CN111693364A - Stratified rock mass annular strain multi-point testing method - Google Patents
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/066—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with electrical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0617—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a stratified rock body circumferential strain multipoint testing method, which is characterized in that strain of a stratified rock body is detected through force transducers arranged on synchronous deformation belts annularly sleeved on a rock body test piece, at least two synchronous deformation belts are arranged, a gap is reserved between adjacent synchronous deformation belts, and the rock body test piece is a stratified rock. The invention can test the annular strain of the stratified rock sample at multiple measuring points, and ensures that the annular strain test data meets the subsequent rock mechanics data analysis precision when the stratified rock sample is subjected to single-axis and three-axis compression tests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to rock mass measurement, in particular to a layered rock mass circumferential strain multipoint testing method.
Background
When carrying out conventional unipolar, triaxial compression test to the rock sample, mainly carry out the measurement of rock sample hoop strain through fixed point hoop strainometer at present, and can only measure the hoop strain of a position of sample, to conventional rock sample, because there is not structural plane's existence, fixed point hoop strainometer can satisfy the rock sample that does not contain the structural plane and carry out the hoop strain measurement of conventional unipolar, triaxial compression sample.
For the rock sample containing the structural plane, the existence of the structural plane causes the stratified rock mass to have obvious anisotropy, so under the condition of axial stress, the rock sample has deformation with great difference under different structural plane angle conditions, and different heights of the sample have deformation, therefore, the fixed point annular strain gauge which can only monitor a single point cannot meet the annular strain test of the stratified rock mass in the uniaxial and triaxial compression tests, so that the annular strain gauge which can only test one point is required to be improved to meet the annular strain test precision requirement of the stratified rock mass in the uniaxial and triaxial tests.
The existing hoop strain measurement is single-point measurement for a conventional rock sample, and has certain limitation and deficiency for the sample with a structural surface.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a stratified rock mass annular strain multipoint testing method, which is characterized in that strain of a stratified rock mass is detected through a force measuring sensor arranged on a synchronous deformation zone annularly sleeved on a rock mass test piece, at least two synchronous deformation zones are arranged, a gap is reserved between adjacent synchronous deformation zones, and the rock mass test piece is stratified rock.
Preferably, the strain of the stratified rock mass is obtained by:
a. obtaining the deformation of the synchronous deformation belt through a force sensor:
in the formula: Δ xiFor synchronizing the deformation of the deformation band, uiIs the output voltage of the force transducer, m is the conversion proportionality coefficient of the force transducer, and m is equal to m0Fm/UmIn which F ismFor measuring the range of tension, UmIs the voltage range, m0K is the elastic coefficient of the synchronous deformation zone;
b. obtaining the circumferential strain of the rock mass test piece at the position of the force transducer:
in the formula:ithe circumferential strain of the rock mass test piece at the position of the force transducer is measured, and d is the diameter of the rock mass test piece;
c. obtaining the average circumferential strain of the rock mass test piece:
in the formula:
the average circumferential strain of the rock mass test piece is shown, and n is the number of synchronous deformation zones.
Further, the present invention also includes:
d. obtaining the hoop strain of the joint concentrated part:
in the formula:joint(s)In order to control the circumferential strain at the joint concentration part, n0The deformations at the locations in the joint set are numbered.
Preferably, the synchronous deformation zone is sleeved on the joint of the rock mass test piece.
Further, before the synchronous deformation belt is sleeved on the rock mass test piece, the surface of the rock mass test piece is polished, and the polished surface of the rock mass test piece meets the requirements on the surface smoothness of the test piece in the uniaxial triaxial compression test.
Preferably, the rock mass test piece is sleeved with the synchronous deformation belt, the synchronous deformation belt is preloaded, and formal loading and testing are performed after the synchronous deformation belt is tightly attached to the rock mass test piece.
Preferably, the formal loading adopts a step-by-step loading method.
