CN108539581B - Metal-based graphene film cathode gas spark switch - Google Patents
Metal-based graphene film cathode gas spark switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN108539581B CN108539581B CN201810503670.3A CN201810503670A CN108539581B CN 108539581 B CN108539581 B CN 108539581B CN 201810503670 A CN201810503670 A CN 201810503670A CN 108539581 B CN108539581 B CN 108539581B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
- H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
- H01T1/22—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap by the shape or the composition of the electrodes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metal-based graphene film cathode gas spark switch, and belongs to the technical field of pulse power. The switch comprises a metal-based graphene film cathode, insulating gas, a metal anode and a switch cavity. The whole switch is in an axial symmetry mode, and the metal-based graphene film cathode is formed by growing a graphene film on the surface of a metal cathode by a chemical vapor deposition method. The metal cathode and the metal anode are both in a Bruce shape, the gap distance between the metal-based graphene film cathode and the metal-based graphene film anode can be adjusted, the type and the pressure of the insulating gas can be changed, the left side of the metal-based graphene film cathode is switched to be connected with the pulse power device, and the right side of the metal-based graphene film anode is switched to be connected with the pulse power device. The invention is applied to the pulse power device, the working voltage of the gas spark switch is hundreds of kilovolts, the problem of large dispersion of the breakdown voltage of the gas spark switch is solved, the reliability of the switch is improved while the structure of the switch is simple, and the stable operation of the pulse power device is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pulse power, and relates to a metal-based graphene film cathode gas spark switch.
Background
In the field of pulse power technology, switching technology has a particularly important position. It not only determines the output characteristics of the pulse power device, but also even the key to the success or failure of the pulse power system. The gas switch has the characteristics of high withstand voltage, large through current and simple structure, and is widely applied; however, the switch has poor stability in operation and low repetition frequency, and is difficult to meet the requirements of high repetition frequency and high stability working occasions. The research results of the predecessors summarize the influence rule of factors such as gas switch electrode materials, electric field distribution, surface morphology, gas state, voltage types and the like on the breakdown characteristics, and the understanding of the working mechanism of the gas switch is improved in a breakthrough manner.
In the aspect of electrode materials, the research of Rovixi et al considers that graphite is used as a high-current switch electrode, and the static self-breakdown voltage stability and the service life of an insulator are both obviously superior to those of metal (stainless steel, tungsten-copper alloy and copper alloy) electrodes; under a slightly nonuniform field, the switch spacing is 5mm, and the average self-breakdown voltage is 43.6kV and the relative standard deviation is 1.28% when the drying air pressure is 0.25 MPa. The literature research has found that there is very little research on gas switching of nanomaterial electrodes. The carbon nano material has obvious emission stability advantage in vacuum electron emission application. The carbon nano-tube found in 90 years shows great application value in the field emission field, the field emission current of the carbon nano-tube is more than thousand times of that of the traditional field emission material (such as diamond), and the emission current density of a single CNT reaches 107A/cm2. The star material graphene discovered in 2004 should theoretically have better field emission performance due to its super excellent optical, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties, as well as extremely high length-diameter ratio and more emission edges. And the research of applying the graphene material to a high-current electron emission cathode and a gas switch is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: in order to solve the problem of high breakdown voltage dispersity of a high-voltage gas spark switch, a metal-based graphene film cathode gas spark switch is provided.
The technical scheme of the invention provides a metal-based graphene film cathode gas spark switch, which comprises a switch cavity, insulating gas filled in the switch cavity, a switch cathode and a switch anode, wherein the switch cathode and the switch anode are positioned in the switch cavity;
it is characterized in that:
the switch cathode and the switch anode are Bruce section electrodes (Bruce electrodes) which are respectively fixed on two opposite walls of the switch cavity;
the switch cathode is a metal-based cathode, n layers of graphene films are deposited on the surface of the switch cathode, wherein n is more than or equal to 1, and the graphene films are grown by a chemical vapor deposition method.
The graphene film is a hexagonal honeycomb two-dimensional structure consisting of carbon atoms, preferably, the thickness of each layer of graphene film is less than 1nm, n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5, and the coverage rate of each layer of graphene film covering the surface of the metal-based cathode is more than 50%.
Preferably, the switch cavity comprises an outer cylinder, and a left insulating support plate and a right insulating support plate which are arranged at two opening ends of the outer cylinder; the switch cathode is coaxially matched with the left insulating support plate, and the outer side of the switch cathode is fixed by a left electrode fixing ring; the switch anode is coaxially matched with the right-side insulating support plate, the outer side of the switch anode is fixed through the right-side electrode fixing ring, and the thickness of the outer cylinder is determined by the pressure of insulating gas in the switch.
