11rpm stirs, and continues winterization 12 hours after constant temperature, is finally press-filtered out and is decrystallized for the second time with the pressure of 0.3MPa
Chinese torreya refined oil is made in sediment and wax.
Embodiment 4
A kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil, includes the following steps：
One, crude oil squeezes：Chinese torreya seed cold pressing and secondary filter pressing obtains Chinese torreya crude oil at normal temperatures within 80 DEG C will be dried,
Impurity content is less than 0.25wt% in Chinese torreya crude oil；
Two, it refines：
A) degumming：The water by weight 10 for being 45 DEG C by crude oil and temperature：It is stirred 15 minutes at 45 DEG C after 1 mixing, it is then quiet
It sets 3.0 hours, degummed oil is made after then using sedimentation separation method removal lower layer's impurity and water；
B) depickling：It is handled in 55 DEG C of depicklings after degummed oil is mixed with sodium hydroxide solution, depickling oil is made；Added sodium hydroxide
The weight of sodium hydroxide is the 3/20 of degumming weight of oil in solution；
C) it decolourizes：Depickling oil is added in decoloration kettle and is heated to 75 DEG C, adds the atlapulgite stirring of depickling weight of oil 2%
Uniformly and 95 DEG C are heated to, then decoloring reaction 1.2 hours under 0.02MPa pressure again, are then cooled down with the cooling rate of 2 DEG C/h
To 60 DEG C, room temperature is finally filtered and naturally cooled to while hot, and bleached oil is made；
D) winterization：Bleached oil is added in winterization tank and is cooled to 20 DEG C with the cooling rate of 2.0 DEG C/h, stir speed (S.S.) control
In 21rpm, constant temperature growing the grain 40 hours occurs carrying out first time press filtration except decrystallizing with the pressure of 0.25MPa after crystalline deposit object
First time press filtration product is then injected into another winterization tank and is cooled to 7 DEG C in 5 minutes simultaneously by sediment and wax
It is stirred with the rotating speed of 11rpm, continues winterization 12 hours after constant temperature, finally carrying out second of press filtration with the pressure of 0.3MPa goes out to tie
Chinese torreya refined oil is made in brilliant sediment and wax.
Embodiment 5
A kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil, includes the following steps：
One, crude oil squeezes：Chinese torreya seed cold pressing and secondary filter pressing obtains Chinese torreya crude oil at normal temperatures within 80 DEG C will be dried,
Impurity content is less than 0.25wt% in Chinese torreya crude oil；
Two, it refines：
A) degumming：The water by weight 10 for being 60 DEG C by crude oil and temperature：It is stirred 15 minutes at 60 DEG C after 1 mixing, it is then quiet
It sets 3.0 hours, degummed oil is made after then using sedimentation separation method removal lower layer's impurity and water；
B) depickling：It is handled in 70 DEG C of depicklings after degummed oil is mixed with sodium hydroxide solution, depickling oil is made；Added sodium hydroxide
The weight of sodium hydroxide is the 3/20 of degumming weight of oil in solution；
C) it decolourizes：Depickling oil is added in decoloration kettle and is heated to 75 DEG C, adds the atlapulgite stirring of depickling weight of oil 2%
Uniformly and 120 DEG C are heated to, then decoloring reaction 1.2 hours under 0.04MPa pressure again, it is then cold with the cooling rate of 2 DEG C/h
But to 60 DEG C, room temperature is finally filtered and naturally cooled to while hot, and bleached oil is made；
D) winterization：Bleached oil is added in winterization tank and is cooled to 20 DEG C with the cooling rate of 2.0 DEG C/h, stir speed (S.S.) control
In 21rpm, constant temperature growing the grain 56 hours occurs carrying out first time press filtration except decrystallizing with the pressure of 0.25MPa after crystalline deposit object
First time press filtration product is then injected into another winterization tank and is cooled to 7 DEG C in 5 minutes simultaneously by sediment and wax
It is stirred with the rotating speed of 11rpm, continues winterization 12 hours after constant temperature, finally carrying out second of press filtration with the pressure of 0.3MPa goes out to tie
Chinese torreya refined oil is made in brilliant sediment and wax.
