CN108458920B - Rock-soil body in-situ mechanical parameter comprehensive test method - Google Patents
Rock-soil body in-situ mechanical parameter comprehensive test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive testing method for in-situ mechanical parameters of a rock-soil body. According to the test method, a test device is used for carrying out a uniaxial compression test, a vertical bearing plate test, a horizontal bearing plate test, a shear test and a shear test on a rock and soil mass sample on a construction site; the testing device is formed by selecting and using testing components according to tests, and the testing components comprise a plurality of bearing plates, a jack, a displacement meter, a plurality of cushion blocks, a plurality of dial indicators and dial indicator supports, an electric hydraulic pump, a plurality of steel beams and a plurality of steel supports. The testing method mainly tests the mechanical parameters of the rock-soil body on site in a tunnel or roadway, the testing device is easy to machine and assemble, convenient and easy to operate, and can also perform comprehensive tests of a plurality of parameters, the rock-soil body sample has high comprehensive utilization rate, comprehensive acquired parameters, high testing accuracy and good economic benefit. The invention belongs to the technical field of rock-soil mass testing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a comprehensive testing method for in-situ mechanical parameters of a rock-soil body, and belongs to the technical field of rock-soil body testing.
Background
The mechanical parameters of the rock-soil body are key parameters for analyzing and evaluating the stability of tunnel engineering and underground engineering, and are the premise for analyzing the stability of the engineering and making correct scientific evaluation. The mechanical parameters of the rock-soil mass are influenced by various complex factors such as the structural state of the rock-soil mass, construction interference factors, ground stress and the like, the mechanical parameters of the rock-soil mass are very complex, and the currently obtained mechanical deformation parameters of the rock-soil mass mainly pass indoor tests or in-situ tests;
the indoor test is a common rock-soil body mechanical parameter testing means, and has the advantages that the test environment is excellent, the test method is mature, the test equipment is easy to control, but the tested sample must be obtained from the field, so the primary structure of the sample is easy to disturb or destroy in the sample sampling, packaging and transporting processes, in addition, the size of the sample is small due to the limitation of the size condition of the test equipment, the rock-soil body structural effect is not obvious, the original stress mechanical environment is difficult to realize, the factors influence the objectivity of the test result, and the tested rock-soil body mechanical parameters and the actual parameters have larger difference.
The rock-soil body in-situ test field makes samples, the size effect and the initial stress environment are close to the real environment, and the obtained data are relatively reliable, but due to the limitation of test conditions, the problems of long period, high cost and the like generally exist, and the economic effect is not high when a single parameter test is carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a testing method capable of carrying out comprehensive testing by utilizing a field rock-soil mass sample so as to improve the utilization rate of the sample and obtain comprehensive and reliable mechanical parameters.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a rock-soil mass in-situ mechanical parameter comprehensive test method comprises the steps of carrying out a uniaxial compression test, a vertical bearing plate test, a horizontal bearing plate test, a shear test and a shearing test on a rock-soil mass at a construction site by using a test device; the testing device is formed by selecting testing components according to a test, wherein the testing components comprise a plurality of bearing plates, a jack, a displacement meter, a plurality of cushion blocks, a plurality of dial indicators and dial indicator supports, an electric hydraulic pump, a plurality of steel beams and steel supports; the method comprises the following steps of,
1) manufacturing a rock-soil mass sample;
2) simultaneously carrying out a uniaxial compression test and a vertical bearing plate test on the rock-soil mass sample by using the testing device, and removing the testing device after the tests are finished to prepare for carrying out the next test;
3) carrying out a horizontal bearing plate test on the rock-soil body sample by using the testing device, and dismantling the testing device after the test is finished to prepare for carrying out the next test;
4) carrying out an anti-cutting test on the rock-soil body sample by using the testing device, and dismantling the testing device after the test is finished to prepare for carrying out the next test;
5) carrying out a shear test on the rock-soil body sample by using a testing device, and dismantling the testing device after the test is finished;
