CN108535113B - Comprehensive determination method for deformation parameters of horizontal stratified rock mass - Google Patents
Comprehensive determination method for deformation parameters of horizontal stratified rock mass Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive determination method for deformation parameters of a horizontal stratified rock mass, and belongs to the technical field of rock mass deformation parameter testing. The method is carried out in a test hole of a construction site, and comprises the following steps of 1) preparing a test part, selecting a test position in the test hole, and preparing for a site test; 2) performing uniaxial compression test on the layered rock sample in the test hole, and determining the vertical elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the horizontal layered rock mass; 3) carrying out a vertical bearing plate test and a horizontal bearing plate test in the test hole, recording data and drawing a pressure-deformation curve; 4) carrying out numerical inverse analysis by utilizing a commercial finite element calculation program according to the uniaxial test result of the stratified rock mass and the pressure-deformation curves of the vertical bearing plate test and the horizontal bearing plate test, and finally determining 5 deformation indexes reflecting the transverse isotropy of the horizontal stratified rock mass; 5) and determining the elastic modulus of the stratified rock mass by combining the on-site rock mass structure survey result and an empirical formula so as to verify the previously determined rock mass deformation index. The invention relates to a comprehensive determination method for deformation parameters of a horizontal layered rock mass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a comprehensive determination method for deformation parameters of a horizontal stratified rock mass, and belongs to the technical field of rock mass deformation parameter testing.
Background
The method is different from homogeneous rock masses in the construction of tunnels or roadways, and the mechanical property anisotropy characteristics of the laminar rock masses are obvious, and the independent variables of rock mass deformation parameters are more and difficult to measure. At present, no method capable of accurately measuring deformation parameters of the stratified rock mass exists, and reliable basic data are provided for engineering design and construction of the stratified rock mass.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive determination method of deformation parameters of a horizontal layered rock mass based on the combination of uniaxial compression test, on-site rigid bearing plate test and numerical inversion of the rock mass,
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a comprehensive determination method for deformation parameters of a horizontal stratified rock mass is carried out in a test hole of a construction site and comprises the following steps,
1) preparing a test part, selecting a test position in the test hole, and preparing for a field test;
2) carrying out uniaxial compression test on the layered rock sample in the test hole, recording an axial pressure-deformation curve and an axial deformation-lateral deformation curve, and determining the vertical elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the horizontal layered rock mass;
3) carrying out a vertical bearing plate test and a horizontal bearing plate test in the test hole, recording data and drawing a pressure-deformation curve;
4) carrying out numerical inverse analysis by utilizing a finite element calculation program according to the uniaxial test result of the stratified rock mass and the pressure-deformation curves of the vertical bearing plate test and the horizontal bearing plate test, and finally comprehensively determining 5 deformation indexes reflecting the transverse isotropy of the horizontal stratified rock mass;
5) and determining the elastic modulus of the stratified rock mass by combining the on-site rock mass structure survey result and an empirical formula so as to verify the previously determined rock mass deformation index.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the testing system used in the uniaxial compression test and the bearing plate test of the rock mass comprises 3 parts of a loading system, a force transmission system and a measuring system; the pressurizing system comprises a high-pressure oil pump, a hydraulic pressure stabilizer, a hydraulic jack, an electric or hand-operated oil pump, a high-pressure oil pipe, a plurality of high-pressure quick connectors and pressure gauges with the measuring range of 10-50 Mpa; the force transmission system comprises a bearing plate, a force transmission column and a steel base plate; the measuring system comprises a measuring meter bracket, a magnetic meter bracket or a universal meter bracket, a dial indicator and a rock mass lateral deformation measuring line.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: 2-3 hydraulic jacks, 2-3 electric or hand-operated oil pumps and 2-3 pressure gauges; 2-4 gauge supports, 5-7 magnetic gauge supports or universal gauge supports and 5-7 dial gauges; the thickness of the pressure bearing plate is 3 cm-4 cm, and the thickness of the steel backing plate is 2 cm-3 cm.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the concrete operation of the uniaxial compression test of the rock mass in the step 2 is that a bearing plate, a jack, a steel base plate, a force transmission column and a steel base plate are sequentially stacked on the upper part of the processed cubic rock sample from bottom to top, and the uppermost steel base plate is anchored on the top wall of the test hole by using an anchor rod; then, supports for placing the dial gauges are respectively arranged on two sides of the bearing plate, the dial gauges are fixedly arranged on the supports and are used for placing dial gauges, the dial gauges are fixed on the dial gauge supports through magnetic gauge frames or universal gauge frames, and 4 dial gauges are distributed at four corners of the bearing plate and are used for measuring vertical deformation of the surface of a test piece; and testing the lateral deformation of the rock sample under axial compression by using a circumferential survey line.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the specific operation of the vertical bearing plate test in the step 4 is that after the test position is selected, the bearing plate, the jack, the steel base plate, the force transmission column and the steel base plate are sequentially stacked from bottom to top at the test position, and the uppermost steel base plate is anchored on the top wall of the test hole by using an anchor rod; then, supports for placing the dial gauges are respectively arranged on two sides of the bearing plate, the dial gauges are fixedly arranged on the supports and are used for placing dial gauges, the dial gauges are fixed on the dial gauge supports through magnetic gauge frames or universal gauge frames, and 4 dial gauges are distributed at four corners of the bearing plate and are used for measuring vertical deformation of the surface of a test piece; and the test system is installed and debugged, and is maintained for a certain time, and then a test and data processing are carried out.