CN1085521A - Hoisting crane auto-folder arm - Google Patents

Hoisting crane auto-folder arm Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1085521A
CN1085521A CN92112830.4A CN92112830A CN1085521A CN 1085521 A CN1085521 A CN 1085521A CN 92112830 A CN92112830 A CN 92112830A CN 1085521 A CN1085521 A CN 1085521A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
crane arm
crane
arm
intermediate member
connector
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Granted
Application number
CN92112830.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1031457C (en
Inventor
弗朗索斯·阿奎诺
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Manitowoc Crane Group France SAS
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Potain SA
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Publication of CN1031457C publication Critical patent/CN1031457C/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/64Jibs
    • B66C23/68Jibs foldable or otherwise adjustable in configuration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/26Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail
    • B66C23/34Self-erecting cranes, i.e. with hoisting gear adapted for crane erection purposes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

Crane arm (10) comprises the folding intermediate member (12) of crane arm bearing (11), crane arm and crane arm top (13), and highlands such as their (at 14,15 places) and its underarms are hinged.It is connected in crane arm bearing (11) around the motor-driven mechanism that jointed shaft (14) rotates to intermediate member (12) by control.Crane arm top (13) is connected in crane arm bearing (11) by the connector (40) with three articulation pieces (41,42,43), the central unit (41) of connector (40) is articulated in the attachment point of intermediate member (12), and crane arm top (13) is rotated around jointed shaft (15).
The present invention is used for installing automatically tower crane.

