CN113273615B

CN113273615B - Preparation method of camellia oil crude oil and camellia soap organic liquid

Info

Publication number: CN113273615B
Application number: CN202110635706.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 余顺波; 陈长艳; 张品; 李风华; 李慧
Original assignee: Guizhou Youyan Chunxiang Ecological Grain And Oil Technology Co ltd; GUIZHOU RAPE INSTITUTE
Current assignee: Guizhou Youyan Chunxiang Ecological Grain And Oil Technology Co ltd; GUIZHOU RAPE INSTITUTE
Priority date: 2021-06-08
Filing date: 2021-06-08
Publication date: 2022-07-22
Anticipated expiration: 2041-06-08
Also published as: CN113273615A

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of camellia oil crude oil and tea soap organic liquid, belonging to the technical field of tea seed oil production, and the preparation method of the camellia oil crude oil comprises the following steps: removing shells of camellia seeds, crushing, soaking, grinding into slurry and filtering, fermenting the obtained filtrate and separating fermentation liquor, heating the obtained top layer suspension, and filtering to obtain the camellia oil crude oil; simultaneously filtering the middle layer filtrate obtained by separating the fermentation liquor to obtain tea soap organic liquid; the camellia oil prepared by the invention has high quality and high yield, no additive is needed to be added in the whole process, and the obtained product is all natural and pollution-free; refining processes such as dephosphorization, decoloration and deodorization are not needed for the prepared camellia oil crude oil, and only deacidification treatment is needed; the tea soap organic liquid prepared by the invention can be used for development of related products such as biological organic liquid sterilization liquid and the like, can also be used as mother liquid in the production and fermentation processes, and simultaneously improves the utilization rate of camellia seed resources.

Description

Preparation method of camellia oil crude oil and camellia soap organic liquid

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tea seed oil production, and particularly relates to a preparation method of camellia oil crude oil and tea soap organic liquid.

Background

The oil tea is an economic forest which is peculiar in the south of China, and is called four major edible oil plants in the world together with oil palm, olive and coconut. Because of the special quality, rare attribute, healthy function and wide benefit, the oil tea industry gradually becomes a long-acting stable enriching industry accepted by enterprises and masses.

The camellia seeds are fruits of camellia oleifera trees, contain utilizable substances such as crude fat, starch, crude protein, tea seed polysaccharide, polyphenol substances, sterol, squalene, vitamin E, flavonoid compounds, saponin, crude fiber and tannin, can be used for extracting oil and eating, and have high nutritional value and economic value.

The camellia seed oil has the nutritional value comparable to or even higher than that of olive oil, and is high-grade edible oil; has antioxidant effect, and is effective for caring skin, resisting aging, lowering blood pressure, reducing blood lipid, and inhibiting arteriosclerosis. It is also called "eastern olive oil" because it is a peculiar species in our country.

At present, most enterprises have poor oil tea processing technology, low quality of camellia oil and low utilization rate of camellia seed resources. The existing camellia oil processing technology mainly comprises the following steps: hot pressing, cold pressing and leaching, but the three processing techniques have the following defects that: (1) the hot pressing method for producing the tea oil can lead the amino acid in the tea seeds and the reducing sugar to generate Maillard reaction due to overhigh temperature, deepen the color of the tea oil, oxidize vitamin E and polyphenol substances in the oil under the action of high temperature and oxygen to cause nutrient loss and increase the content of noxious substances such as benzo (alpha) pyrene and the like; (2) although indexes such as color, aroma, taste, nutrient element content, hazard content and the like of the camellia oil are superior to those of the hot-pressed camellia oil by the cold pressing method, the oil yield of the camellia oil is only half of that of the hot pressing method, and the production cost is greatly improved; (3) the camellia oil extracted by the leaching method has certain solvent residues, which can influence the purchasing desire of green and healthy consumers. The known traditional camellia oil preparation processes are not complete enough, and various defects exist, so that a new camellia oil and tea soap organic liquid preparation technology needs to be developed urgently to change the current situation that the existing camellia oil processing technology is not perfect enough and improve the utilization rate of camellia seed resources.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of camellia oil crude oil and camellia soap organic liquid, and the preparation method of the camellia oil and the camellia soap organic liquid is optimized and the quality of the camellia oil is improved by adopting a modern biological fermentation technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a preparation method of camellia oil crude oil, which comprises the following steps: removing shell of camellia seed, pulverizing, soaking, grinding into slurry, filtering, fermenting the filtrate, separating fermentation liquid, heating the obtained top suspension, and filtering to obtain camellia oil crude oil.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the tea soap organic liquid, which comprises the following steps: removing shell of camellia seed, pulverizing, soaking, pulping and filtering, fermenting the obtained filtrate and separating fermentation liquor, and filtering the obtained middle-layer filtrate to obtain the tea soap organic liquid.