Preferably, the tail end of the opening of the synchronous deformation belt is connected with force measuring sensors, the force measuring sensors are electrically connected with a test control system, and the number of the force measuring sensors is the same as that of the synchronous deformation belt; the signal output line of the force transducer is positioned in the steel pipe, and the force transducer and the test control system are both arranged on the steel pipe; the steel pipes comprise horizontal steel pipes and vertical steel pipes, the horizontal steel pipes are connected with the vertical steel pipes, the horizontal steel pipes are communicated with the interior of the vertical steel pipes, the force measuring sensors are installed at the free ends of the horizontal steel pipes, the number of the horizontal steel pipes is the same as that of the force measuring sensors, and the test control system is installed on the vertical steel pipes.
Preferably, the force cell is resistance strain type force sensor, resistance strain type force sensor is screw bolt type force sensor, screw bolt type force sensor's bolt passes through rings, lifting hook with synchronous deformation band and is connected.
Preferably, the synchronous deformation belt is an elastic band.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. because the deformation difference of the stratified rock test piece of the jointed rock mass at different heights is larger, the invention can carry out multi-point test on the hoop strain of the stratified rock mass test piece, and ensures that the hoop strain test data meets the analysis precision of subsequent rock mechanics data when the stratified rock mass test piece carries out single-shaft and three-shaft compression tests.
2. The synchronous deformation test material adopts an elastic rubber belt, adopts a steel pipe frame (formed by connecting a horizontal steel pipe and a vertical steel pipe) to fix the test equipment and guide a lead, has lower cost and simple structure, and the whole device is fixed into a whole, so that the test operation is more convenient.
3. The invention can test the average annular strain of the rock mass test piece and also can test the annular strain of the joint concentrated part of the rock mass test piece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the testing of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of a synchronous deformation zone and a force cell during testing of a rock mass test piece distributed in a single joint and in the joint;
FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of a synchronous deformation zone and a force cell during testing of a rock mass test piece with a plurality of joints and dispersed joints;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a testing apparatus used in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the load cell and synchronous deformation belt connection.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides the stratified rock mass annular strain multi-point testing device and the method which are convenient to operate, low in cost and simple in structure, so that annular strain testing data can meet the analysis precision of subsequent rock mechanics data when a stratified rock sample is subjected to single-axis and three-axis compression tests. The adopted testing device comprises a synchronous deformation testing material, a force transducer, a steel pipe frame and a testing control system. Wherein, the synchronous deformation test material is an elastic band; the force measuring sensor is connected with the tail end of the opening of the synchronous deformation material; the steel pipe frame fixes the force transducer and the test control system, and leads out a signal output line of the force transducer to be connected to the test control system; the test control system is connected with the information of the force transducer, combines the mechanical parameters of the synchronous deformation material to obtain the circumferential strain of each measuring point of the stratified rock mass test piece, and then connects out the test data signal.
Specifically, the testing step comprises:
1. polishing the surface of the rock test piece before loading, meeting the requirements on the surface smoothness of test pieces such as single-shaft and three-shaft compression and ensuring that the test piece is closely attached to an elastic band;
2. pre-loading is carried out before formal loading, the elastic band is pre-tightened, and the close adhesion of the test piece and the elastic band is further ensured;
3. if the related test needs to adopt a step-by-step loading method, the next step of loading is carried out after the test data is stably read and recorded.
The data processing in the test control system comprises the following steps:
1. sensor ciMeasuring the deformation delta x of the elastic bandi：
ui-a tension sensor ciOutputting a voltage signal;
m-sensor signal conversion proportionality coefficient, m being m0Fm/UmIn which F ismFor measuring the range of tension, UmIs the voltage range, m0Is the corresponding sensor error coefficient;
k is elastic coefficient of the elastic band;
Δxisensor ciAnd measuring the deformation of the elastic band.
2. Sensor ciCircumferential strain of rock specimen at positioni：
d-rock specimen diameter;
isensor ciAnd the circumferential strain of the rock test piece at the position.