Description

Hoisting crane auto-folder arm
The present invention relates to automatic erecting crane field, tower crane field especially for use in building ground and municipal works building site, hoisting crane can frequently fold, need not manual operation, can be under rapid and safe as far as possible condition, transfer to another building site from a building site, or move to another riding position from a riding position.More precisely, the present invention relates to the auto-folder arm of this class hoisting crane, more particularly, the present invention relates to the crane arm draw off gear that constitutes by several members, can adjust member with crane arm and be transformed into the folding position from control position, so that the global transfer hoisting crane, vice versa is transformed into control position from the folding position.
No matter be the folding rod tower crane to be installed automatically or the expansion link tower crane is installed automatically, all have many schemes that crane arm is folded in the position that hoisting crane shifts.
According to first kind of scheme, for example French Patent (FRP) 2306158 is described, crane arm comprises two members, promptly with expansion link end pivotally attached crane arm bearing and with crane arm bearing front end pivotally attached crane arm top, and the hawser of certain-length is connected to the attachment point of rod end the attachment point at crane arm top, so that when bar was flexible, crane arm was transformed into the control position of adjustment from the folding position, and vice versa.Described crane arm folding device needs hoisting crane to dispose one group of push rod and be used for rising the pull bar of crane arm when bar is flexible.In this embodiment, the hawser of certain-length and one group of push rod and pull bar must periodic adjustment, particularly will adapt to the plastic elongation that hawser produced during this period.
Second kind of scheme on time, for example French Patent (FRP) 2550176 is described, the crane arm that is hinged on rod end is made up of the two or several members that are hinged, controlled by the bar that a member of a described connecting device is connected to bar or crane arm member termination attachment point with the adaptive rod member connecting device of each articulation piece, guarantee under the telescopic situation of bar the folding and unfolding of crane arm when crane arm rises or packs up when bar is flexible or under situation in addition.Opposite with aforementioned means, this device can obtain and keep good accuracy rate at this moment; Yet it has some limitation, can only be used for flexible bar crane, because when bar when not being telescopic, crane arm is controlled, will to burton traction steel rope of cable be installed at hawser after the stop with between the chassis of hoisting crane and with winch control traction steel rope of cable is installed, this just makes enforcement complicated and impair the accuracy rate of device.
According to the third scheme, for example French Patent (FRP) 2368430 is described, is made up of at least two crane arm members that are hinged by the crane arm folding rod with rod end pivotally attached crane arm.In the described embodiment of this patent documentation, the effect of folding rod is that the second portion of crane arm is folded into first from the side, and itself folds on the bar of hoisting crane so that shift.The folding rod of this embodiment is not considered folding and unfolding crane arm on vertical surface.
From above-mentioned situation, the invention provides a kind of embodiment of the folding arm of hoisting crane, thisly foldingly comprise folding intermediate bar, be intended to guarantee folding and unfolding crane arm on vertical surface and the restriction that is not subjected to other installation procedure of hoisting crane, thereby avoided above-mentioned various defective.
For this reason, crane arm of the present invention
Comprise at least two main crane arm members by known manner, wherein have crane arm bearing and long crane arm top and the folding intermediate member of crane arm that at least one is short to be configured between two main crane arm members, these crane arm members are hinged around not multilevel axle with highlands such as its underarms; Described crane jib essential characteristic is, the folding intermediate member of described or each crane arm is connected on the adjacent crane arm main part around the mechanical component that its described main part jointed shaft rotates by this intermediate member of control, and another adjacent crane arm main part is connected on the aforementioned main part by the connecting device that has three articulation pieces at least, wherein central unit or a central unit also are hinged on the attachment point of the folding intermediate member of crane arm, impel described another crane arm main part to rotate around the axle that it is articulated in intermediate member equally.
According to simple embodiment of the present invention, crane arm only comprises that two main parts are crane arm bearing and crane arm top, and folding intermediate member of crane arm that is configured in the uniqueness between crane arm bearing and the crane arm top, the folding intermediate member of crane arm is connected on the crane arm bearing by aforementioned mechanical component, and the connecting device with three articulated sections is connected to the crane arm top on the crane arm bearing, and the central unit of connecting device also is hinged on the attachment point of the folding intermediate member of crane arm.
Therefore, mechanical component direct control crane arm intermediate member is with respect to the rotation of crane arm bearing, connecting device makes the rotation of crane arm top do with respect to intermediate member simultaneously by above-mentioned motion, causes crane arm to be packed up fully, and the crane arm top fold is on the crane arm bearing.