6) and processing the test data to obtain the in-situ mechanical deformation parameters of the rock and soil mass.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the testing method is characterized in that a section with good integrity and surrounding rock stability of the rock and soil mass is selected in a tunnel or roadway, and a pedestrian passageway or adit is utilized to manufacture a rock and soil mass test sample on site and perform a test.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the concrete operation of carrying out uniaxial compression test and vertical bearing plate test is that the bearing plate, jack, cushion block, force transmission column and bearing plate are vertically placed on the upper end face of the sample in turn, the top bearing plate is fixed by using an anchor rod, two steel beams are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the lower part of the bearing plate fixed by using the anchor rod, a dial indicator for testing the deformation of the bearing plate is arranged on the steel beam, a dial indicator for testing the deformation of the bearing plate is arranged above the bearing plate in surface contact with the sample, and two sets of dial indicators for testing the deformation of the sample are arranged on two side faces of the sample from top to bottom; the jack is connected with an electric hydraulic pump; after the testing device is installed, the electric hydraulic pump is started to pressurize the jack, and data of the dial indicator are observed and recorded.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the concrete operation for carrying out the horizontal bearing plate test is that a cushion block, a force transmission column, a cushion block, a jack and a bearing plate are sequentially arranged on two side surfaces of a sample according to the horizontal direction, four dial indicators are respectively arranged at four corners of the bearing plate by using L-shaped force transmission frames, and the jack is connected with an electric hydraulic pump; after the testing device is installed, the electric hydraulic pump is started to pressurize the jack, and data of the dial indicator are observed and recorded.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the specific operation of the anti-cutting test is that a testing device consisting of a cushion block, a force transmission column supported by a support, the cushion block, a jack supported by the support and a bearing plate is sequentially placed at the lower end of one side of a sample, and two groups of testing devices are arranged up and down on the other side of the sample, wherein one group of testing devices is arranged corresponding to the testing device on the opposite side in the horizontal direction; a steel beam for mounting the dial indicators is arranged above the sample, the two dial indicators are arranged on the steel beam and used for measuring the deformation of the upper surface of the sample, and the jack is connected with the electric hydraulic pump; after the testing device is installed, the electric hydraulic pump is started to pressurize the jack, and data of the dial indicator are observed and recorded.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the force transmission column supported by the support and the jack supported by the support in the test device positioned above in the two groups of test devices are arranged on the bracket.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the concrete operation of carrying out the shear test is that the cushion block, the jack, the cushion block, the force transmission column and the bearing plate are sequentially arranged on the upper end face of the sample, the cushion block, the force transmission column supported by the support, the cushion block, the jack supported by the support and the bearing plate are sequentially arranged on one side face of the sample, the dial indicator for testing the deformation of the bearing plate is arranged above the bearing plate in surface contact with the sample, and two groups of dial indicators for testing the deformation of the sample are arranged on the two side faces of the sample from top to bottom.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the analysis of the test data is carried out using the following method,
1. the uniaxial compression test is used for analyzing the transverse deformation and the vertical deformation of the sample according to the measurement record, calculating the Poisson ratio (mu) of the sample, drawing a pressure and sample vertical deformation curve, and calculating the elastic modulus (Ev) of the sample in the vertical direction according to the Poisson ratio (mu);
2. the vertical bearing plate experiment is carried out, a pressure-vertical deformation curve is drawn according to measurement data, the vertical elastic modulus (Ev) of the rock-soil body is calculated through the Poisson ratio (mu) measured by the uniaxial compression test of the sample, and the vertical elastic modulus (Ev) is compared and corrected with the vertical elastic modulus (Ev) measured by the uniaxial compression test;
3. in the horizontal bearing plate experiment, a pressure-horizontal deformation curve is drawn according to measurement data, and the horizontal elastic modulus (Eh) of the rock-soil body is calculated through the Poisson's ratio (mu) measured by the uniaxial compression test of the sample;
4. a shear resistance test, namely converting shear stress through the lateral jack pressure and the sample shear area, drawing a shear stress-shear displacement curve according to measurement data, and calculating the sample cohesive force (c);