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the concrete operation of the horizontal bearing plate test in the step 4 is that a horizontal bearing platform is manufactured in the test hole, a test position is selected, and a bearing plate, a jack, a steel base plate, a force transmission column and a steel base plate which are contacted with the rock wall of the test position are sequentially arranged in the horizontal direction at the test position; then, meter measuring supports with two ends respectively fixed at the top and the bottom of the test hole are vertically arranged on two sides of the bearing plate, and 2 horizontal meter measuring supports are welded between the two vertical meter measuring supports; arranging 4 dial indicators at four corners of the bearing plate, and testing the horizontal deformation of the surface of the test piece in the test process; and the test system is installed and debugged and is maintained for a certain time, and then a test is carried out.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the specific steps of the test system after installation and debugging and maintenance for a certain time and then test are as follows,
(1) preparation work
Determining the maximum test pressure according to 1.2 times of the design pressure; measuring and reading initial readings of each measuring meter, reading once every 10min before pressurizing, keeping readings unchanged for three times continuously, and starting pressurizing;
(2) uniaxial compression test of rock mass
In the rock mass prepressing stage, certain pressure is applied to the rock mass to prepress the rock mass in the early stage so as to close micro cracks in the rock mass; carrying out a graded loading test on the test rock sample, recording an axial pressure-deformation curve and an axial deformation-lateral deformation curve, and solving the vertical elastic modulus E of the horizontal stratified rock massyAnd poisson ratio muy。
(2) First loading and unloading of bearing plate test
Dividing the determined maximum pressure into 6 stages and applying the pressure in stages; the pressurizing mode adopts step-by-step multiple small circulation loading and unloading; for the vertical loading test, except the last stage of pressure unloading to zero, the contact pressure of other stages of pressure is kept to be 0.1MPa so as to ensure safe operation and avoid the force transmission column from toppling over.
(3) Repeated loading and unloading process for bearing plate test
After the first stage pressure is discharged, next stage pressure is applied, the steps are repeated until the last stage pressure, and the reading requirements under all stages of pressure are the same
(4) Bearing plate test recording and observation
In the test process, reading and recording are carried out at the same time, and the deformation and damage conditions of the test piece are observed; and respectively drawing 6-stage circulating loading and unloading pressure-deformation curves in the vertical and horizontal bearing plate tests.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the method for comprehensively determining the deformation parameters of the horizontal stratified rock mass comprises the following specific steps of determining 5 deformation indexes for reflecting the transverse isotropy of the horizontal stratified rock mass in step 4:
1) establishing a three-dimensional numerical model
The size of the three-dimensional numerical model is determined according to 3-5 times of the size of the test hole, and the top surface of the model is the actual ground form of a test site; inputting transverse isotropic mechanical indexes of the stratified rock mass by means of an anisotropic middle jointed rock mass constitutive model in a finite element program, wherein the transverse isotropic mechanical indexes comprise a vertical elastic modulus Ey and a Poisson ratio Muy which are measured according to a uniaxial compression test, and an assumed horizontal elastic modulus Ex, a Poisson ratio Mux and a shear modulus G; establishing a bearing plate model in the model according to the position, the shape and the size of the horizontal and vertical bearing plates, and endowing three physical and mechanical parameters of density, an elastic model and a Poisson ratio;
2) and according to the loading scheme of the vertical bearing plate test, carrying out a graded loading and unloading simulation test on the vertical bearing plate in a numerical model test.
3) And carrying out a grading loading and unloading simulation test on the horizontal bearing plate in a numerical model test according to the loading scheme of the horizontal bearing plate test.
4) And recording and extracting pressure and deformation data in numerical simulation tests of the vertical and horizontal bearing plates, and drawing a pressure-deformation curve graph.
5) Comparing with a pressure-deformation curve actually measured on site, modifying rock deformation parameters in the numerical model according to data deviation, carrying out numerical value loading test again, and comparing results; repeating the numerical test until the error is less than 10%;
6) finally determining deformation indexes Ex, Ey, mux, muy and G of the horizontal stratified rock mass according to the rock mass isotropic parameters input in the numerical model;
the technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: in the step 5, according to the RQD values of the horizontal stratified rock body in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction measured on site and an empirical formula, the elastic modulus Ex and Ey values of the horizontal stratified rock body are estimated, and the elastic modulus value determined by back analysis of a verification value is obtained.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
the method provided by the invention is combined with the rock uniaxial compression test, the field bearing plate test data and the numerical inverse analysis of the finite element calculation program, and can finally determine 5 deformation indexes reflecting the transverse isotropy of the horizontal stratified rock mass. The rock uniaxial compression test mainly determines the vertical elastic modulus Ey and the Poisson ratio Muy of the stratified rock, and the numerical inversion model is mainly used for determining the horizontal elastic modulus Ex, the Poisson ratio Mux and the shear modulus G of the rock. The rock mass RQD value statistics and the vertical elastic modulus Ey and the horizontal elastic modulus Ex of the rock mass estimated by an empirical formula, and the result of the inverse analysis of the verification value.