Test example 1：The preparation of Chinese torreya oil crude oil
With current year raw Chinese torreya seed, raw material seed is obtained with 2 kinds of methods of frying using drying, the method for frying is by production Chinese torreya dry fruit
Method carries out.Mechanical dejacketings are carried out to 2 kinds of Chinese torreya seeds and obtain benevolence, squeezing liquefaction carried out to 2 kinds of benevolence raw materials, benevolence when squeezing
Moisture content be 8-10%.2 important indicators (acid value, peroxide value) and fat of the expressed oil in the 2 kinds of crude oils obtained to squeezing
Fat acid constituents are tested.
The result shows that drying the raw material seed obtained with 2 kinds of methods of frying after squeezing, squeezing oil yield is higher, the two
Between be not significantly different (table 1).The content of aliphatic acid does not significantly change between 2 kinds of expressed oils, but total trend is saturation
Aliphatic acid rises, and irregular variation (table 2) occurs in unsaturated fatty acid content, it may be possible to which high temperature frying is saturated when reducing squeezing
Reserved of the aliphatic acid in marc.The acid value of frying raw material seed expressed oil, which is significantly higher than, dries Chinese torreya raw material seed expressed oil, says
The grease property of Chinese torreya oil is changed after bright frying, and the content of free fatty increases.After expressed oil stores 60 days, dry
Acid value, the peroxide value of Chinese torreya raw material seed expressed oil do not significantly improve；The acid value of frying raw material seed expressed oil is not notable
It improves, but peroxide value dramatically increases.Illustrate that the antioxidant of Chinese torreya seed expressed oil after frying may be affected, shortens
Storage period (table 1).
The feature of the different Chinese torreya benevolence raw material expressed oils of table 1 refers to
The relative amount of each component of 2 oil fatty acid of table
Test example 2：The degumming of Chinese torreya oil
It takes 12 parts to dry Chinese torreya seed squeezing crude oil sample (each 100g), is divided into 4 groups, every group of 3 samples.4 groups of samples carry out respectively
It is warmed to 20 DEG C, 40 DEG C, 60 DEG C or 80 DEG C processing.After treatment of different temperature, the hot water of 12mL, stirring 15 are added in each sample
Minute carries out hydration degumming, and mixture stands 3h after reaction, is then filtered to obtain the filtrates such as phosphatide, weighs.It calculates de-
Glue rate：The content of phospholipid of degumming rate (%)=(content of phospholipid of crude oil-degummed oil content of phospholipid)/crude oil.
Measure influence of the analysis degumming temperature to degummed oil physical and chemical index：
Degumming Procedures are to carry out aquation degumming using the hydrophilic feature of phosphatide to remove peptized impurities.Table 3 is as can be seen that Chinese torreya hair
The content of phospholipid of oil is relatively low, and most of phosphatide in crude oil is removed in heating water scouring processes, and degumming rate is with degumming temperature
The raising of degree and increase.20 DEG C of degumming rates are 44.7%, illustrate that content of phospholipid is still higher in degummed oil, influence the stabilization of grease
The refining effect of property and subsequent handling.40 DEG C, the degumming rates of 60 DEG C and 80 DEG C three temperature is 90% or more, statistical analysis table
It is not significantly different between bright 3 temperature, but is all remarkably higher than 30 DEG C of degummed oil (P<0.05) corresponding product, is had reached to want
It asks.Other gross indexs such as acid value, iodine number, peroxide value of 3 temperature degummed oils are also not significantly different (table 3).Institute
With 40 DEG C of degummings are preferable temperature.
Influence of the 3 degumming temperature of table to Chinese torreya degumming of oil effect and physical and chemical index
Note：In color and luster, Y：Yellow, R：Red (similarly hereinafter).
Test example 3：The depickling of Chinese torreya oil
Sodium hydroxide solution is added in 100g degumming oil samples, conventional method calculates caustic dosage.It is shaken up after adding alkali, is heated up to 30
DEG C, stand 30min.Mixture is separately added into the washing of 15mL hot water, and every 3 samples are one group, are heated up to 30 DEG C respectively, 50 DEG C,
70 DEG C and 90 DEG C, agitator treating.Centrifuge removes the sediment in mixture.Calculate acid removal rate：Acid removal rate (%)=(hair
Oil acid value-depickling oil acid value)/crude oil acid value.Depickling tests depickling oil that best depickling temperature obtains for next
Process is tested.
