CN108527876A - 用于将功能层设置在塑料构件上的方法和由它们组成的复合物 - Google Patents

用于将功能层设置在塑料构件上的方法和由它们组成的复合物 Download PDF

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CN108527876A
CN108527876A CN201810175154.2A CN201810175154A CN108527876A CN 108527876 A CN108527876 A CN 108527876A CN 201810175154 A CN201810175154 A CN 201810175154A CN 108527876 A CN108527876 A CN 108527876A
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plastic member
layer
compound
layer compound
holding device
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CN108527876B (zh
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D·詹妮弗
H·马蒂亚斯
K·斯文
M·马丁
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Heila GmbH and Co KG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/12Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with incorporated means for positioning inserts, e.g. labels
    • B29C33/14Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with incorporated means for positioning inserts, e.g. labels against the mould wall
    • B29C33/18Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with incorporated means for positioning inserts, e.g. labels against the mould wall using vacuum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B29C65/7847Holding or clamping means for handling purposes using vacuum to hold at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114Single butt joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/24Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/244Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being non-straight, e.g. forming non-closed contours
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/301Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/302Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators
    • B29C66/3022Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30223Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined said melt initiators being rib-like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8124General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the structure of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81241General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the structure of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps being porous or sintered
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/26Refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters not provided in groups F21S43/235 - F21S43/255
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/27Attachment thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/747Lightning equipment
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • G03H1/2202Reconstruction geometries or arrangements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于将功能层(10)设置到照明装置的塑料构件(11)上的方法以及由塑料构件(11)和功能层(10)组成的复合物,所述塑料构件尤其是遮挡框架、覆盖框架、承载框架、内板、保持元件或者类似物,并且所述方法至少具有以下的步骤:‑提供包括功能层(10)和基底(13)的薄膜状的层复合物(12),‑将所述层复合物(12)装入到接纳装置(14)中,‑在所述接纳装置(14)中接通负压并且经由接纳装置(14)的抽吸面(15)对层复合物(12)抽吸,‑将所述塑料构件(11)设置到层复合物(12)上,并且‑借助焊接方法或者借助粘合方法将层复合物(12)与塑料构件(11)至少局部地焊接或者粘合。

Description

用于将功能层设置在塑料构件上的方法和由它们组成的复 合物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于将功能层设置到照明装置的塑料构件上的方法,所述塑料构件尤其是遮挡框架、覆盖框架、承载框架、内板、覆盖板(Abdeckscheibe)、保持元件或者类似物,其中,功能层尤其是包括全息图。
背景技术
如今车辆的前照灯和尾灯不仅是功能元件,而且也是风格元件,其对车辆的整体外观具有重要贡献。法律规定的功能通过折射的光学系统(例如反光镜、透镜、全内反射体或者光导体)构成并且设计为具有多个部件的复杂系统。除了已知的折射的光学系统之外,未来也将渐增地使用衍射的或者说全息的光学系统,这些衍射的或者说全息的光学系统只有借助LED光源和激光光源的应用和持续的发展方可被使用。全息光学系统不仅能够作为在构件上的表面结构而且也能够作为所谓的体积全息图借助作为全息信息的载体的光敏聚合物层实现。
此外,存在具有不同的散射特性的衍射光学薄膜,这些衍射光学薄膜能够作为光学散光器或者漫射器在光学系统中使用并且为了形成限定的光分布也能够在车辆的光系统中使用或者装饰薄膜用于构件的风格实施。
因此,具有已施加的、包括全息图的功能层的塑料构件未来也将应用在用于车辆的照明装置中,尤其是为了作为光学元件使用和/或满足附加的设计功能和改进照明装置的视觉外观。用于车辆的照明装置首要的是具有功能特性,但是最近也附加地提出了风格方面的要求,以便例如为了彰显车辆的特色而使照明装置变得个性化。在此,必须提供照明功能(例如近光灯、远光灯、动态随动转向灯和静态随动转向灯)或者信号功能(例如尾灯、制动灯、转向指示器、倒车灯和后雾灯)以及能够作为反光信号装置显示当前的车辆状态,其中,照明装置此外能够包括设计元件、例如个性化构造的或者压印的表面,其中,全息图也用于彰显前照灯或者尾灯的特色。
例如,DE102007053399A1公开一种具有全息图的照明装置,所述全息图构成可运动的、形成射束的部件,该部件构成用于匹配光引导装置的器件。全息图也越来越多地用于装饰目的,例如以便除了技术功能之外实现设计功能。尤其是能够使用装入功能层中的全息图。功能层必须被施加到载体(例如透明的塑料体)上。在此,塑料体能够有利地构成照明装置的镜片(Lichtscheibe),或者塑料体构成框架、遮挡框架、承载框架、位于内部的被照明的构件、例如附加镜片、反光镜或者不透明的可视面或者类似物。在此,特殊之处在于,具有包括全息图的功能层的塑料体能够从可被观察者从照明装置的外侧看见的一侧被遮盖。也存在如下的可能性:将功能层在框架状的塑料构件中张开,并且要么在俯视方法(Drauflichtverfahren)中要么借助背面的照明装置照明。
因此,全息技术未来也将增强地用于照明装置,尤其是作为光学的和/或图像的元件在照明装置中使用。全息图能够(由真实的物体)模拟产生、写入或者作为计算技术生成的全息图被创建。计算机生成的全息图因此能够构成任何任意的发光面、签名、物体或者类似物,这是因为作为照明信息写入全息介质中的全息图像能够以任意的方式构造。