The invention provides a comprehensive determination method of deformation parameters of a horizontal layered rock mass based on the combination of a uniaxial compression test of the rock mass, a field rigid bearing plate test and numerical inversion, and provides basic data for the design and construction of layered rock mass engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a vertical bearing plate test according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the vertical bearing plate test of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a horizontal bearing plate test of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a horizontal bearing plate test of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a uniaxial compression test of the present invention;
the device comprises a bearing plate 1, a jack 2, a steel base plate 3, a force transmission column 4, a force transmission column 5, a gauge support 6, a dial indicator 7, a test hole 8 and a horizontal bearing platform.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments:
the invention discloses a comprehensive determination method for deformation parameters of a horizontal stratified rock mass, which comprises the steps of carrying out uniaxial compression test, vertical bearing plate test and horizontal bearing plate test in a test hole on site to obtain test data, carrying out numerical inverse analysis by utilizing a finite element calculation program, and comprehensively determining 5 deformation indexes reflecting transverse isotropy of the horizontal stratified rock mass according to a comprehensive test result on site. The method can accurately measure the deformation parameters of the horizontal stratified rock mass.
A horizontal stratified rock deformation parameter comprehensive determination method is carried out in a test hole of a construction site, and a test system used in a single-shaft compression test and a bearing plate test comprises 3 parts, namely a pressurization system, a force transmission system and a measurement system; the pressurization system comprises a high-pressure oil pump, a hydraulic pressure stabilizer, a hydraulic jack, an electric or hand-operated oil pump, a high-pressure oil pipe and a plurality of pressure gauges with the measuring range of 10-50 MPa, wherein the high-pressure oil pump is connected with the hydraulic pressure stabilizer through a high-pressure quick connector; the force transmission system comprises a bearing plate, a force transmission column and a steel base plate; the measuring system comprises a measuring meter bracket, a magnetic meter bracket or a universal meter bracket, a dial indicator and a rock mass lateral deformation measuring line. Wherein, the number of the hydraulic jacks is 2-3, the number of the electric or hand-operated oil pumps is 2-3, and the number of the pressure gauges is 2-3; 2-4 gauge supports, 5-7 magnetic gauge supports or universal gauge supports and 5-7 dial gauges; the thickness of the pressure bearing plate is 3 cm-4 cm, and the thickness of the steel backing plate is 2 cm-3 cm. Comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
1) preparing a test part, selecting a test position in the test hole, and preparing for a field test;
2) and carrying out uniaxial compression test on the layered rock sample in the test hole, recording an axial pressure-deformation curve and an axial deformation-lateral deformation curve, and determining the vertical elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the horizontal layered rock mass.
The concrete operation of the uniaxial compression test of the rock mass in the step is that a bearing plate, a jack, a steel base plate, a force transmission column and a steel base plate are sequentially stacked on the upper part of the processed cubic rock sample from bottom to top, and the uppermost steel base plate is anchored on the top wall of the test hole by using an anchor rod; then, supports for placing the dial gauges are respectively arranged on two sides of the bearing plate, the dial gauges are fixedly arranged on the supports and are used for placing dial gauges, the dial gauges are fixed on the dial gauge supports through magnetic gauge frames or universal gauge frames, and 4 dial gauges are distributed at four corners of the bearing plate and are used for measuring vertical deformation of the surface of a test piece; and testing the lateral deformation of the rock sample under axial compression by using a circumferential survey line.
The specific steps of the test system after installation and debugging and maintenance for a certain time are as follows,
(1) preparation work
Determining the maximum test pressure according to 1.2 times of the design pressure; measuring and reading initial readings of each measuring meter, reading once every 10min before pressurizing, keeping readings unchanged for three times continuously, and starting pressurizing; prepressing, namely prepressing the rock mass in an early stage before formal loading;
(2) first loading and unloading
Dividing the determined maximum pressure into 6 stages and applying the pressure in stages; the pressurizing mode adopts step-by-step multiple small circulation loading and unloading; reading once immediately after pressurization, recording the load values and the corresponding vertical and lateral deformation values in the loading and unloading process every 10min as required, and releasing the pressure until the deformation is stable; when the ratio of the difference delta Wi between two adjacent readings of the measuring tables on all the pressure bearing plates to the difference Wi between the first reading under the same pressure and the reading under the previous pressure is less than 5 percent, the pressure bearing plates are considered to be stable; the reading requirement in the pressure relief process is the same as that of pressurization; for the vertical loading test, except the last stage of pressure unloading to zero, the contact pressure of other stages of pressure is kept to be 0.1MPa so as to ensure safe operation and avoid the force transmission column from toppling over.
(3) Repeating the loading and unloading process
After the first stage pressure is discharged, next stage pressure is applied, the steps are repeated until the last stage pressure, and the reading requirements under all stages of pressure are the same
(4) Recording and viewing
In the test process, reading and recording are carried out at the same time, and the deformation and damage conditions of the test piece are observed; and respectively drawing a vertical pressure-deformation curve and an axial deformation-lateral deformation curve.