3. Average hoop strain of rock specimen
① for multi-layer joint and joint-dispersed rock test pieceTaking 6 elastic bands as an example (n is 6), the average hoop strain within the range of the whole height of the test piece
① for a rock specimen with single lamellar joint, joint concentration distribution, 6 rubber bands for example (n is 6), except to focus on the average hoop strain over the entire height of the specimen
In addition, attention should be paid to joint concentration and hoop strain
As shown in figure 2, the rock mass test piece is in single-layer joint and joint centralized distribution, taking 6 rubber bands as an example, the rubber bands and the sensor ciThe arrangement is as follows:
firstly, arranging 4 rubber bands with the density higher than that of the joint surface in the height L of the joint surface, and arranging the 4 rubber bands at equal intervals in the height L of the joint surface;
force sensors c 1-c 6 are arranged along the annular direction at equal angles (60 degrees), and the sensors c2, c3, c4 and c5 at the joint position are prevented from being arranged at the joint crack as much as possible;
as shown in FIG. 3, the rock mass test piece has multi-layer joints and distributed joints, and takes 6 rubber bands as an example, the rubber bands and the sensor ciThe arrangement is as follows:
① since the whole test piece is distributed with joints, the rubber band is equidistant l in the height H of the test piece0Laying;
force sensors c 1-c 6 are arranged along the annular direction at equal angles (60 degrees), and the sensors are prevented from being arranged at joint cracks as far as possible;
as shown in fig. 4, the present invention may employ the following test apparatus: the test device comprises a synchronous deformation belt 2 used for annularly sleeving a stratified rock mass sample 1, wherein the synchronous deformation belt 2 is an elastic rubber band belt, during testing, the joint crack 3 is sleeved by the synchronous deformation belt 2, the tail end of an opening of the synchronous deformation belt 2 is connected with a force measuring sensor 4, and the force measuring sensor 4 is electrically connected with a test control device 6; the synchronous deformation belts 2 have at least two, preferably 6, load cells 4, the number of which is the same as the number of synchronous deformation belts 2.
A signal output line 7 of the force measuring sensor 4 is positioned in the steel pipe 5, the steel pipe 5 comprises a horizontal steel pipe and a vertical steel pipe, the horizontal steel pipe is connected with the vertical steel pipe, the horizontal steel pipe is communicated with the interior of the vertical steel pipe, the force measuring sensor 4 is arranged at the free end of the horizontal steel pipe, the number of the horizontal steel pipes is the same as that of the force measuring sensors 4, and the test control device 6 is arranged on the vertical steel pipe; the test control device 6 is provided with a test data signal outgoing line 8.
As shown in fig. 5, the force sensor 4 is a resistance strain type force sensor, the resistance strain type force sensor is a threaded bolt type force sensor, a hanging ring 11 is arranged on a bolt 9 of the threaded bolt type force sensor, and two ends of the synchronous deformation belt 2 are provided with lifting hooks 10.
The present invention is capable of other embodiments, and various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The stratified rock mass annular strain multipoint testing method is characterized in that strain of the stratified rock mass is detected through force transducers arranged on synchronous deformation belts annularly sleeved on a rock mass test piece, the synchronous deformation belts are at least two, a gap is reserved between every two adjacent synchronous deformation belts, and the rock mass test piece is stratified rock.
2. The stratified rock mass circumferential strain multipoint testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the strain of the stratified rock mass is obtained by:
a. obtaining the deformation of the synchronous deformation belt through a force sensor:
in the formula: Δ xiFor synchronizing the deformation of the deformation band, uiIs the output voltage of the force transducer, m is the conversion proportionality coefficient of the force transducer, and m is equal to m0Fm/UmIn which F ismFor measuring the range of tension, UmIs the voltage range, m0K is the elastic coefficient of the synchronous deformation zone;
b. obtaining the circumferential strain of the rock mass test piece at the position of the force transducer:
in the formula:ithe circumferential strain of the rock mass test piece at the position of the force transducer is measured, and d is the diameter of the rock mass test piece;
c. obtaining the average circumferential strain of the rock mass test piece:
in the formula:
the average circumferential strain of the rock mass test piece is shown, and n is the number of synchronous deformation zones.