5. and in the shearing test, the shearing stress is converted through the horizontal jack pressure and the shearing area of the sample, the normal stress is converted through the vertical jack pressure and the pressure bearing area of the sample, a shearing stress-shearing displacement curve is drawn according to the measurement data, and the internal friction angle (phi) of the sample is calculated by utilizing the cohesive force (c) measured by the anti-shearing test.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
the testing method mainly tests the mechanical deformation parameters of the rock-soil body on site in a tunnel or roadway, the testing device is easy to machine and assemble, convenient and easy to operate, and can also perform comprehensive tests of a plurality of parameters, the rock-soil body sample has high comprehensive utilization rate, comprehensive acquired parameters, high testing accuracy and good economic benefit. The test of the invention can carry out comprehensive test of a plurality of parameters on the rock-soil mass, can comprehensively know the condition of the rock-soil mass, and can provide scientific basis for construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a uniaxial compression test and a vertical bearing plate test of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a horizontal bearing plate test of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a test top view of the pressure land plate of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic of the shear test of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the cut resistance test of the present invention;
the device comprises a bearing plate, a cushion block, a bearing plate, a pressure transmission column, a jack, a dial indicator, a steel beam, a rock mass sample and tunnel surrounding rocks, wherein the bearing plate comprises 1, a cushion block, 2, a bearing plate, 3, a force transmission column, 4, the jack, 5, the dial indicator, 6, the steel beam, 7 and the rock mass sample, and 8.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments:
the invention discloses a comprehensive test method for in-situ mechanical parameters of rock and soil mass, which is used for comprehensively testing the mechanical parameters of the rock mass and is carried out on a construction site.
A rock-soil mass in-situ mechanical parameter comprehensive test method comprises the steps of carrying out uniaxial compression test, vertical bearing plate test, horizontal bearing plate test, anti-cutting test and shearing test on a rock mass at a construction site by using a test device; the testing device is formed by selecting testing components according to a test, wherein the testing components comprise a plurality of bearing plates 2, jacks 4, displacement meters, a plurality of cushion blocks 1, a plurality of dial indicators 5, dial indicator supports, electric hydraulic pumps and a plurality of steel beams; the testing method is characterized in that a section with good rock integrity and surrounding rock stability is selected in a tunnel or a roadway, and a pedestrian passageway or a adit is utilized to manufacture a rock testing sample on site and perform a test. The method comprises the following steps of,
1) manufacturing a rock-soil mass sample;
2) simultaneously carrying out a uniaxial compression test and a vertical bearing plate test on the rock mass sample by using the testing device, and removing the testing device after the tests are finished to prepare for the next test; the concrete operation of carrying out uniaxial compression test and vertical bearing plate test is, place bearing plate 2, jack 4, cushion 1, force-transmitting column 3 and bearing plate 2 vertically sequentially on the upper end of the sample, use the anchor rod to fix top bearing plate 2, use both sides of the fixed bearing plate 2 of the anchor rod to set up two girder steels symmetrically, set up the dial indicator used for testing the bearing plate 2 to deform on the girder steel, set up the dial indicator 5 used for testing the bearing plate to deform above the bearing plate 2 contacting with surface on the sample, set up two sets of dial indicators 5 used for testing the sample to deform from top to bottom on both sides of the sample; the jack 4 is connected with an electric hydraulic pump; after the test device is installed, the electric hydraulic pump is started to pressurize the jack 4, and data of the dial indicator is observed and recorded.
3) Carrying out a horizontal bearing plate test on the rock mass sample by using the testing device, and dismantling the testing device after the test is finished to prepare for the next test; the concrete operation for carrying out the horizontal bearing plate test is that a cushion block 1, a force transmission column 3, a cushion block 1, a jack 4 and a bearing plate 2 are sequentially arranged on two side surfaces of a sample according to the horizontal direction, four dial indicators 5 are respectively arranged at four corners of the bearing plate 2 by using L-shaped force transmission frames, and the jack 4 is connected with an electric hydraulic pump; after the test device is installed, the electric hydraulic pump is started to pressurize the jack 4, and data of the dial indicator is observed and recorded.