According to most preferred embodiment, the mechanical component that the folding intermediate member of crane arm is connected on the crane arm bearing is a reversible hydraulic actuator, its housing is hinged on the end of crane arm bearing upper arm, and its bar is hinged on the Xiang Duan of crane arm intermediate member, and vice versa.
According to a kind of embodiment, the folding intermediate member of crane arm comprises that two are vertically staggered and are connected to Xiang Duan on the described member underarm by the two triangle parts in a side, its diff-H of first top is seldom greater than the height on another top, the housing of being furnished with bar or ACTUATOR, another top are furnished with the articulation piece that makes the connecting device central unit that the crane arm top is connected with the crane arm bearing.
According to another embodiment, the crane arm bearing has individual double bracing part at its front end, by forming with respect to two parts of crane arm longitudinal midline plane symmetry, its diff-H seldom equals the height of crane arm, the jointed shaft of its top-supported connecting device first parts one end.
According to another embodiment, connecting device with three articulated sections comprises one first single pole or many bars, being connected to the jointed shaft that is configured in central unit first top by described double bracing part jointed shaft supporting, that be configured on the crane arm bearing, also comprise two bar knees that form described central authorities, its elbow is furnished with the articulation piece on folding intermediate member second top of crane arm, also comprise one second single pole or many bars, the jointed shaft that is configured in the central unit other end is connected to the part that is fixedly hinged that is configured in upper arm rear end, crane arm top.
No matter the structure of crane arm folding device how, this device can design like this: when the bar of ACTUATOR was withdrawn, the crane arm top was folded on the crane arm bearing fully, and these two members are almost parallel this moment; When the bar of ACTUATOR stretches out fully, can adjust crane arm bearing, intermediate member and crane arm top, forming a kind of level batching arm, promptly a kind of crane arm, batch truck can move along it, moves on adjusted three crane arm underarms.In addition, under the situation of level batching arm, crane arm device of the present invention can be regained loosening hoist cable and distribution cable when crane arm is folding, and no matter where the crane arm top is in respect to the crane arm bearing.
From taking it by and large, can adopt a kind of crane arm, it is not equipped with the restriction of the hoisting crane installation procedure of this crane arm, and the energy automatic deploying and retracting can be equipped any hoisting crane.
In a word, by following description, with reference to the accompanying drawing that the embodiment of described automatic collapsible type crane arm is shown as unrestricted embodiment, the present invention can better be understood;
Fig. 1 is the lateral plan that is in automatic erecting crane control position, that be equipped with folding arm according to the invention;
Crane arm folding device when Fig. 2 illustrates the crane arm expansion with lateral plan in more detail;
Fig. 3 is that the described crane arm consistent with Fig. 2 is in the expanded position fragmentary top plan view;
Fig. 4,5 and 6 is the lateral plans that are similar to Fig. 2, and folding some stages of crane arm are shown;
But tower crane shown in Figure 1 comprises the chassis 1 of a fixing or pulley by known manner, fixing or slidably chassis 1 by orienting device 2 supporting swivel bases 3, swivel base 3 is furnished with pouring weight 4 at the rear portion, forwardly be hinged with folding rod 6 around horizontal shaft 5, folding rod 6 is made of bottom bar 7 and upper boom 8, and they are hinged around horizontal shaft 9 on its rear surface.This hoisting crane is furnished with the folding batching arm 10 of the present invention, batching arm 10 is made of three continuous members at crane arm bearing 11, the folding intermediate member 12 of crane arm and crane arm top, and they interconnect (definition of D score arm is limited with reference to the crane arm that is in horizontal service position) by highlands such as articulation piece 14,15 and its underarms around horizontal shaft.
Upper boom 8 is adjusted guys 16 by two and is connected to swivel base 3, adjusts guy 16 symmetries in the both sides of bar 6, and respectively round the horizontal shaft 17 that is positioned at upper boom 8 bottoms and in addition hinged round the horizontal shaft 18 that is configured in swivel base 3 rear portions.
Crane arm 10 is articulated in the top of bar 6 and is held in place by bar 20 around horizontal shaft 19, bar 20 makes the attachment point 21 of crane arm bearing 11 upper arm 22 be connected with the top 23 of rigid member 24, rigid member 24 tilts to the hoisting crane rear portion, be articulated in the bottom of crane arm bearing 11 around horizontal shaft 25, and be held in place by bar after the stop 26, low bar 26 makes the end 23 of this rigid member 24 be connected with the attachment point 27 that is configured in swivel base 3 rear portions.
Hoisting crane is installed, and promptly adjusting lever 6, rises and launch crane arm 10.As shown in Figure 2, the crane arm 10 that is common triangular-section comprises a upper arm 22,28 that is respectively crane arm bearing 11 and crane arm top 13, two underarms 29,30,31 that are respectively the bottom, formation triangular-section at folding intermediate member 12 of crane arm bearing 11, crane arm and crane arm top 13, and one make upper arm 22,28 and underarm 29,30,31 interconnect triangle rod member device 32 with formation rigid triangle cross section.