Furthermore, the storage time of the camellia seeds is less than or equal to 320 d.

Further, the storage temperature is 0-8 ℃.

Further, the temperature of a soaking solution adopted for soaking is 25-35 ℃, the solid-liquid ratio of soaking is 1 to (3.5-4.5), and the soaking time is 1-1.5 h

Further, the soak solution is a mixed solution of tea soap organic liquid and water obtained by filtering middle-layer filtrate obtained by separating fermentation liquor, and the volume ratio of the tea soap organic liquid to the water is 1: 3.

Further, the fermentation temperature is 40-50 ℃, and fermentation is carried out until air holes appear in the top layer suspension.

Further, the heating is carried out until the color of the oil residue becomes scorched.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the camellia oil crude oil prepared by the method has the advantages of bright and clear color, no peculiar smell, high product quality and high crude oil yield.

(2) By adopting the preparation method, no additive is required to be added in the whole process, the obtained product is all natural and pollution-free, and the preparation method can simultaneously realize the production of a plurality of products such as camellia oil crude oil, camellia cake feed, tea soap organic liquid and the like.

(3) The camellia oil crude oil prepared by the method does not need refining processes such as dephosphorization, decoloration and deodorization, and can be refined only by deacidification treatment, the preparation method is simple and easy to operate, the required refining time is short, the energy consumption is low, the product quality is high, the problems of low quality and complex processing process of the camellia oil extracted by the traditional method are solved, and the production cost and time are greatly saved.

(4) The tea soap organic liquid prepared by the method can be used for development and utilization of related products such as biological organic nutrient solution, sterilization solution and the like, and can also be used for producing mother liquor in the fermentation process, so that the utilization rate of camellia seed resources is improved.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials in connection with which the documents are cited. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including but not limited to.

Example 1

The preparation method of the camellia oil crude oil and the camellia soap organic liquid comprises the following steps:

(1) drying picked camellia seeds at low temperature (35 ℃), storing at 0 ℃ for 14 days, and removing shells to obtain camellia seed kernels; crushing the obtained camellia seed kernels in a pulping machine;

(2) soaking the camellia seed kernels crushed in the step (1) in warm water at 30 ℃, wherein the weight ratio of the camellia seed kernels to the warm water is 1: 4, and grinding the camellia seed kernels into slurry with the particle size less than 100 meshes by using a stone mill after soaking for 1 h;

(3) filtering the serous fluid obtained in the step (2) by using 120-mesh filter cloth, washing the serous fluid twice by using normal-temperature water, using the obtained filter residue as camellia cake feed, keeping the water content at 4.8 wt%, the crude fat content at 15.1 wt%, the crude protein content at 8.08 wt%, the crude ash content at 2.7 wt% and the crude fiber content at 18.0 wt%, standing and fermenting the obtained filtrate at 45 ℃ (no fermenting agent or other substances are required to be added into the filtrate) until obvious small air holes appear in the top-layer suspension, separating the fermentation liquor to obtain the top-layer suspension, middle-layer filtrate and bottom-layer liquid, wherein the bottom-layer liquid can be discarded, and the middle-layer filtrate is filtered to obtain tea soap organic liquid;

the benefit can be maximized by repeating the washing process twice;

(4) and (4) heating the top suspension obtained in the step (3) in a container to evaporate water, continuously heating until camellia oil appears in the top suspension after the water is completely evaporated, stopping heating when the color of the oil residue becomes brown, and filtering and separating the oil residue and the camellia oil to obtain the camellia oil crude oil.

Example 2

The preparation method of the camellia oil crude oil comprises the following steps:

(1) drying picked camellia seeds at low temperature, storing for 320 days at 8 ℃, and removing shells to obtain camellia seed kernels; crushing the obtained camellia seed kernels in a pulping machine;

(2) soaking the camellia seed kernels crushed in the step (1) in warm water at 25 ℃, wherein the weight ratio of the camellia seed kernels to the warm water is 1: 3.5, and grinding the camellia seed kernels into slurry with the particle size less than 100 meshes by using a stone mill after soaking for 1.5 h;

(3) filtering the serous fluid obtained in the step (2) by using 120-mesh filter cloth, washing the serous fluid twice by using normal-temperature water, using the obtained filter residue as camellia cake feed, keeping the water content at 4.5 wt%, the crude fat content at 16.0 wt%, the crude protein content at 8.2 wt%, the crude ash content at 2.6 wt% and the crude fiber content at 18.1 wt%, standing and fermenting the obtained filtrate at 40 ℃ until obvious small pores appear in the top-layer suspension, separating the fermentation liquor to obtain the top-layer suspension, middle-layer filtrate and bottom-layer liquid, wherein the bottom-layer liquid can be discarded, and the middle-layer filtrate is filtered to obtain tea soap organic liquid;