3) Carrying out a vertical bearing plate test and a horizontal bearing plate test in the test hole, recording data and drawing a pressure-deformation curve;
the specific operation of the vertical bearing plate test in the step is that after a test position is selected, the bearing plate, a jack, a steel base plate, a force transmission column and the steel base plate are sequentially stacked from bottom to top at the test position, and the uppermost steel base plate is anchored on the top wall of the test hole by using an anchor rod; then, supports for placing the dial gauges are respectively arranged on two sides of the bearing plate, the dial gauges are fixedly arranged on the supports and are used for placing dial gauges, the dial gauges are fixed on the dial gauge supports through magnetic gauge frames or universal gauge frames, and 4 dial gauges are distributed at four corners of the bearing plate and are used for measuring vertical deformation of the surface of a test piece; and the test system is installed and debugged, and is maintained for a certain time, and then a test and data processing are carried out.
The concrete operation of the horizontal bearing plate test in the step is that a horizontal bearing platform is manufactured in a test hole, a test position is selected, and a bearing plate, a jack, a steel base plate, a force transmission column and a steel base plate which are contacted with the rock wall at the test position are sequentially arranged at the test position in the horizontal direction; then, meter measuring supports with two ends respectively fixed at the top and the bottom of the test hole are vertically arranged on two sides of the bearing plate, and 2 horizontal meter measuring supports are welded between the two vertical meter measuring supports; arranging 4 dial indicators at four corners of the bearing plate, and testing the horizontal deformation of the surface of the test piece in the test process; and the test system is installed and debugged and is maintained for a certain time, and then a test is carried out.
The specific steps of the test system after installation and debugging and maintenance for a certain time are as follows,
(1) preparation work
Determining the maximum test pressure according to 1.2 times of the design pressure; measuring and reading initial readings of each measuring meter, reading once every 10min before pressurizing, keeping readings unchanged for three times continuously, and starting pressurizing;
(2) first loading and unloading
Dividing the determined maximum pressure into 6 stages and applying the pressure in stages; the pressurizing mode adopts step-by-step multiple small circulation loading and unloading; reading once immediately after pressurization, recording the load value and the corresponding deformation value in the loading and unloading process every 10min as required, and releasing the pressure until the deformation is stable; when the ratio of the difference delta Wi between two adjacent readings of the measuring tables on all the pressure bearing plates to the difference Wi between the first reading under the same pressure and the reading under the previous pressure is less than 5 percent, the pressure bearing plates are considered to be stable; the reading requirement in the pressure relief process is the same as that of pressurization; for the vertical loading test, except the last stage of pressure unloading to zero, the contact pressure of other stages of pressure is kept to be 0.1MPa so as to ensure safe operation and avoid the force transmission column from toppling over.
(3) Repeating the loading and unloading process
After the first stage pressure is discharged, next stage pressure is applied, the steps are repeated until the last stage pressure, and the reading requirements under all stages of pressure are the same
(4) Recording and viewing
In the test process, reading and recording are carried out at the same time, and the deformation and damage conditions of the test piece are observed; and respectively drawing 6-stage circulating loading and unloading pressure-deformation curves in the vertical and horizontal bearing plate tests.
4) And carrying out numerical inverse analysis by utilizing a finite element calculation program, and comprehensively determining 5 deformation indexes of transverse isotropy of the reaction horizontal stratified rock mass according to a comprehensive field test result.
The specific sub-steps in the operation of the step are as follows:
1) establishing a three-dimensional numerical model
The size of the three-dimensional numerical model is determined according to 3-5 times of the size of the test hole, and the top surface of the model is the actual earth surface form of a test site; inputting transverse isotropic deformation indexes of the stratified rock mass by means of an anisotropic middle jointed rock mass constitutive model in a finite element program, wherein the transverse isotropic deformation indexes comprise a vertical elastic modulus Ey and a Poisson ratio Muy which are measured according to a uniaxial compression test, and an assumed horizontal elastic modulus Ex, a Poisson ratio Mux and a shear modulus G; establishing a bearing plate model in the model according to the position, the shape and the size of the horizontal and vertical bearing plates, and endowing three physical and mechanical parameters of density, an elastic model and a Poisson ratio;
2) and according to the loading scheme of the vertical bearing plate test, carrying out a graded loading and unloading simulation test on the vertical bearing plate in a numerical model test.
3) And carrying out a grading loading and unloading simulation test on the horizontal bearing plate in a numerical model test according to a loading scheme of the horizontal bearing plate test strictly.
4) And recording and extracting pressure and deformation data in numerical simulation tests of the vertical and horizontal bearing plates, and drawing a pressure-deformation curve graph.
5) Comparing with a pressure-deformation curve actually measured on site, modifying rock deformation parameters in the numerical model according to data deviation, carrying out numerical value loading test again, and comparing results; repeating the numerical test until the error is less than 10%;
6) and finally determining deformation parameters Ex, Ey, mux, muy and G of the horizontal stratified rock mass through comprehensive field test and data processing.
5) And determining the elastic modulus of the stratified rock mass by combining the on-site rock mass structure survey result and an empirical formula so as to verify the previously determined rock mass deformation index.