Measure influence of the analysis depickling temperature to depickling oil physical and chemical index：
Deacidification process is the free fatty removed in grease, it is made to be converted into the soap stock process insoluble in oil.It can be seen by table 4
Go out, most of free fatty in degummed oil is removed during alkali-refining deacidification, acid removal rate with depickling temperature raising
And increase.30 DEG C of acid removal rates are 60.0%, and the acid value of depickling oil is 1.01, when the stability of the higher influence grease of acid value and storage
Between.50 DEG C, 98% or more, statistical analysis shows not show between 3 temperature the acid removal rate of 70 DEG C and 90 DEG C three temperature
Difference is write, but is substantially less than 30 DEG C of depickling oil (P<0.05), acid value 0.04 hereinafter, having reached corresponding product requirement；3
Other gross indexs such as relative density, refraction index, peroxide value of temperature degummed oil are not significantly different (table 4).Institute
To select 50 DEG C of depickling oil to enter next refining procedure.
Influence of the 4 depickling temperature of table to Chinese torreya oil deacidification effect and physical and chemical index
Test example 4：The decoloration of Chinese torreya oil
100g depickling oil samples are first heated up to 40 DEG C, the atlapulgite of 2g is added in each sample, every 3 samples are a component
It is not warmed to 60 DEG C, 90 DEG C, 120 DEG C and 150 DEG C, continuous gentle agitation 1h.After mixture being filtered after cooling to 50 DEG C, take oil
Sample measures absorbance at 520nm.Calculate percent of decolourization：Percent of decolourization (%)=(absorbance after absorbance-decoloration before decoloration)/
Absorbance before decoloration.The bleached oil that the best bleaching temperature of Decolorant Test obtains is tested for next process.
Measure influence of the analysis bleaching temperature to bleached oil physical and chemical index：
Bleaching process is the process for removing the coloring matter in grease, and four bleaching temperatures can remove it can be seen from table 5-1
The color of most grease pigment, bleached oil is significantly shallower than depickling oil.After decoloration, the peroxide value of grease is remarkably decreased, but
Acid value increases.Percent of decolourization is 54.5% at 60 DEG C, and the color and luster of grease is still partially deep, and peroxide value 1.98 is slightly higher.90 DEG C, 120
DEG C and 150 DEG C of three temperature percent of decolourization 80% or more, statistical analysis shows to be not significantly different between 3 temperature, but
It is all remarkably higher than 60 DEG C of bleached oil (P<0.05)；The peroxide value of 3 temperature is substantially less than 60 DEG C of bleached oils, the reason is that temperature
It increases, increases the ability of decolorising agent adsorbed peroxide.But temperature is higher, and acid value rising is bigger, and saponified loss is more.3
Other gross indexs such as relative density, refraction index of a temperature bleached oil are not significantly different.It can be seen by table 5-2
Go out, depickling oil still remains the certain astringent taste of Chinese torreya oil, but bleached oil does not have astringent taste.60 DEG C, 90 DEG C of bleached oils still remain
The intrinsic flavour of Chinese torreya oil, smell.
Consolidated statement 5-1,5-2,90 DEG C, the main physical and chemical index of the bleached oil of 120 DEG C and 150 DEG C three temperature has met
Related edible oil national standard also complies with the national standard (GB11765-2003) of representative woody edible oil camellia seed oil.But
Only 90 DEG C of bleached oils remain the intrinsic flavour of Chinese torreya oil, smell, so, select 90 DEG C of bleached oils to enter next refining work
Sequence.