Preferably, the center positions of the left insulating support plate and the right insulating support plate are provided with through holes matched with the switch cathode and the switch anode base; bases of the switch cathode and the switch anode respectively penetrate through the through holes to be fixed on the left side insulating support plate and the right side insulating support plate.
Preferably, insulating sealing rings are arranged between the outer barrel and the left insulating support plate and between the outer barrel and the right insulating support plate, and between the left insulating support plate and the right insulating support plate and between the switch cathode and the switch anode, and the insulating sealing rings isolate insulating gas inside the switch cavity from the outside.
Preferably, the insulating sealing ring is an o-shaped sealing ring with a circular cross section, and the size of the circular ring and the size of the circular cross section are determined by the sealing structure and the form.
Preferably, the gap distance between the switch anode and the switch cathode can be adjusted through the two-side electrode fixing rings, and the maximum gap distance between the switch anode and the switch cathode does not exceed 1/3 of the outer diameter of the switch cathode or the switch anode; the left side of the switch cathode is connected with the pulse power device, and the right side of the switch anode is connected with the pulse power device.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: after the pulse power device charges the switch to a certain voltage, a quasi-uniform electric field is established between the metal-based graphene film cathode and the metal anode, the graphene film forms a plasma layer on the surface of the cathode due to the combined action of a multidimensional tip field emission structure and a surface flashover mechanism under the action of a certain strong electric field, high-density electrons are provided by the metal cathode to form a stable electron source, the stable electron source collides with insulating gas for ionization, electrons are formed to burst and develop rapidly towards the anode, the insulating gas between the cathode and the anode of the whole switch is finally caused to be completely punctured, and the working process of the switch is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a metal-based graphene film cathode gas spark switch based on excellent electrical properties of graphene, which is applied to a pulse power device, wherein the working voltage of the gas spark switch is hundreds of kilovolts, so that the problem of high breakdown voltage dispersity of the gas spark switch is solved, the reliability of the switch is improved while the structure of the switch is simple, and the stable operation of the pulse power device is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a metal-based graphene film cathode gas spark switch according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the surface of a metal-based graphene thin film cathode.
The reference numbers in the figures are: the method comprises the following steps of 1-graphene film, 2-stainless steel anode, 3-high-purity nitrogen, 4-copper-based graphene film cathode, 6-organic glass support plate, 7-outer barrel, 8-nut, 9-sealing ring and 10-switch cavity.
Detailed Description
The following describes a metal-based graphene thin film cathode gas spark in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The metal-based graphene film cathode gas spark in the embodiment comprises four parts, namely a copper-based graphene film cathode 4, high-purity nitrogen 3, a stainless steel anode 2 and a switch cavity 10, and the whole is in an axial symmetry form.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the copper-based graphene film cathode 4 is formed by growing a plurality of graphene films 1 on the surface of a red copper cathode by a chemical vapor deposition method, wherein the thickness of the graphene film 1 is less than 1nm, the number of the graphene films is 1-5, and the coverage rate of each layer of the film is more than 50%. The copper-based graphene film cathode 4 and the stainless steel anode 2 are both in a Bruce shape, the outer diameters of the copper-based graphene film cathode 4 and the stainless steel anode 2 are both 25mm, the thicknesses of the electrodes are both 8mm, the straight opening diameters of the electrode holders are both 10mm, and the threads of the electrode holders are M8; the copper-based graphene film cathode 4 is coaxially matched with the left organic glass support plate 6, and the outer side of the copper-based graphene film cathode is connected with the left stainless steel nut 8; the stainless steel anode 2 is coaxially matched with the organic glass supporting plate 6 on the right side, and the outer side of the stainless steel anode is connected with the stainless steel nut 8 on the right side; the stainless steel outer cylinder 7 is coaxially matched with the left organic glass supporting plate and the right organic glass supporting plate 6, and the high-pressure nitrogen 3 at the inner side of the switch cavity 10 is isolated from the outside by the silicon rubber sealing ring 9.