In the step, according to the RQD values of the horizontal stratified rock body in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction measured on site and an empirical formula, the elastic modulus Ex and Ey values of the horizontal stratified rock body are estimated, and the elastic modulus value determined by back analysis of a verification value is obtained.
The method provided by the invention can finally determine 5 deformation indexes of transverse isotropy of the horizontal stratified rock mass in response by combining field test data and numerical inverse analysis of a finite element calculation program. The rock uniaxial compression test mainly determines the vertical elastic modulus Ey and the Poisson ratio Muy of the stratified rock, and the numerical inversion model is mainly used for determining the horizontal elastic modulus Ex, the Poisson ratio Mux and the shear modulus G of the rock. The normal elastic modulus Ey and the horizontal elastic modulus Ex of the rock mass are estimated by statistics of the rock mass RQD value and an empirical formula, and the result of inverse analysis of the verification value is obtained.
The following are specific examples:
firstly, selecting a special test tunnel on site, wherein the test tunnel is about 2m high and about 3.5m wide so as to facilitate the test operation as a principle, the rock mass test tunnel with good integrity can be excavated into a flat-top rectangular section, and the rock mass test tunnel with poor integrity can be excavated into a straight-wall arch. Preparing components used for the test, wherein a test system used for the test of the pressure bearing plate comprises 3 parts of a pressurizing system, a force transmission system and a measuring system; the pressurization system comprises a high-pressure oil pump, a hydraulic pressure stabilizer, 3 hydraulic jacks, 3 electric or hand-operated oil pumps, a plurality of high-pressure oil pipes, a plurality of high-pressure quick connectors and 3 pressure gauges with the range of 10-50 Mpa; the force transmission system comprises a bearing plate with the thickness of 3 cm-4 cm, a force transmission column and a steel base plate with the thickness of 2 cm-3 cm; the measuring system comprises 4 measuring meter supports, 7 magnetic meter supports or universal meter supports and 7 dial gauges. The steel backing plate and the bearing plate are made of steel plates, and the meter measuring support can be made of steel pipes or I-shaped steel.
After the preparation work is done, a specific test is performed, comprising the following steps,
1) and preparing a test part, and selecting a test position in the test hole 7 to prepare for a field test. The ground middle part of the test hole 7 is usually selected as a test position for testing the vertical bearing plate 1.
2) And carrying out uniaxial compression test on the layered rock sample in the test hole, recording an axial pressure-deformation curve and an axial deformation-lateral deformation curve, and determining the vertical elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the horizontal layered rock mass.
The concrete operation of the uniaxial compression test of the rock mass in the step is that a bearing plate 1, a jack 2, a steel base plate 3, a force transfer column 4 and a steel base plate 3 are sequentially stacked on the upper part of a processed cubic rock sample from bottom to top, and the uppermost steel base plate 3 is anchored on the top wall of a test hole 7 by using an anchor rod; then, supports for placing the dial gauge supports are respectively arranged on two sides of the bearing plate 1, the dial gauge supports 5 for placing the dial gauges 6 are fixedly arranged on the supports, the dial gauges 6 are fixed on the dial gauge supports 5 through magnetic gauge frames or universal gauge frames, and 4 dial gauges are arranged at four corners of the bearing plate 1 and used for measuring vertical deformation of the surface of the rock sample; and testing the lateral deformation of the rock sample under axial compression by using a circumferential survey line. As shown in particular in fig. 5.
The specific steps of the test system after installation and debugging and maintenance for a certain time are as follows,
(1) preparation work
Determining the maximum test pressure according to 1.2 times of the design pressure; measuring and reading initial readings of each measuring meter, reading once every 10min before pressurizing, keeping readings unchanged for three times continuously, and starting pressurizing; prepressing, namely prepressing the rock mass in an early stage before formal loading;
(2) first loading and unloading
Dividing the determined maximum pressure into 6 stages and applying the pressure in stages; the pressurizing mode adopts step-by-step multiple small circulation loading and unloading; reading once immediately after pressurization, recording the load values and the corresponding vertical and lateral deformation values in the loading and unloading process every 10min as required, and releasing the pressure until the deformation is stable; when the ratio of the difference delta Wi between two adjacent readings of the measuring tables on all the pressure bearing plates to the difference Wi between the first reading under the same pressure and the reading under the previous pressure is less than 5 percent, the pressure bearing plates are considered to be stable; the reading requirement in the pressure relief process is the same as that of pressurization; for the vertical loading test, except the last stage of pressure unloading to zero, the contact pressure of other stages of pressure is kept to be 0.1MPa so as to ensure safe operation and avoid the force transmission column from toppling over.
(3) Repeating the loading and unloading process
After the first stage pressure is discharged, next stage pressure is applied, the steps are repeated until the last stage pressure, and the reading requirements under all stages of pressure are the same
(4) Recording and viewing
In the test process, reading and recording are carried out at the same time, and the deformation and damage conditions of the test piece are observed; and respectively drawing an axial pressure-deformation curve and an axial deformation-lateral deformation curve. Wherein the lateral deformation is taken as the average of the results of the three-line test
Loading and unloading are carried out according to strict test specifications.