The smaller crane arm intermediate member 12 of length comprises two tops 33,34 with respect to the length at crane arm bearing 11 and crane arm top 13, vertically staggers in top 33,34, is connected on the underarm 30 by triangle rod member 35, and therefore similar height staggers.The highest top 33 that is positioned on the crane arm bearing 11 is configured on the midline plane of crane arm 10, and the top 34 that is positioned on the crane arm top 13 is double-plys, almost be configured in the upright position of the underarm 30 of the folding intermediate member 12 of described crane arm, and the upper arm 28 with crane arm top 13 is the same high when the member of crane arm 10 is adjusted.
The folding device of crane arm 10 of the present invention comprises bidirectional hydraulic ACTUATOR 36, its housing 37 is articulated in the end of the upper arm 22 of crane arm bearing 11 at 38 places, its bar 39 is articulated in the item end 33 of crane arm folding component 12, also comprise connector 40, connector 40 is made up of two parts, the balanced configuration with respect to the longitudinal midline plane of crane arm 10 of these two parts, each is made of a knee 41 and two two bars 42,43, and two bars 42,43 make crane arm top 13 be connected on the crane arm bearing 11 by crane arm folding component 12.Knee 41 comprises two poles 44,45, with crane arm 10 inside in obtuse angle, knee 41 is articulated in the top 34 of the folding intermediate member 12 of crane arm at the height of its elbow 46.The first pair of bar 42 connects the top of strut member 49 respectively by two articulation pieces 47,48, and strut member 49 is fixed on the front end of crane arm bearing 11 and the free end of knee 41 back stays 44.Consistent with the configuration of bar 42, strut member 49 is double layer support parts, by forming with respect to two parts of hoisting crane longitudinal midline plane symmetry configuration; The diff-H of double layer support part 49 seldom equals the height of crane arm 10.Second pair of bar 43 connected the rear end of the free end and crane arm top 13 upper arm 28 of knee 41 front support rods 45 respectively by two articulation pieces 50,51.
Shown in Fig. 2 and 3, the member 11,12,13 of crane arm 10 is in a straight line, the bar 39 of ACTUATOR 36 stretches out housing 37 fully, the member in-line of the upper arm 28 at similar and crane arm top 13 and the connector 40 formed by the front support rod 45 of second bar 43 and knee 41, so that during work, the longitudinal force on crane arm 10 tops is sent to crane arm bearing 11 continuously from crane arm top 13.
From the expanded position shown in Fig. 2 and 3, the folding of the crane arm 10 shown in Fig. 4 to 6 undertaken by the mode of stating;
Bidirectional hydraulic ACTUATOR 36 is along the retracted orientation action, and bar 39 enters the housing 37 of described ACTUATOR 36, is shortened by the distance between the articulation piece 33,38 of folding intermediate member 13 of crane arm and 11 supportings of crane arm bearing respectively.Therefore, the assembly that is made of two members 12,13 of crane arm rotates around the articulation piece 14 of crane arm 10.Simultaneously, also shorten by the distance between the articulation piece 47,51 of crane arm bearing 11 and 13 supportings of crane arm top respectively, drive knee 41 and rotate, thereby drive of articulation piece 15 rotations of crane arm top 13 around crane arm 10 around the articulation piece 34 of the folding intermediate member 12 of crane arm.
Obviously, rotate around the articulation piece 14 and 15 of crane arm 10 respectively simultaneously at folding intermediate member 12 of crane arm and crane arm top 13, by the midway location of Figure 4 and 5, is positioned at fully on the crane arm bearing 11 until crane arm top 13.
By final configuration shown in Figure 6 as seen, 13 upsets of crane arm top also remain on and crane arm bearing 11 similar parallel positions, and the folding intermediate member 12 of crane arm overturns and remains on and crane arm bearing 11 similar vertical positions.Under these conditions, obtain hoisting crane and shift required minimum fold height, the length difference that just must make crane arm fold intermediate member 12 seldom equals the height sum at crane arm bearing 11 and crane arm top 13.
Self-evident, launch crane arm 10 from the folding position of Fig. 6, will move along the directional control ACTUATOR 36 do commutations of stretching out of bar 39, so that, arrive the final expanded position of Fig. 2 and 3 continuously by the midway location of Fig. 5 and 4.
Manipulation to ACTUATOR 36 is not influenced by other lifting activities of hoisting crane can, and the folding of crane arm 10 can carry out in crane arm 10 and any position of being furnished with the hoisting crane of this crane arm.
Certainly, as described, the present invention is not limited to unique embodiment of the above hoisting crane automatic collapsible type crane arm as an example; On the contrary, it comprises all change example and various application based on same principle.Therefore, the following stated does not depart from the scope of the present invention:
-adopting the motor-driven mechanism of telescopic action formula except the bidirectional hydraulic ACTUATOR, nature can adopt the equivalent such as pneumatic or electronic ACTUATOR, tooth bar or worm-and-wheel gear;
-connector is made into and may be made up of the articulation piece more than three;
-changing the number of ACTUATOR, rod member etc., these members can be single, two or more;
-reversed arrangement, crane arm bearing and crane arm top exchange with respect to the device of motor-driven mechanism and connector in this sense;
-identical principle is applied to the crane arm be made up of the member more than three, but always have some main crane arm members and some short intermediate members, the above folding device links to each other with each intermediate member;
-same principle of folding crane arm is used for the hoisting crane of other types, as flexible rod-type tower crane, the tower hoisting crane of member build-up type, folding jib crane or the like.