4) Carrying out an anti-cutting test on the rock mass sample by using the testing device, and dismantling the testing device after the test is finished to prepare for the next test; the specific operation of the anti-cutting test is that a testing device consisting of a cushion block, a force transmission column 3 supported by a support, a cushion block 1, a jack 4 supported by the support and a bearing plate 2 is sequentially arranged at the lower end of one side of a sample, and two groups of testing devices are arranged up and down on the other side surface of the sample, wherein one group of testing devices is arranged corresponding to the testing device on the opposite side in the horizontal direction; a steel beam for mounting the dial indicators 5 is arranged above the sample, the two dial indicators 5 are arranged on the steel beam for measuring the deformation of the upper surface of the sample, and the jack 4 is connected with the electric hydraulic pump; after the test device is installed, the electric hydraulic pump is started to pressurize the jack 4, and data of the dial indicator is observed and recorded. In this step, the force transfer column 3 supported by the support and the jack 4 supported by the support in the upper test device in the two groups of test devices are arranged on the support.
5) And carrying out a shear test on the rock mass sample by using the testing device, and dismantling the testing device after the test is completed. The concrete operation of carrying out the shear test is that the upper end face of the sample is sequentially provided with a cushion block 1, a jack 4, a cushion block 1, a force transmission column 3 and a bearing plate 2, one side face of the sample is sequentially provided with the cushion block 1, the force transmission column 3 supported by a support, the cushion block 1, the jack 4 supported by the support and the bearing plate 2, a dial indicator 5 used for testing the deformation of the bearing plate is arranged above the bearing plate 2 in surface contact with the sample, and two groups of dial indicators used for testing the deformation of the sample are arranged on the two side faces of the sample from top to bottom.
The testing method mainly tests the mechanical deformation parameters of the rock-soil body on site in a tunnel or roadway, the testing device is easy to machine and assemble, convenient and easy to operate, and can also perform comprehensive tests of a plurality of parameters, the comprehensive utilization rate of the rock-soil body sample is high, the obtained parameters are comprehensive, and the testing accuracy is high.
The following are specific examples:
in this embodiment, a uniaxial compression test, a vertical bearing plate test, a horizontal bearing plate test, a shear test and a shear test need to be performed on a rock-soil mass sample, and finally, comprehensive mechanical deformation parameters of the rock mass are obtained. First, a test member is processed or purchased at a construction site, and the test member is assembled in various forms as needed to form a test apparatus. The test component comprises a plurality of bearing plates, a jack, a displacement meter, a plurality of cushion blocks, a plurality of dial indicators and dial indicator supports, an electric hydraulic pump and a plurality of steel beams. The test is performed at the construction site of the tunnel, and reference numeral 8 in fig. 1 to 5 denotes a tunnel surrounding rock. Before the test, selecting a section with good integrity of the rock soil body and good stability of the surrounding rock in the tunnel, and utilizing a pedestrian passageway or adit to manufacture a rock soil body test sample on site and carrying out the test, wherein the height of the pedestrian passageway or adit is about 2-3m and the width is about 2 m. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) manufacturing a rock mass sample 7; the rock mass sample 7 is cuboid, and the specific size is that the length and the width are controlled to be 0.5 m-0.8 m, and the height is controlled to be 1 m-1.2 m.
2) And simultaneously carrying out uniaxial compression test and vertical bearing plate 2 test on the rock mass sample 7 by using the testing device. The test parts selected in the test in the step comprise two bearing plates 2, a jack 4, a cushion block, a force transmission column 3, a plurality of dial indicators 5, a plurality of support seats of the dial indicators 5, a plurality of steel beams 6 and an electric hydraulic pump. The bearing plate 2 is a square steel plate, the thickness of the bearing plate 2 is controlled to be 4 cm-6 cm, and the side length is controlled to be 0.5 m-0.8 m.