3) And performing a vertical bearing plate 1 test and a horizontal bearing plate 1 test in the test hole, and recording data and drawing a pressure deformation curve.
The concrete operation of the test of the vertical bearing plate 1 in the step is that the surface of a test position is leveled by cement mortar doped with an accelerating agent, then the bearing plate 1, a jack 2, a steel base plate 3, a force transmission column 4 and the steel base plate 3 are sequentially stacked from bottom to top at the test position, and the steel base plate 3 at the top is anchored on the top wall of the test hole 7 by using an anchor rod. During installation, all parts of the whole testing system are kept on the same axis and consistent with the pressurizing direction and the normal direction of the horizontal stratified rock mass layer; the steel plate between the force transfer column 4 and the surrounding rock at the top of the tunnel can be anchored on the surface of the surrounding rock through bolts, and the surface of the surrounding rock at the anchoring position can be subjected to mortar floating treatment before the steel base plate 3 is anchored according to the smoothness of the surrounding rock. Then, a measuring system is arranged, 5 measuring meters are respectively arranged on two sides of the bearing plate 1, a simple supporting beam supporting mode is adopted, and the supporting point of the fixed support is required to be arranged outside the range of the influence of the test; 4 dial indicators 6 are arranged at four corners of the bearing plate 1, and the surface of the test piece is vertically deformed in the test process. Specifically, supports for placing the dial gauges 5 are respectively arranged on two sides of the pressure bearing plate 1, the dial gauges 5 for placing the dial gauges 6 are fixedly arranged on the supports, the dial gauges 6 are fixed on the dial gauges 5 through a magnetic gauge frame or a universal gauge frame, and 4 dial gauges 6 are arranged at four corners of the pressure bearing plate 1 and used for measuring vertical deformation of the surface of a test piece; and the test system is installed and debugged, and is maintained for a certain time, and then a test and data processing are carried out. As shown in fig. 1 and 2.
The concrete operation of the test of the bearing plate 1 in the step is that firstly, a horizontal bearing platform with the height of about 1.5m, the width of 50cm and the length of the width of the test hole 7 is manufactured in the test hole 7, and the side wall of the test hole 7 is selected as a test position. If the side wall of the test hole 7 is uneven, cement mortar doped with an accelerating agent is used for leveling the rock test surface, and then the bearing plate 1 is vertically placed and is tapped to be tightly combined. The bearing plate 1, the jack 2, the steel base plate 3, the force transmission column 4 and the steel base plate 3 which are contacted with the rock wall at the testing position are sequentially arranged at the testing position in the horizontal direction. Then, vertically arranging 5 between the gauges with two ends respectively fixed at the top and the bottom of the test hole 7 on two sides of the pressure bearing plate 1, and welding 2 horizontal gauges 5 between the two vertical gauges 5; 4 dial indicators 6 are arranged at four corners of the bearing plate 1, and the surface of the test piece is horizontally deformed in the test process; and the test system is installed and debugged and is maintained for a certain time, and then a test is carried out. During installation, all parts of the whole testing system are kept on the same axis and consistent with the pressurizing direction and the horizontal stratified rock body layer direction, and the position using concrete can be tested after a period of maintenance. As shown in fig. 3 and 4.
The specific steps of the test system after installation and debugging and maintenance for a certain time are as follows,
(1) preparation work
Determining the maximum test pressure according to 1.2 times of the design pressure; measuring and reading initial readings of each measuring meter, reading once every 10min before pressurizing, keeping readings unchanged for three times continuously, and starting pressurizing;
(2) first loading and unloading
Dividing the determined maximum pressure into 6 stages and applying the pressure in stages; the pressurizing mode adopts step-by-step multiple small circulation loading and unloading; reading once immediately after pressurization, recording the load value and the corresponding deformation value in the loading and unloading process every 10min as required, and releasing the pressure until the deformation is stable; when the ratio of the difference delta Wi between two adjacent readings of the measuring tables on all the pressure bearing plates 1 to the difference Wi between the first reading under the same pressure and the reading under the previous pressure is less than 5 percent, the pressure bearing plates are considered to be stable; the reading requirement in the pressure relief process is the same as that of pressurization; for the vertical loading test, except the last stage of pressure unloading to zero, the contact pressure of other stages of pressure is kept to be 0.1MPa so as to ensure safe operation and avoid the force transmission column 4 from toppling over.
(3) Repeating the loading and unloading process
After the first stage pressure is discharged, next stage pressure is applied, the steps are repeated until the last stage pressure, and the reading requirements under all stages of pressure are the same
(4) Recording and viewing
In the test process, reading and recording are carried out at the same time, the deformation and damage conditions of the test piece are observed, and if problems are found, correction and treatment are carried out in time. And after the test is finished, respectively drawing 6-stage circulating loading and unloading pressure-deformation curves in the vertical and horizontal bearing plates 1 test according to the recorded data.
Loading and unloading are carried out according to strict test specifications.
4) And carrying out numerical inverse analysis by utilizing a finite element calculation program, and comprehensively determining 5 deformation indexes of transverse isotropy of the reaction horizontal stratified rock mass according to a comprehensive field test result.