Influence of the table 5-1 bleaching temperatures to Chinese torreya oil decolorization effect and physical and chemical index
Influence of the table 5-2 bleaching temperatures to Chinese torreya oil deodorising effect and physical and chemical index
| Sample | Flavour | Smell |
| Depickling oil | Slightly astringent taste | There is heavier smell |
| 60℃ | The flavour for having Chinese torreya oil intrinsic | The smell for having Chinese torreya oil intrinsic |
| 90℃ | The flavour for having Chinese torreya oil intrinsic | The smell for having Chinese torreya oil intrinsic |
| 120℃ | Free from extraneous odour | Free from extraneous odour |
| 150℃ | Free from extraneous odour | Free from extraneous odour |
Test example 5：The deodorization of Chinese torreya oil
100g decolorations oil samples are taken to be stored in rustless steel container, every 3 samples are one group and are respectively placed in vertical pressure steam sterilizing
In the deodorizer of device repacking, it is evacuated down to 500Pa after being first heated up to 85 DEG C, continues to be heated up to 80 DEG C, 120 DEG C, 160 DEG C and 200
DEG C, cooling is depressurized to normal temperature and pressure under vacuum after holding 2h.Deodorization is tested the deodorised oil that best deodorization temperature obtains and is used for down
One process experiment.
Measure influence of the analysis deodorization temperature to deodorised oil physical and chemical index：
Deodorization procedures are to remove the process of bad smell and uncomfortable flavour in bleached oil, as can be seen from Table 6, the deodorization of Chinese torreya oil
Afterwards, the peroxide value of grease further declines, but color and luster is gone up.Other basic matter such as acid value, relative density, refraction index
Figureofmerit is not significantly different.80 DEG C and 120 DEG C of deodorised oils remain the intrinsic flavour of Chinese torreya oil, embody the spy of Chinese torreya oil
There is quality.160 DEG C and 200 DEG C deodorizations then lose the intrinsic flavour of Chinese torreya oil, smell.In view of all fingers of above-mentioned bleached oil
Mark has reached the national standard of related edible oil, in addition the cost of high temperature deodorization, it is believed that Chinese torreya oil refinement does not need high temperature refinery
Process.
Influence of 6 deodorization temperature of table to Chinese torreya oil deodorising effect and physical and chemical index
Test example 6：The dewaxing of Chinese torreya oil
Winterization (dewaxing)：The bleached oil that test example 4 obtains and the deodorised oil (120 DEG C) that experimental example 5 obtains is taken to be stored in respectively stainless
In steel container, 20 ± 2 DEG C are progressively cooled to, in 2 ± 0.5 DEG C/h, mixing speed is controlled in 20-22r/min for freezing rate control,
Continuing 48 ± 12h of growing the grain after constant temperature, crystalline deposit object occur, carries out first time press filtration at this time, press filtration uses plate and frame type filter-press,
Filtering pressure is 0.25 ± 0.15MPa, removes solid fat crystallization and wax, and filtrate drying weighs.First time press filtration is injected into
Another winterization tank is cooled to 7 ± 1 DEG C using heat exchanger rapid cooling grease in 5 minutes, flaky crystal wax, stirring speed occur
Degree control continues winterization 12h or so after 10-12r/min, constant temperature, carries out second of press filtration at this time, and filtering pressure is 0.30 ±
0.2MPa, removes solid fat crystallization and wax, and filtrate drying weighs.The above 2 dewaxing experiment is repeated 3 times.After dewaxing
To finished product Chinese torreya oil.
It is stored in rustless steel container respectively as 1,3 parts of every part of 100g bleached oil (90 DEG C) samples of dewaxing technique control group,
It is placed in cooling in water-bath, is cooled to 4 DEG C respectively, stands 48h.Filter at low temperature collects filtrate, dry to weigh.
It is stored in rustless steel container respectively as 2,3 parts of every part of 100g deodorised oil (120 DEG C) samples of dewaxing technique control group,
It is placed in cooling in water-bath, is cooled to 4 DEG C respectively, stands 48h.Filter at low temperature collects filtrate, dry to weigh.
Calculate dewaxing rate：Oil weight before weight/filtering of dewaxing rate (%)=filtrate.Product oil is obtained after filtering.
Measure influence of the analysis dewaxing technique to dewaxed oil physical and chemical index：
Dewaxing process is the process that high melting-point wax and high-melting fat in oil is precipitated in low temperature, and temperature is lower in a certain range, dewaxing rate
It is higher.