3. The stratified rock mass circumferential strain multipoint testing method according to claim 2, further comprising:
d. obtaining the hoop strain of the joint concentrated part:
in the formula:joint(s)In order to control the circumferential strain at the joint concentration part, n0The deformations at the locations in the joint set are numbered.
4. The method for testing the circumferential strain of the stratified rock mass at multiple points as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the synchronous deformation zone is sleeved on the joint of the rock mass test piece.
5. The method for testing the circumferential strain of the stratified rock mass at multiple points as claimed in claim 4, wherein the surface of the rock mass test piece is polished before the synchronous deformation zone is sleeved on the rock mass test piece, and the polished surface of the rock mass test piece meets the requirements on the surface smoothness of the test piece in the uniaxial and triaxial compression tests.
6. The method for testing the circumferential strain of the stratified rock mass at multiple points as claimed in claim 5, wherein the rock mass test piece is sleeved with the synchronous deformation zone, the synchronous deformation zone is preloaded, and after the synchronous deformation zone is tightly attached to the rock mass test piece, formal loading and testing are performed.
7. The stratified rock mass circumferential strain multipoint testing method according to claim 6, characterized in that the formal loading adopts a step-by-step loading method.
8. The method for testing the circumferential strain of the stratified rock mass at multiple points as claimed in claim 4,
the tail end of the opening of the synchronous deformation belt is connected with force measuring sensors, the force measuring sensors are electrically connected with a test control system, and the number of the force measuring sensors is the same as that of the synchronous deformation belt; the signal output line of the force transducer is positioned in the steel pipe, and the force transducer and the test control system are both arranged on the steel pipe; the steel pipes comprise horizontal steel pipes and vertical steel pipes, the horizontal steel pipes are connected with the vertical steel pipes, the horizontal steel pipes are communicated with the interior of the vertical steel pipes, the force measuring sensors are installed at the free ends of the horizontal steel pipes, the number of the horizontal steel pipes is the same as that of the force measuring sensors, and the test control system is installed on the vertical steel pipes.
9. The stratified rock mass circumferential strain multipoint testing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: the force cell is resistance strain type force sensor, resistance strain type force sensor is screw bolt type force sensor, screw bolt type force sensor's bolt passes through rings, lifting hook with synchronous deformation band and is connected.
10. The stratified rock mass circumferential strain multipoint testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the synchronous deformation belt is an elastic band.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010768510.9A CN111693364A (en) | 2020-08-03 | 2020-08-03 | Stratified rock mass annular strain multi-point testing method |
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| CN202010768510.9A CN111693364A (en) | 2020-08-03 | 2020-08-03 | Stratified rock mass annular strain multi-point testing method |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104483199A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-04-01 | 黄河勘测规划设计有限公司 | Field rock mass poisson ratio test method |
| CN106595467A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-04-26 | 唐亮 | Geotechnical three-axis experiment sample radial deformation sensor and test method |
| CN108535113A (en) * | 2018-03-25 | 2018-09-14 | 石家庄铁道大学 | A kind of horizontal layered rock mass deformation parametric synthesis determines method |
| CN109142070A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2019-01-04 | 河海大学 | Rock-soil material seepage deformation test method and test device under complex stress condition |
| CN212432783U (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2021-01-29 | 西南交通大学 | Stratified rock mass annular strain multipoint testing device |
-
2020
- 2020-08-03 CN CN202010768510.9A patent/CN111693364A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104483199A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-04-01 | 黄河勘测规划设计有限公司 | Field rock mass poisson ratio test method |
| CN106595467A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-04-26 | 唐亮 | Geotechnical three-axis experiment sample radial deformation sensor and test method |
| CN108535113A (en) * | 2018-03-25 | 2018-09-14 | 石家庄铁道大学 | A kind of horizontal layered rock mass deformation parametric synthesis determines method |
| CN109142070A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2019-01-04 | 河海大学 | Rock-soil material seepage deformation test method and test device under complex stress condition |
| CN212432783U (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2021-01-29 | 西南交通大学 | Stratified rock mass annular strain multipoint testing device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| "s型拉力传感器拉力电压的计算方法", pages 1, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.ligentcn.com/news/863.html> * |
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