The specific sub-steps in the operation of the step are as follows:
1) establishing a three-dimensional numerical model
The size of the three-dimensional numerical model is determined according to 3-5 times of the size of the test hole 7, and the top surface of the model is the actual ground form of a test site; inputting transverse isotropic mechanical indexes of the stratified rock mass by means of an anisotropic middle jointed rock mass constitutive model in a finite element program, wherein the transverse isotropic mechanical indexes comprise a vertical elastic modulus Ey and a Poisson ratio Muy which are measured according to a uniaxial compression test, and an assumed horizontal elastic modulus Ex, a Poisson ratio Mux and a shear modulus G; establishing a bearing plate model in the model according to the position, the shape and the size of the horizontal and vertical bearing plates, and endowing three physical and mechanical parameters of density, an elastic model and a Poisson ratio;
2) and according to the test loading scheme of the vertical bearing plate 1, carrying out a graded loading and unloading simulation test of the vertical bearing plate 1 in a numerical model test.
3) And strictly according to the test loading scheme of the horizontal bearing plate 1, carrying out a grading loading and unloading simulation test of the horizontal bearing plate 1 in a numerical model test.
4) And recording and extracting pressure and deformation data in numerical simulation tests of the vertical and horizontal bearing plates 1, and drawing a pressure-deformation curve graph.
5) Comparing with a pressure-deformation curve actually measured on site, modifying rock deformation parameters in the numerical model according to data deviation, carrying out numerical value loading test again, and comparing results; repeating the numerical test until the error is less than 10%;
6) and combining the results of field test and numerical inversion, wherein the rock mass deformation parameters adopted by numerical simulation are the deformation parameters Ex, Ey, mux, muy and G of the horizontal stratified rock mass.
7) And estimating the elastic modulus Ex and Ey values of the horizontal stratified rock mass according to the RQD values of the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the horizontal stratified rock mass measured on site and an empirical formula, and inversely analyzing the confirmed values to determine the elastic modulus value of the rock mass.
In the embodiment, the deformation parameters Ex, Ey, mux, muy and G of the horizontal stratified rock can be finally determined, and basic data are provided for engineering design and construction of the stratified rock.
Claims (3)
1. A comprehensive determination method for deformation parameters of a horizontal stratified rock mass is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is carried out in a test hole of a construction site and comprises the following steps,
1) preparing a test part, selecting a test position in the test hole, and preparing for a field test;
2) carrying out uniaxial compression test on the layered rock sample in the test hole, recording an axial pressure-deformation curve and an axial deformation-lateral deformation curve, and determining the vertical elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the horizontal layered rock mass; the testing system used in the uniaxial compression test and the bearing plate test of the rock mass comprises 3 parts of a pressurizing system, a force transmission system and a measuring system; the pressurizing system comprises a high-pressure oil pump, a hydraulic pressure stabilizer, a hydraulic jack, an electric or hand-operated oil pump, a high-pressure oil pipe, a plurality of high-pressure quick connectors and pressure gauges with the measuring range of 10-50 Mpa; the force transmission system comprises a bearing plate, a force transmission column and a steel base plate; the measuring system comprises a measuring meter bracket, a magnetic meter bracket or a universal meter bracket, a dial indicator and a rock mass lateral deformation measuring line; the concrete operation of the rock uniaxial compression test is that a bearing plate, a jack, a steel base plate, a force transmission column and a steel base plate are sequentially stacked on the upper part of a processed cubic rock sample from bottom to top, and the uppermost steel base plate is anchored on the top wall of a test hole by using an anchor rod; then, supports for placing the dial gauges are respectively arranged on two sides of the bearing plate, the dial gauges are fixedly arranged on the supports and are used for placing dial gauges, the dial gauges are fixed on the dial gauge supports through magnetic gauge frames or universal gauge frames, and 4 dial gauges are distributed at four corners of the bearing plate and are used for measuring vertical deformation of the surface of a test piece; testing the lateral deformation of the rock sample under axial compression by using a circumferential measuring line;
3) carrying out a vertical bearing plate test and a horizontal bearing plate test in the test hole, recording data and drawing a pressure-deformation curve;
the specific steps of the test system after installation and debugging and maintenance for a certain time and then test are as follows,
(1) preparation work
Determining the maximum test pressure according to 1.2 times of the design pressure; measuring and reading initial readings of each measuring meter, reading once every 10min before pressurizing, keeping readings unchanged for three times continuously, and starting pressurizing;
(2) uniaxial compression test of rock mass
In the rock mass prepressing stage, certain pressure is applied to the rock mass to prepress the rock mass in the early stage so as to close micro cracks in the rock mass; carrying out a graded loading test on a test rock sample, recording an axial pressure-deformation curve and an axial deformation-lateral deformation curve, and solving a vertical elastic modulus Ey and a Poisson ratio Muy of a horizontal layered rock body;
(3) first loading and unloading of bearing plate test
Dividing the determined maximum pressure into 6 stages and applying the pressure in stages; the pressurizing mode adopts step-by-step multiple small circulation loading and unloading; for a vertical loading test, except the last stage of pressure unloading to zero, the contact pressure of other stages of pressure is kept to be 0.1MPa so as to ensure safe operation and avoid the force transmission column from toppling;
(4) repeated loading and unloading process for bearing plate test