At first at the up end of sample by lower vertical bearing plate 2, jack 4, cushion, dowel post 3 and bearing plate 2 of placing in proper order on to, the bearing plate 2 of the top uses the stock to fix through bolted connection in order to prevent that it from dropping. Two steel beams 6 are symmetrically arranged on two sides below the bearing plate 2 fixed by the anchor rod, and one end parts of the two steel beams 6 are anchored on the side wall of the tunnel. The method comprises the steps that a dial indicator 5 for testing deformation of a bearing plate 2 is arranged on a steel beam 6, after the dial indicator 5 is installed on a support of the dial indicator 5, the support of the dial indicator 5 is fixed on the steel beam 6, and a measuring head of the dial indicator 5 is in contact with the lower end face of the bearing plate 2. A dial indicator 5 for testing the deformation of the pressure bearing plate 2 is arranged above the pressure bearing plate 2 which is in contact with the upper surface of the sample, and two groups of dial indicators 5 for testing the deformation of the sample are arranged on the upper and lower sides of both side surfaces of the sample; the concrete setting is as using girder steel 6 as the support frame, and percentage table 5 is installed on girder steel 6 through percentage table 5 support, and the measuring head of percentage table 5 contacts with the side of sample and the upper end face of a piece of bearing plate 2 that contacts with the sample. And connecting the jack 4 with the electric hydraulic pump, and finishing the assembly of the testing device. After the test device is installed, the electric hydraulic pump is started to pressurize the jack 4, and data of the dial indicator 5 are observed and recorded. And after the test is finished, the test device is detached to prepare for the next test. The dial indicators 5 for measuring the two bearing plates 2 in the test are all provided with 4, the four dial indicators 5 are arranged at four corners of the bearing plates 2, and measuring heads of the four dial indicators 5 are 5 cm-10 cm away from the edges of the bearing plates 2. As shown in particular in figure 1.
3) And carrying out the test of the horizontal bearing plate 2 on the rock mass sample 7 by using the testing device. The test parts selected in the test in the step comprise four cushion blocks, two force transmission columns 3, two bearing plates 2, two jacks 4, an electric hydraulic pump and a plurality of dial indicators 5 and 5 supports. The width of the cushion block is controlled to be 0.5-0.8 m, the thickness is controlled to be 4-6 cm, the bearing plate 2 is a square steel plate, the thickness of the bearing plate 2 is controlled to be 4-6 cm, and the side length is controlled to be 0.5-0.8 m.
The concrete operation of the test of the pressure bearing horizontal plate 2 is to arrange a set of test devices on both side surfaces of the test sample. The testing device of each group is sequentially provided with a cushion block, a force transmission column 3, a cushion block, a jack 4 and a bearing plate 2 in the horizontal direction, the bearing plate 2 is in contact with the side surface of the tunnel, and the two groups of testing devices are uniformly arranged on two sides of the sample. Four dial indicators 5 are respectively arranged at four corners of the bearing plate 2 by using L-shaped force transmission frames. Two bearing plates 2 all use four percentage table 5 to measure, and four percentage table 5 are located four angles of bearing plate 2. Connecting the jack 4 with an electric hydraulic pump; after the test device is installed, the electric hydraulic pump is started to pressurize the jack 4, and data of the dial indicator 5 are observed and recorded. After the test is finished, the testing device is dismantled to prepare for the next test; as shown in fig. 2 and 3.
4) And performing a cut resistance test on the rock mass sample 7 by using the testing device. The test parts selected in the test in the step comprise six cushion blocks, three bearing plates 2, three jacks 4, three force transmission columns 3, a plurality of steel beams 6, an electric hydraulic pump, a plurality of dial indicators 5 and 5 supports. The width of the cushion block is controlled to be 0.5-0.8 m, the thickness is controlled to be 4-6 cm, the bearing plate 2 is a square steel plate, the thickness of the bearing plate 2 is controlled to be 4-6 cm, and the side length is controlled to be 0.5-0.8 m. In addition, the device also comprises an auxiliary support and a bracket.