Claims (10)

1, hoisting crane auto-folder arm, comprise at least two main crane arm members, the smaller crane arm top (13) of crane arm bearing (11) and length is wherein arranged, comprise that also at least one length is less, be configured in the folding intermediate member (12) of two crane arms between the main crane arm member, all crane arm members (11,12,13) all with its underarm (29,30,31) etc. the highland is around the axle (14 of similar level, 15) be hinged, it is characterized in that, the folding intermediate member (12) of the folding intermediate member of crane arm or each crane arm is connected with adjacent crane arm main part (11) by mechanical component (36), mechanical component (36) is controlled this intermediate member (12) and is rotated around the jointed shaft (14) of itself and described main part (11), and another adjacent crane arm main part (13) is connected with described main part (11) by connector (40), connector (40) has three articulation pieces (41 at least, 42,43), wherein central unit (41) also (at 34 places) be articulated in the attachment point of the folding intermediate member (12) of crane arm, therefore make described another crane arm main part (13) around its jointed shaft (15) rotation with intermediate member (12).
2, hoisting crane auto-folder arm according to claim 1, by two main parts be crane arm bearing (11) and crane arm top (13) and be configured in crane arm bearing (11) and lifting arm (13) between the folding intermediate member (12) of crane arm formed, it is characterized in that, crane arm folds intermediate member (12) and is connected on the crane arm bearing (11) by described mechanical component (36), and have three articulation pieces (41,42,43) connector (40) makes crane arm top (13) be connected with crane arm bearing (11), and the central member (41) of this connector (40) also is articulated in the attachment point of the folding intermediate member (12) of crane arm.
3, according to the hoisting crane auto-folder arm of claim 2, it is characterized in that, the mechanism member that the folding intermediate member (12) of crane arm is connected to crane arm bearing (11) is bidirectional hydraulic ACTUATOR (36), its housing (37) (at 38 places) is articulated in the end of crane arm bearing (11) upper arm (22), its bar (39) is articulated in the top (33) of the folding intermediate member (12) of crane arm, and vice versa.
4, hoisting crane auto-folder arm according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, crane arm folds intermediate member (12) and comprises two tops (33,34), two tops (33,34) vertically stagger, be connected in the underarm (30) of described member (12) by the double-deck triangle part in side (35), the diff-H on top (33) is seldom greater than the height of top (34), first top (33) is furnished with the end of bar (39) or ACTUATOR (36) housing (37), second end (34) is furnished with the articulation piece of the central unit (41) of connector (40), and connector (40) makes crane arm top (13) be connected with crane arm bearing (11).
5, according to the hoisting crane auto-folder arm of arbitrary claim in the claim 2 to 4, it is characterized in that, crane arm bearing (11) has double bracing part (49) at its front end, double bracing part (49) is made up of two parts with respect to the vertical midline plane balanced configuration of crane arm (10), its diff-H seldom equals the height of crane arm (10), the jointed shaft (47) of first parts (42) one ends of its top supporting connector (40).
6, hoisting crane auto-folder arm according to claim 4 and 5, it is characterized in that, connector (40) with three articulation pieces comprises first single pole or many bars (42), this bar (42) makes by described double bracing part (49) supporting, the same jointed shaft (48) that is configured in pole (44) end of the knee (41) that constitutes central unit of jointed shaft (47) that is configured on the crane arm bearing (11) is connected, the elbow (46) of knee (41) holds the articulation piece on folding intermediate member (12) second tops (34) of crane arm, connector (40) also comprises second single pole or many bars (43), and this bar (43) makes the jointed shaft (50) of configuration another pole of central unit (41) (45) end be connected with the part that is fixedly hinged (51) that is configured in upper arm (28) rear end of crane arm end (13).
According to the hoisting crane auto-folder arm of claim 6, it is characterized in that 7, two poles (44,45) of knee (41) and crane arm (10) inside are in obtuse angle.
8, according to the hoisting crane auto-folder arm of claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that, connector (40) comprises two parts with respect to the longitudinal midline plane symmetry configuration of crane arm (10), and each part of this connector is made of knee (41) and two two bars (42,43).
According to the hoisting crane auto-folder arm of arbitrary claim in the claim 2 to 8, it is characterized in that 9, crane arm folds the height sum that length difference that intermediate member (12) has seldom equals crane arm bearing (11) and crane arm end (13).
According to the hoisting crane auto-folder arm of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 9, it is characterized in that 10, it is hinged on the top of collapsible or telescopic bar (6) around horizontal shaft (19), to constitute automatic lifting tower crane.
CN92112830.4A 1991-10-02 1992-09-30 Fleche a repliage automatise pour grue Expired - Lifetime CN1031457C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9112383 1991-10-02
FR9112383A FR2682097A1 (en) 1991-10-02 1991-10-02 AUTOMATED FOLDING BOOM FOR CRANE.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1085521A true CN1085521A (en) 1994-04-20
CN1031457C CN1031457C (en) 1996-04-03