Example 3

(1) drying picked camellia seeds at low temperature, storing for 320 days at normal temperature (25 ℃), and removing shells to obtain camellia seed kernels; putting the obtained camellia seed kernels into a pulping machine for crushing;

(2) soaking the camellia seed kernels crushed in the step (1) in warm water at 35 ℃, wherein the weight ratio of the camellia seed kernels to the warm water is 1: 4.5, and grinding the camellia seed kernels into slurry with the particle size less than 100 meshes by using a stone mill after soaking for 1 hour;

(3) filtering the serous fluid obtained in the step (2) by using 120-mesh filter cloth, washing the serous fluid twice by using normal-temperature water, using the obtained filter residue as camellia cake feed, keeping the water content at 3.8 wt%, the crude fat content at 15.9 wt%, the crude protein content at 7.95 wt%, the crude ash content at 2.1 wt% and the crude fiber content at 17.8 wt%, standing and fermenting the obtained filtrate at 50 ℃ until obvious small pores appear in the top-layer suspension, separating the fermentation liquor to obtain the top-layer suspension, middle-layer filtrate and bottom-layer liquid, wherein the bottom-layer liquid can be discarded, and the middle-layer filtrate is filtered to obtain tea soap organic liquid;

(4) and (4) heating the top layer suspension obtained in the step (3) in a container to evaporate water, continuously heating until camellia oil appears in the top layer suspension after the water is completely evaporated, stopping heating when the color of oil residue turns to be brown, and filtering and separating the oil residue and the camellia oil to obtain the camellia oil crude oil.

Example 4

The difference from example 1 is that step (2) is: putting the camellia seed kernels crushed in the step (1) into partial tea soap organic liquid obtained by filtering the middle-layer filtrate obtained by separating the fermentation liquor in the step (3) in the example 1, namely mother liquor, heating to 30 ℃ for soaking, wherein the weight ratio of the camellia seed kernels to the middle-layer filtrate is 1: 4, the soaking time is 1h, and then grinding with a stone mill into slurry with the size less than 100 meshes.

And (4) using the filter residue obtained in the step (3) as camellia cake feed, wherein the water content is 3.6 wt%, the crude fat content is 15.6 wt%, the crude protein content is 8.1 wt%, the crude ash content is 2.3 wt%, and the crude fiber content is 16.5 wt%.

Example 5

The difference from the embodiment 4 is that in the step (2), the camellia seed kernel is soaked by using a mixed solution of a part of tea soap organic solution obtained after filtering the middle-layer filtrate, namely mother solution, and water, wherein the volume ratio of the middle-layer filtrate to the water is 1: 3.

And (4) using the filter residue obtained in the step (3) as camellia cake feed, wherein the water content is 3.4 wt%, the crude fat content is 15.0 wt%, the crude protein content is 8.05 wt%, the crude ash content is 2.1 wt%, and the crude fiber content is 16.3 wt%.

Example 6

The difference from example 5 is that the volume ratio of the mother liquor to water in step (2) is 1: 1.

And (3) using the filter residue obtained in the step (3) as camellia cake feed, wherein the water content is 3.9 wt%, the crude fat content is 17.16 wt%, the crude protein content is 8.2 wt%, the crude ash content is 2.7 wt%, and the crude fiber content is 17.0 wt%.

Example 7

The difference from example 5 is that the volume ratio of the mother liquor to water in step (2) is 3: 1.

And (3) using the filter residue obtained in the step (3) as camellia cake feed, wherein the water content is 4.6 wt%, the crude fat content is 16.6 wt%, the crude protein content is 8.1 wt%, the crude ash content is 2.5 wt%, and the crude fiber content is 15.0 wt%.

Example 8

The difference from example 1 is that "30 ℃ C" in step (2) was replaced with "40 ℃.

And (4) using the filter residue obtained in the step (3) as camellia cake feed, wherein the water content is 4.2 wt%, the crude fat content is 17.4 wt%, the crude protein content is 7.9 wt%, the crude ash content is 2.7 wt%, and the crude fiber content is 17 wt%.

Example 9

The difference from example 1 is that the soaking time in step (2) was changed from 1h to 3 h.

And (4) using the filter residue obtained in the step (3) as camellia cake feed, wherein the water content is 4.0 wt%, the crude fat content is 15.3 wt%, the crude protein content is 7.8 wt%, the crude ash content is 2.6 wt%, and the crude fiber content is 17.1 wt%.

Effect verification

The color of the camellia oil crude oil prepared in the embodiments 1-9 is observed, and the odor of the camellia oil crude oil is identified, so that the camellia oil crude oil prepared in each embodiment is transparent and clear in color and has no peculiar smell.