The anti-cutting test is carried out by arranging a group of test devices on one side of the sample and two groups of test devices on the other side of the sample in a vertically distributed manner. The testing device of each group is sequentially provided with a cushion block, a force transmission column 3, a cushion block, a jack 4 and a bearing plate 2 which is contacted with the side wall of the roadway according to the horizontal direction, and supports are used for ensuring the stability of the jack 4 and the force transmission column 3. And two groups of testing devices are arranged on the other side surface of the sample up and down, wherein one group of testing devices is arranged corresponding to the testing device on the opposite side in the horizontal direction. The test parts of the three sets of test devices are all identical in construction. A steel beam 6 for mounting the dial indicators 5 is arranged above the sample, and the two dial indicators 5 are arranged on the steel beam 6 for measuring the deformation of the upper surface of the sample. The dial indicator 5 is installed on the 5 supports of the dial indicator, the 5 supports of the dial indicator are fixed with the steel beam 6 through the 5 supports of the dial indicator, and the measuring head of the dial indicator 5 is in contact with the upper surface of the sample. In the specific measurement, four dial indicators 5 are provided to measure the deformation amounts of the four corners of the sample. As shown in particular in fig. 5.
The jack 4 is connected with an electric hydraulic pump. After the test device is installed, the electric hydraulic pump is started to pressurize the jack 4, and the data of the dial indicator 5 is observed and recorded. And after the test is finished, the test device is detached to prepare for the next test. When two sets of test devices are arranged in the step, a bracket formed by welding angle irons is additionally arranged to support the test devices positioned above, in particular to support a force transmission column 3 supported by a support and a jack 4 supported by the support.
5) And performing a shear test on the rock mass sample 7 by using the testing device. The test parts selected in the test in the step comprise two bearing plates 2, two force transmission columns 3, four cushion blocks, two jacks 4, a plurality of dial indicators 5, support seats of the dial indicators 5, a plurality of steel beams 6 and an electric hydraulic pump. The bearing plate 2 is a square steel plate, the thickness of the bearing plate 2 is controlled to be 4 cm-6 cm, and the side length is controlled to be 0.5 m-0.8 m.
The concrete operation of carrying out the shear test is that a cushion block, a jack 4, a cushion block, a force transmission column 3 and a bearing plate 2 contacted with the top of the tunnel are sequentially arranged on the upper end face of the sample from bottom to top, and a cushion block contacted with the sample, a force transmission column 3 supported by a support, a cushion block, a jack 4 supported by a support and a bearing plate 2 contacted with the side wall of the tunnel are sequentially arranged on one side face of the sample. And a dial indicator 5 for testing the deformation of the bearing plate 2 is arranged above the bearing plate 2 in contact with the upper surface of the sample, and two groups of dial indicators 5 for testing the deformation of the sample are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the two side surfaces of the sample. The method comprises the following steps of specifically setting a steel beam 6 as a support frame of a dial indicator 5, setting the dial indicator 5 for testing the deformation of a bearing plate 2 on the steel beam 6, installing the dial indicator 5 on a support of the dial indicator 5, fixing the support of the dial indicator 5 on the steel beam 6, and contacting a measuring head of the dial indicator 5 with the upper end face of the bearing plate 2 in contact with the upper surface of a sample and the side face of the sample. The dial indicators 5 for measuring the bearing plate 2 in the test are 4, the four dial indicators 5 are arranged at four corners of the bearing plate 2, and the measuring heads of the four dial indicators 5 are 5 cm-10 cm away from the edge of the bearing plate 2. As shown in particular in fig. 4.
After the test device is installed, the electric hydraulic pump is started to pressurize the jack 4, and data of the dial indicator 5 are observed and recorded. And (5) dismantling the testing device after the test is finished, and finishing the comprehensive test.