To being that material dewaxes with bleached oil, find out from table 7-1, temperature section formula dewaxing technique is conducive to various wax objects
The precipitation of matter, dewaxing rate are significantly higher than disposable cooling dewaxing technique (control 1).The reason is that segmented dewaxing technique passes through difference
Wax substance of different nature is precipitated the temperature section cooling rate different with control in different temperature periods.Meanwhile temperature point
Segmentation dewaxing technique is compared with the control, moreover it is possible to further decrease acid value and peroxide value (table 7-1), make up without after deodorization procedures
The influence brought.Moreover segmented dewaxing technique can retain intrinsic flavour, smell and the flavor of Chinese torreya oil to a greater degree, take off
Wax oil does not have peculiar smell (table 7-3).
To being that material dewaxes with deodorised oil, find out from table 7-2, temperature section formula dewaxing technique is equally beneficial for various
The precipitation of wax substance, dewaxing rate are not significantly different higher than disposable cooling dewaxing technique (control 2) in statistics level.
Equally, temperature section formula dewaxing technique compares with compareing 2, can further decrease acid value and peroxide value (table 7-2), but statistics water
Also without significant difference on flat.Deodorised oil has the oily intrinsic flavour of Chinese torreya by segmented dewaxing technique is only micro-, and has not had
The intrinsic flavour (table 7-4) of Chinese torreya oil.The physicochemical character after 2 kinds of bleached oil, deodorised oil oil dewaxings is integrated, is not had between dewaxed oil
Apparent difference.Only discrepant is flavour and smell, with decoloration oil dewaxing, can retain the intrinsic flavour of certain Chinese torreya oil
And smell.So, it is believed that the de- refining of Chinese torreya does not need deodorization procedures.
Influence of the table 7-1 dewaxing temperatures to bleached oil dewaxing effect and physical and chemical index
Influence of the table 7-2 dewaxing temperatures to deodorised oil dewaxing effect and physical and chemical index
Flavour, smell after table 7-3 decoloration oil dewaxings
| Sample | Flavour | Smell |
| Bleached oil | There are the oily intrinsic flavour of Chinese torreya, slight peculiar smell | The smell for having Chinese torreya oil intrinsic |
| New process | The flavour for having Chinese torreya oil intrinsic, free from extraneous odour | The smell for having Chinese torreya oil intrinsic |
| Control group 1 | It is micro- to have the oily intrinsic flavour of Chinese torreya, slight peculiar smell | Micro- smell for having Chinese torreya oil intrinsic |
Flavour, smell after table 7-4 deodorization oil dewaxings
| Sample | Flavour | Smell |
| Deodorised oil | Micro- flavour for having Chinese torreya oil intrinsic | The slightly intrinsic smell of Chinese torreya oil |
| New process | Micro- flavour for having Chinese torreya oil intrinsic, free from extraneous odour | The slightly intrinsic smell of Chinese torreya oil |
| Control group 2 | Micro- flavour for having Chinese torreya oil intrinsic, free from extraneous odour | Without the intrinsic smell of Chinese torreya oil |
Test example 7：New process combination is verified
To verify the refining effect of each process refining temperature, the Optimal Temperature group tested each embodiment difference process temperature
It closes and carries out laboratory refining contrast test with traditional refining raw food oil temperature, main technologic parameters are shown in Table 8.
Obtained refined oil is detected and is shown (table 9), of the present invention group as traditional method of refining, refines Chinese torreya oil
Physical and chemical index meet comprehensively the edible vegetable oils countries such as GB 2716-2005, GB 2763-2005 and GB 2760-2007 mark
Standard, leading indicator also comply with national GB/T 11765-2003 representativenesses xylophyta oil-camellia seed oil quality standard.Meanwhile essence
Refine the content of beary metal (total arsenic, lead) of Chinese torreya oil, persticide residue (Rogor, Entex) and other undesirable substance (aflatoxins
B1, benzo (α) pyrene, BHA, BHT) etc. do not detect.But traditional method of refining refined oil is without the intrinsic gas of Chinese torreya oil
Taste, flavour, and of the present invention group of refined oil remains with the intrinsic smell of Chinese torreya oil, flavour (table 8).
The technological parameter difference of 8 two kinds of method of refining of table
The physicochemical character of table 9 refining techniques of the present invention and traditional technology refined oil
Note：ND expressions are not detected.