After the first stage pressure is discharged, next stage pressure is applied, the process is repeated until the last stage pressure, and the reading requirements under all stages of pressure are the same;
(5) bearing plate test recording and observation
In the test process, reading and recording are carried out at the same time, and the deformation and damage conditions of the test piece are observed; respectively drawing 6-stage circulating loading and unloading pressure-deformation curves in vertical and horizontal bearing plate tests;
4) carrying out numerical inverse analysis by utilizing a finite element calculation program according to the uniaxial test result of the stratified rock mass and the pressure-deformation curves of the vertical bearing plate test and the horizontal bearing plate test, and finally comprehensively determining 5 deformation indexes reflecting the transverse isotropy of the horizontal stratified rock mass; the concrete operation of the vertical bearing plate test is that a test position is selected, cement mortar is used for smoothing the surface of the test part, then the bearing plate, a jack, a steel base plate, a force transmission column and the steel base plate are sequentially stacked from bottom to top at the test position, and the steel base plate at the top is anchored on the top wall of the test hole by using an anchor rod; then, supports for placing the dial gauges are respectively arranged on two sides of the bearing plate, the dial gauges are fixedly arranged on the supports and are used for placing dial gauges, the dial gauges are fixed on the dial gauge supports through magnetic gauge frames or universal gauge frames, and 4 dial gauges are distributed at four corners of the bearing plate and are used for measuring vertical deformation of the surface of a test piece; the test system is installed and debugged, and test tests and data processing are carried out after certain time of maintenance;
the concrete operation of the horizontal bearing plate test is that a horizontal bearing platform is manufactured in a test hole, a test position is selected, cement mortar is used for floating the surface of the test position, and a bearing plate, a jack, a steel base plate, a force transmission column and a steel base plate which are contacted with the rock wall of the test position are sequentially arranged in the horizontal direction of the test position; then, meter measuring supports with two ends respectively fixed at the top and the bottom of the test hole are vertically arranged on two sides of the bearing plate, and 2 horizontal meter measuring supports are welded between the two vertical meter measuring supports; arranging 4 dial indicators at four corners of the bearing plate, and testing the horizontal deformation of the surface of the test piece in the test process; the test system is installed and debugged and is maintained for a certain time and then a test is carried out;
the specific steps for determining 5 deformation indexes of transverse isotropy of the reaction level stratified rock mass in the step are as follows:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional numerical model
The size of the three-dimensional numerical model is determined according to 3-5 times of the size of the test hole, and the top surface of the model is the actual earth surface form of a test site; inputting transverse isotropic mechanical indexes of the stratified rock mass by means of an anisotropic middle jointed rock mass constitutive model in a finite element program, wherein the transverse isotropic mechanical indexes comprise a vertical elastic modulus Ey and a Poisson ratio Muy which are measured according to a uniaxial compression test, and an assumed horizontal elastic modulus Ex, a Poisson ratio Mux and a shear modulus G; establishing a bearing plate model in the model according to the position, the shape and the size of the horizontal and vertical bearing plates, and endowing three physical and mechanical parameters of density, an elastic model and a Poisson ratio;
(2) according to the vertical bearing plate test loading scheme, carrying out a graded loading and unloading simulation test on the vertical bearing plate in a numerical model test;
(3) according to the loading scheme of the horizontal bearing plate test, carrying out a graded loading and unloading simulation test of the horizontal bearing plate in a numerical model test;
(4) recording and extracting pressure and deformation data in numerical simulation tests of the vertical and horizontal bearing plates, and drawing a pressure-deformation curve chart;
(5) comparing the pressure-deformation curve with a pressure-deformation curve actually measured in a field pressure bearing plate test, modifying rock deformation parameters in the numerical model according to data deviation, carrying out a numerical value loading test again, and comparing results; repeating the numerical test until the error is less than 10%;
(6) finally determining deformation indexes Ex, Ey, mux, muy and G of the horizontal stratified rock mass according to the rock mass isotropic deformation parameters input in the numerical model;
5) and determining the elastic modulus of the horizontal stratified rock mass by combining the on-site rock mass structure survey result and an empirical formula so as to verify the previously determined rock mass deformation index.
2. The comprehensive determination method of the deformation parameters of the horizontal stratified rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: 2-3 hydraulic jacks, 2-3 electric or hand-operated oil pumps and 2-3 pressure gauges; 2-4 gauge supports, 5-7 magnetic gauge supports or universal gauge supports and 5-7 dial gauges; the thickness of the pressure bearing plate is 3 cm-4 cm, and the thickness of the steel backing plate is 2 cm-3 cm.
3. The comprehensive determination method of the deformation parameters of the horizontal stratified rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5, according to the RQD values of the horizontal stratified rock body in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction measured on site and an empirical formula, the elastic modulus Ex and Ey values of the horizontal stratified rock body are estimated, and the elastic modulus value determined by back analysis of a verification value is obtained.
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| CN116086958B (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-10-27 | 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 | Soft-hard interphase layered rock mass field large-area deformation test method |
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