The acid value and the peroxide value of the camellia oil crude oil prepared in the examples 1 to 9 are measured: wherein the acid value is determined according to GB 5009.229-2016 (determination of acid value in food safety national standard food), and the peroxide value is determined according to GB 5009.227-2016 (determination of peroxide value in food safety national standard food);

the crude oil ratios of the camellia oils of examples 1 to 9 were measured, and the results are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

As can be seen from the table 1, when the crushed camellia seed kernels are soaked, a certain proportion of tea soap organic liquid (mother liquid) obtained by filtering fermented middle-layer filtrate is added, so that the crude oil rate can be improved.

The content of squalene, sterol and vitamin E in the camellia oil crude oil prepared in examples 1 to 9 was measured, and the results are shown in table 2:

TABLE 2

Group of	Squalene/(mg/kg)	Sterol/(mg/kg)	Vitamin E/(mg/kg)
				Example 1	74.3	1021	121
Example 2	75.1	1019	123
				Example 3	74.9	1023	122
Example 4	80.8	1066	136
				Example 5	81.2	1085	138
Example 6	80.5	1037	134
				Example 7	80.6	1039	133
Example 8	74.5	1026	119
				Example 9	75.6	1028	120

The results of the examination and measurement of tea saponin, organic matter, total nitrogen, pH, total phosphorus, total potassium, crude protein and organic acid in the tea soap organic solution prepared in examples 1 to 9 are shown in table 3.

TABLE 3

As can be seen from table 3, when the crushed camellia seed kernels are soaked, different proportions of organic tea soap liquid (mother liquid) obtained by filtering fermented middle layer filtrate are added, and the organic tea soap liquid obtained by production has different contents of components such as tea saponin, organic matters, total nitrogen, pH value, total phosphorus, total potassium, crude protein and organic acid, wherein the content of each component in the organic tea soap liquid obtained in example 5 is the highest.

The preparation process of the invention does not adopt high temperature condition, so that the nutrient elements in the camellia seeds can be well preserved, and the problem that the content of the noxious substances such as benzo (alpha) pyrene is increased due to high temperature does not exist; other solvents are not adopted in the whole preparation process, so that the problem that the purchasing desire of consumers is influenced by solvent residues is avoided.

Deacidifying the camellia oil crude oil prepared in the embodiment 1-9, which comprises the following specific steps: placing the solution in a crude oil pot, controlling the oil temperature between 65 and 85 ℃ (heating with slow stirring and about 80 ℃ in winter), adding 11 jin of water into 1 kg of alkali, rapidly stirring when adding alkali solution, and slowly adding the alkali solution; adding saline water after one hour, boiling the saline water, quickly stirring, slowly discharging the saline water, adding the saline water again after 5 hours, wherein the weight of the saline water in the first time is 1 kilogram lower than that of alkali, the concentration of the saline water is 25 percent, adding 1 kilogram of salt in the second time for separating oil from slag, and adding 1 kilogram of salt for preventing acid reversal, discharging the slag after oil cooling, and slowly discharging for multiple times.

Through detection, the refined camellia oil obtained by performing the deacidification treatment on the crude camellia oil prepared in the embodiments 1 to 9 meets the national standard of GB/T11765-2018 camellia seed oil.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention, the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention equivalent or change within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of camellia oil crude oil is characterized by comprising the following steps: removing shell of camellia seed, pulverizing, soaking, grinding into slurry, filtering, fermenting the filtrate, separating fermentation liquid, heating the obtained top suspension, and filtering to obtain camellia oil crude oil;

the temperature of a soaking solution used for soaking is 25-35 ℃, the solid-liquid ratio of soaking is 1: 3.5-4.5, and the soaking time is 1-1.5 h;

the soak solution is a mixed solution of tea soap organic liquid and water obtained by filtering middle-layer filtrate obtained by separating fermentation liquor, and the volume ratio of the tea soap organic liquid to the water is 1: 3;

the fermentation temperature is 40-50 ℃, and fermentation is carried out until air holes appear in the top layer suspension;

heating until the color of the oil residue becomes brown;

and deacidifying the crude camellia oil to obtain refined camellia oil.

2. The preparation method of the tea soap organic liquid is characterized by comprising the following steps: removing shell of camellia seed, pulverizing, soaking, pulping and filtering, fermenting the obtained filtrate and separating fermentation liquor, and filtering the obtained middle layer filtrate to obtain the tea soap organic liquid;

the soak solution is a mixed solution of tea soap organic liquid and water obtained by filtering middle-layer filtrate obtained by separating fermentation liquor, and the volume ratio of the tea soap organic liquid to the water is 1: 3.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the camellia seed has a storage time of 320d or less.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the storage temperature is 0 to 8 ℃.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the temperature of the soaking solution used for soaking is 25-35 ℃, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the soaking solution is 1 to (3.5-4.5), and the soaking time is 1-1.5 h.

6. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the fermentation temperature is 40-50 ℃ until the top layer suspension has pores.