The fatty acid composition of refining techniques Chinese torreya oil of the present invention：
Obtained refined oil is detected and is shown (table 10), the Chinese torreya essence of refining techniques of the present invention and traditional refining techniques production
The main fatty acid component and crude oil of oil refining are that saturated fatty acid content declines than having certain variation, variation tendency, insatiable hunger
It is increased with content of fatty acid, but statistical analysis is not significantly different (P>0.05), illustrate refining temperature to the single fat of Chinese torreya oil
The influence of fat sour component content is little.Calculate saturated fatty acid (SFA), unsaturated fatty acid (USFA), monounsaturated fatty acids
(NUSFA) SFA of the refined oil obtained with the discovery of the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid (MUSFA), crude oil and 2 kinds of refining techniques
Content, NUSFA contents, NUSFA contents do not have a Traits change, and MUSFA contents do not have significance difference with crude oil in refined oil of the present invention
It is different, it maintains " ecosystem " of oil fatty acid component, but MUSFA contents are significantly higher than crude oil and the present invention in traditional refined oil
Refined oil (P<0.05).
Influence of the 10 combination temp batch production pilot scale of table to refined oil fatty acid composition
It should be understood that those skilled in the art, it can be modified or changed according to the above description, and
All these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
One, crude oil squeezes：Press filtration obtains Chinese torreya crude oil under room temperature after Chinese torreya seed is squeezed；
Two, it refines：
A) degumming：By crude oil and water by weight 10：10~20 minutes are stirred at 35~90 DEG C after 0.7~1.3 mixing, then
2.5~3.5 hours are stood, degummed oil is made after then using sedimentation separation method removal lower layer's impurity and water；
B) depickling：It is handled in 45~90 DEG C of depicklings after degummed oil is mixed with sodium hydroxide solution, depickling oil is made；
C) it decolourizes：Depickling oil is added in decoloration kettle and is heated to 70~80 DEG C, adds the atlapulgite of depickling weight of oil 2%
It stirs evenly and is heated to 85~150 DEG C, then decoloring reaction 1~1.5 hour under -0.06~0.08MPa pressure again, it is then cold
But to 55~65 DEG C, room temperature is finally filtered and naturally cooled to while hot, and bleached oil is made；
D) winterization：Bleached oil is added in winterization tank and is cooled to 18~22 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) control is permanent in 20~22rpm
Warm growing the grain 36~60 hours, the pressure after crystalline deposit object with 0.1~0.4MPa occur, to carry out first time press filtration heavy except decrystallizing
First time press filtration product is then injected into another winterization tank and is cooled to 6~8 DEG C in 5 minutes together by starch and wax
When stirred with the rotating speed of 10~12rpm, continue winterization 10~14 hours after constant temperature, finally carried out with the pressure of 0.1~0.5MPa
It is press-filtered out decrystallize sediment and wax for the second time, Chinese torreya refined oil is made.
2. a kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The Chinese torreya crude oil is Chinese torreya seed cold pressing and secondary filter pressing obtains at normal temperatures, the Chinese torreya hair within 80 DEG C
Well cuts content is less than 0.25wt%.
3. a kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
The Chinese torreya seed is to dry Chinese torreya seed.
4. a kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
When the step 2 a) degummings, mixed treatment temperature is 35~45 DEG C, and the temperature of water is 35~45 DEG C.
5. a kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In step 2 b) the depicklings processing, the weight of sodium hydroxide is the 1/10 of degumming weight of oil in added sodium hydroxide solution
~2/10.
6. a kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Step 2 b) the depicklings processing carries out at 48~52 DEG C.
7. a kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In the step 2 c), atlapulgite is added and is heated to 85~95 DEG C after stirring evenly.
8. a kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In the step 2 c), 55~65 DEG C are cooled to the cooling rate of 1~3 DEG C/h after decoloring reaction.
9. a kind of production method of Chinese torreya refined oil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In the step 2 d), bleached oil is added in winterization tank and 18 are cooled to the cooling rate of 1.5~2.5 DEG C/h~
22℃。
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| CN111303987A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-19 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Macadamia nut base oil and preparation method thereof |
| CN112899069A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-04 | 安徽省农业科学院农业工程研究所 | Production process of Chinese torreya refined oil |
| CN114657017A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-24 | 安徽省农业科学院农业工程研究所 | Processing technology of Chinese torreya fruits |
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