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN92112830.4A Expired - Lifetime CN1031457C (en) 1991-10-02 1992-09-30 Fleche a repliage automatise pour grue

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EP (1) EP0536060B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2793932B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1031457C (en)
AT (1) ATE108166T1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ300292A3 (en)
DE (1) DE69200225T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2056007T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2682097A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2083473C1 (en)

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CN105366560A (en) * 2015-11-02 2016-03-02 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 Lifting arm assembly of ship crane and ship crane
CN105366560B (en) * 2015-11-02 2017-08-08 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 The arm component and ship loop wheel machine of a kind of ship loop wheel machine
CN107651582A (en) * 2016-07-25 2018-02-02 利勃海尔工厂埃英根有限公司 Folded top hinged block and the method for installing folded top
CN106966343A (en) * 2017-05-22 2017-07-21 大连船舶工程技术研究中心有限公司 Elevating Working mechanism and multi-joint elevate Working mechanism for shipbuilding
CN106966343B (en) * 2017-05-22 2022-07-08 达思泰克(大连)船舶科技有限公司 Elevation operation mechanism for ship construction and multi-linkage elevation operation mechanism
CN111573532A (en) * 2019-02-19 2020-08-25 利勃海尔爱茵根有限公司 Folding suspended counterweight guiding device for crane
CN114955894A (en) * 2022-06-13 2022-08-30 中建三局集团有限公司 Top-added-joint self-lifting type folding tower crane
WO2023240979A1 (en) * 2022-06-13 2023-12-21 中建三局集团有限公司 Self-lifting foldable tower crane capable of adding sections atop

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FR2682097A1 (en) 1993-04-09
CZ300292A3 (en) 1993-04-14
DE69200225T2 (en) 1994-10-27
DE69200225D1 (en) 1994-08-11
RU2083473C1 (en) 1997-07-10
ATE108166T1 (en) 1994-07-15
EP0536060A1 (en) 1993-04-07
FR2682097B1 (en) 1995-06-02
JP2793932B2 (en) 1998-09-03
ES2056007T3 (en) 1994-09-01
EP0536060B1 (en) 1994-07-06
CN1031457C (en) 1996-04-03
JPH05213583A (en) 1993-08-24

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