The left and right insulating support plates 6 are both in a disc shape, the thickness of the insulating support plates is 3mm, through holes which are the same as the copper-based graphene film cathode 4 and the stainless steel anode 2 are reserved in the center of the insulating support plates, and the diameter of the through holes is 10 mm; the diameter of the excircle of the organic glass supporting plate 6 is the same as that of the inner surface of the stainless steel outer cylinder 7, and the diameters of the excircle and the inner surface are both 140 mm. The maximum pressure of the nitrogen 2 is 0.8MPa, and the thickness of the stainless steel outer cylinder 7 is 5 mm.
The gap distance between the copper-based graphene film cathode 4 and the stainless steel anode 2 can be adjusted through the stainless steel nuts 8 on the two sides, and the maximum gap distance is not more than 8 mm.
The silicon rubber sealing ring 9 is of a circular ring structure, the cross section of the silicon rubber sealing ring is circular, the outer diameter of the circular ring is 140mm, the inner diameter of the circular ring is 130mm, and the diameter of the cross section of the circular ring is 10 mm.
Under the conditions of the same switch form, loading voltage and high-purity nitrogen of 0.8MPa, when the cathode is a red copper cathode, the average value of the switch breakdown voltage is 100kV, and the relative standard deviation of the voltage amplitude is 5 percent; when the cathode is a copper-based graphene film cathode, the average value of the breakdown voltage of the switch is 80kV, the relative standard deviation of the voltage amplitude is only 1%, the dispersity is obviously reduced, the breakdown stability and the working reliability of the high-voltage gas spark switch are improved, and the stable operation of the pulse power device is ensured.
Claims (4)
1. A metal-based graphene film cathode gas spark switch comprises a switch cavity, insulating gas filled in the switch cavity, a switch cathode and a switch anode, wherein the switch cathode and the switch anode are positioned in the switch cavity;
the method is characterized in that:
the switch cathode and the switch anode are Bruce section electrodes and are respectively fixed on two opposite walls of the switch cavity;
the switch cathode is a metal-based cathode, and n layers of graphene films are deposited on the surface of the switch cathode, wherein n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5;
wherein the graphene is grown on the surface of the metal-based cathode in a horizontal manner; the thickness of each graphene film is less than 1nm, and the coverage rate of each graphene film covering the surface of the metal-based cathode reaches more than 50%; the switch cavity comprises an outer barrel, and a left insulating support plate and a right insulating support plate which are arranged at two opening ends of the outer barrel; the switch cathode is coaxially matched with the left insulating support plate, and the outer side of the switch cathode is fixed by a left electrode fixing ring; the switch anode is coaxially matched with the right insulating support plate, and the outer side of the switch anode is fixed by a right electrode fixing ring; through holes matched with the switch cathode and the switch anode base are formed in the center positions of the left insulating support plate and the right insulating support plate; bases of the switch cathode and the switch anode respectively penetrate through the through holes to be fixed on the left side insulating support plate and the right side insulating support plate.
2. The metal-based graphene thin film cathode gas spark switch of claim 1, wherein: insulating sealing rings are arranged between the outer barrel and the left insulating support plate and between the outer barrel and the right insulating support plate and between the left insulating support plate and the right insulating support plate and between the switch cathode and the switch anode.
3. The metal-based graphene thin film cathode gas spark switch of claim 2, wherein: the insulating seal ring is a seal ring with a circular cross section.
4. The metal-based graphene thin film cathode gas spark switch of claim 3, wherein: the maximum gap distance between the switch anode and the switch cathode does not exceed 1/3 of the outer diameter of the switch cathode or switch anode.
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| CN108539581B true CN108539581B (en) | 2020-06-26 |
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| CN110600999B (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2020-12-11 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Novel high-voltage large-current rotary arc switch |
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| CN106128906A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2016-11-16 | 重庆启越涌阳微电子科技发展有限公司 | Vertical type graphene film field-transmitting cathode and preparation method thereof, electrode |
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| CN103553029B (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-07-01 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Method for preparing vertical graphene-based thermal material |
| CN103779292B (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2017-03-15 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | A kind of preparation method of the chip cooling material based on Graphene |
| CN107311467A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-11-03 | 北京大学 | A kind of preparation method, Graphene glass and the photo-thermal conversion device of the photo-thermal conversion device based on Graphene glass |
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| CN101777730A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2010-07-14 | 华中科技大学 | Designing method of graphite electrode of high energy pulse gas switch |
| CN102163805A (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2011-08-24 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Remote high-voltage pulse nanosecond switch applying insulating oil |
| CN103095268A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-05-08 | 大连理工大学 | Large current high voltage trigger switch with controllable air intake |
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| CN105220214A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-01-06 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | A kind of preparation method of graphene film |
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