6) Assay data processing
6-1, performing uniaxial compression test, analyzing the transverse deformation and the vertical deformation of the sample according to the measurement record, calculating the Poisson ratio (mu) of the sample, drawing a pressure and sample vertical deformation curve, and calculating the elastic modulus (Ev) of the sample in the vertical direction according to the Poisson ratio (mu).
6-2, drawing a pressure-vertical deformation curve according to the measured data, calculating the vertical elastic modulus (Ev) of the rock-soil body through the Poisson ratio (mu) measured by the uniaxial compression test of the sample, and comparing and correcting the vertical elastic modulus (Ev) with the vertical elastic modulus (Ev) measured by the uniaxial compression test.
6-3, drawing a pressure-horizontal deformation curve according to the measured data, and calculating the horizontal elastic modulus (Eh) of the rock-soil body through the Poisson's ratio (mu) measured by the uniaxial compression test of the sample
6-4, shear stress is converted through the lateral jack pressure and the sample shearing area in the shear stress resistance test, a shear stress-shear displacement curve is drawn according to the measured data, and the sample cohesion force (c) is calculated
6-5, performing a shear test, converting shear stress through the horizontal jack pressure and the sample shear area, converting normal stress through the vertical jack pressure and the sample pressure-bearing area, drawing a shear stress-shear displacement curve according to measurement data, and calculating the internal friction angle (phi) of the sample by using the cohesive force (c) measured by the anti-cutting test.
The data obtained by the four tests are compared, corrected and comprehensively analyzed, so that various mechanical deformation parameters such as the elastic modulus (E), the Poisson ratio (mu), the cohesive force (c), the internal friction angle (phi) and the like of the rock-soil body can be obtained, and scientific basis can be provided for tunnel engineering design, construction and related computational analysis.
The testing method mainly tests the mechanical parameters of the rock-soil body on site in a tunnel or roadway, the testing device is easy to machine and assemble, convenient and easy to operate, and can also perform comprehensive tests of a plurality of parameters, the rock-soil body sample has high comprehensive utilization rate, comprehensive acquired parameters, high testing accuracy and good economic benefit.
Claims (6)
1. A comprehensive test method for rock-soil body in-situ mechanical parameters is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out uniaxial compression test, vertical bearing plate test, horizontal bearing plate test, anti-cutting test and shearing test on the rock-soil mass sample on a construction site by using a testing device; the testing device is formed by selecting testing components according to a test, wherein the testing components comprise a plurality of bearing plates, a jack, a displacement meter, a plurality of cushion blocks, a plurality of dial indicators and dial indicator supports, an electric hydraulic pump, a plurality of steel beams and steel supports; selecting a section with good rock-soil body integrity and surrounding rock stability in the tunnel, and utilizing a pedestrian passageway or a adit to manufacture a rock-soil body sample on site and carrying out a test; the method comprises the following steps of,
1) manufacturing a rock-soil mass sample on site;
2) simultaneously carrying out a uniaxial compression test and a vertical bearing plate test on the rock-soil mass sample by using the testing device, and removing the testing device after the tests are finished to prepare for the next test;
3) carrying out a horizontal bearing plate test on the rock-soil body sample by using the testing device, and dismantling the testing device after the test is finished to prepare for the next test;
4) carrying out an anti-cutting test on the rock-soil body sample by using the testing device, and dismantling the testing device after the test is finished to prepare for the next test;
5) carrying out a shear test on the rock-soil body sample by using a testing device, and dismantling the testing device after the test is finished;
6) processing the test data to obtain rock-soil body in-situ mechanical parameters;
the concrete operation of carrying on uniaxial compression test and vertical bearing plate test is, place bearing plate, jack, cushion, force-transmitting column and bearing plate vertically sequentially on the upper end face of the sample, use the anchor rod to fix the bearing plate of top, the bilateral symmetry below the bearing plate of top sets up two girder steels, set up the dial indicator used for testing the bearing plate to deform on the girder steel, set up the dial indicator used for testing the bearing plate to deform above the bearing plate in contact with surface on the sample, set up two sets of dial indicators used for testing the sample to deform on both sides of the sample; the jack is connected with the electric hydraulic pump; after the testing device is installed, the electric hydraulic pump is started to pressurize the jack, and data of the dial indicator are observed and recorded.
2. The comprehensive test method for in-situ mechanical parameters of rock and soil mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concrete operation for carrying out the horizontal bearing plate test is that a cushion block, a force transmission column, a cushion block, a jack and a bearing plate are sequentially arranged on two side surfaces of a sample according to the horizontal direction, four dial indicators are respectively arranged at four corners of the bearing plate by using L-shaped force transmission frames, and the jack is connected with an electric hydraulic pump; after the testing device is installed, the electric hydraulic pump is started to pressurize the jack, and data of the dial indicator are observed and recorded.
3. The comprehensive test method for in-situ mechanical parameters of rock and soil mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concrete operation of the anti-cutting test is that a testing device consisting of a cushion block, a force transmission column supported by a support, the cushion block, a jack supported by the support and a bearing plate is sequentially placed at the lower end of one side of a sample, and a group of testing devices are respectively arranged on the other side of the sample from top to bottom, wherein the group of testing devices are arranged corresponding to the testing device on the opposite side in the horizontal direction; a steel beam for mounting the dial indicators is arranged above the sample, the two dial indicators are arranged on the steel beam and used for measuring the deformation of the upper surface of the sample, and the jack is connected with the electric hydraulic pump; after the testing device is installed, the electric hydraulic pump is started to pressurize the jack, and data of the dial indicator are observed and recorded.
4. The comprehensive test method for in-situ mechanical parameters of rock and soil mass according to claim 3, characterized in that: the force transmission column supported by the support and the jack supported by the support in the test device positioned above in the two groups of test devices are arranged on the bracket.
5. The comprehensive test method for in-situ mechanical parameters of rock and soil mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concrete operation of carrying out the shear test is that the cushion block, the jack, the cushion block, the force transmission column and the bearing plate are sequentially arranged on the upper end face of the sample, the cushion block, the force transmission column supported by the support, the cushion block, the jack supported by the support and the bearing plate are sequentially arranged on one side face of the sample, the dial indicator for testing the deformation of the bearing plate is arranged above the bearing plate in surface contact with the upper surface of the sample, and two groups of dial indicators for testing the deformation of the sample are arranged on the other side face of the sample.
6. The comprehensive test method for in-situ mechanical parameters of rock and soil mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: the analytical processing of the test data used the following method,
1. the uniaxial compression test is carried out, the horizontal deformation and the vertical deformation of the sample are analyzed according to the measurement record, the Poisson ratio (mu) of the sample is calculated, a pressure and sample vertical deformation curve is drawn, and the elastic modulus (Ev) of the sample in the vertical direction is calculated through the Poisson ratio (mu);
2. the vertical bearing plate experiment is carried out, a pressure-vertical deformation curve is drawn according to measurement data, the vertical elastic modulus (Ev) of the rock-soil body is calculated through the Poisson ratio (mu) measured by the uniaxial compression test of the sample, and the vertical elastic modulus (Ev) is compared and corrected with the vertical elastic modulus (Ev) measured by the uniaxial compression test;
3. in the horizontal bearing plate experiment, a pressure-horizontal deformation curve is drawn according to measurement data, and the horizontal elastic modulus (Eh) of the rock-soil body is calculated through the Poisson's ratio (mu) measured by the uniaxial compression test of the sample;
4. a shear resistance test, namely converting shear stress through the lateral jack pressure and the sample shear area, drawing a shear stress-shear displacement curve according to measurement data, and calculating the sample cohesive force (c);
5. and in the shearing test, the shearing stress is converted through the horizontal jack pressure and the shearing area of the sample, the normal stress is converted through the vertical jack pressure and the pressure bearing area of the sample, a shearing stress-shearing displacement curve is drawn according to the measurement data, and the internal friction angle (phi) of the sample is calculated through the cohesive force (c) measured by the anti-shearing test.
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