DE102013206043A1公开一种构件的制造过程,在该制造过程中,在制造工具中具有负全息图的模具阴模作用到构件上,并且因此,全息图在制造过程中集成地通过制造工具的作用被压印到构件上。该方法是有利的,使得借助固定地集成在构件上的全息图能够确保防剽窃保护。此外,能够实现内饰和外壳构件(例如车辆部件)的局部的个性化。不利的是,工具的制造费用高昂并且在制造由全息图和塑料构件组成的组合件的方面不灵活。进一步地,借助此方法可产生的效果相比于光敏聚合物全息图不太生动并且看起来不太立体。这些制造方法的已知的应用是具有用于安全特征的全息图的薄膜,所述安全特征例如用于纸币、产品标签或者证件。
在其中装入了全息图的功能层仅具有非常小的厚度,例如小于100μm。通常,这样薄的层被作为涂层施加到载体上,例如施加到载体薄膜上或者塑料体上以制造塑料构件。由于光敏聚合物层作为光敏层必须通过相应的包装和相应的处理进行保护,以免受到意外的光射入,直至其被用于全息信息的写入过程,因此在制造过程中,薄膜技术比涂装的塑料体更好且更简单。
发明内容
本发明的任务是,提供一种用于将功能层设置在照明装置的塑料构件上的方法,其中,功能层应当以简单的和经济的方式被安装到塑料构件上或者与其相结合。尤其是应当借助功能层和塑料构件构成一个复合物,该复合物在整体上牢固耐损,并且所述非常薄的和敏感的功能层应当受到保护。
该任务从根据权利要求1的前序部分的方法出发和从根据权利要求9的前序部分的复合物出发利用具有相应的特征部分特征得到解决。本发明的有利的改进方案在从属权利要求中说明。
根据本发明,所述方法至少规定以下的步骤:提供包括功能层和基底的层复合物;将层复合物装入到接纳装置中;在接纳装置中接通负压并且经由接纳装置的抽吸面抽吸层复合物;将塑料构件设置到层复合物上并且借助焊接方法或者粘合方法将层复合物与塑料构件至少局部地相连接。
焊接方法(尤其是超声波焊接方法)能够在诸多参数方面有利地调整,使得所述非常敏感的并且薄的功能层的焊接成为可能,而不会在规定的光技术的使用区域内将其损坏。本发明的核心构思尤其是在于,功能层首先与基底被共同连接成一个层复合物,使得层复合物在整体上更具有耐用性,尤其是当基底比具有写入的全息图的功能层具有明显更大的厚度时。在此,层复合物的操纵和层复合物与塑料构件的焊接能够借助如下的参数实现,所述参数同样应用于基本常用的超声波焊接方法。为了所述焊接,所述较大的、稳定的塑料构件被容纳在超声波发生器中并且被压向已经借助负压支承在接纳装置的抽吸面上的层复合物。尤其是在边缘侧上,能够由此借助超声波焊接以如下的方式产生焊接连接:借助超声波发生器朝向接纳装置产生超声波振动,使得接纳装置构成一种铁砧。通过在抽吸面上的负压使层复合物这样剧烈地被拉向接纳装置,使得层复合物的操纵完全随着所述稳定的接纳装置的操纵进行。在焊接连接建立之后,塑料构件被从超声波发生器的容纳部中松开,并且负压被断开,使得所述由塑料构件和焊接上的层复合物组成的成品的复合物能够被取下。
尤其能够规定,层复合物以如下的定向被装入到接纳装置中,在该定向的情况下,基底指向抽吸面的方向并且由此使功能层邻接塑料构件的焊接区域。替选地可能的是,层复合物以如下的定向被装入到接纳装置中,在该定向的情况下,功能层指向抽吸面的方向并且基底邻接塑料构件。例如,功能层具有10μm至60μm的厚度,并且基底例如具有50μm至400μm的厚度。因此能够与层复合物在布置在接纳装置的抽吸面上的情况下的定向不相关地实现对整个层的焊接,使得在功能层贴靠在塑料构件上的情况下,基底也同样被一起焊接。其原因尤其在于功能层的特别小的厚度。
按照根据本发明的方法的一个另外的方面,层复合物的所述至少局部的焊接在相对于塑料构件升温的情况下实施。为此,尤其能够规定,至少接纳装置的抽吸面在层复合物与塑料构件的所述至少局部的焊接之前和/或期间被加热,尤其是借助存在于接纳装置中的加热单元被加热。如果在所实施的焊接过程之后并且在由塑料构件和层复合物组成的复合物被取下之后层复合物冷却,则在塑料构件上的层复合物产生机械应力,这是因为层复合物由于冷却收缩。结果是得到所焊接的层复合物的、用于高品质地实施全息功能的平滑无波的面。
尤其是当焊缝构造成环绕的,使得塑料构件构成环绕地接纳薄膜的焊接框架时,于是实现特别良好的结果。通过在焊接之后层复合物的冷却,并且尤其是在断开负压和取下复合物之后,产生设置在塑料构件上的层复合物的应力。由此实现层复合物的无折痕的布置并且因而功能层在塑料构件上的无折痕的布置,以便产生全息图的可复制的和在装饰方面具有吸引力的外观。
根据所述方法的一种另外的有利的构造方案,借助多孔金属体提供接纳装置的抽吸面,经由所述多孔金属体能够在层复合物上产生面状的负压。替选地也存在这样的可能性,构造具有较大数量的吸孔的实心材料,经由所述吸孔使层复合物被抽吸到抽吸面上。多孔金属体(尤其是多孔铝,优选以商标名称Metapor已知的泡沫铝材)能够实现产生用于抽吸所述层的全表面的负压。
例如能够使用全表面的塑料构件、例如镜片以设置在层复合物上,其中,层复合物经由接片与塑料构件压紧并且焊接,使得在所述全表面的塑料构件和层复合物之间产生间距。接片例如能够环绕地被装入到塑料构件中并且沿着所述环绕的焊接框架实施,使得如果层复合物设置在所述环绕的焊接框架和接片之间,则接片与接纳装置的所述环绕的焊接框架叠置。如果塑料构件被压紧到接纳装置上,则接片也被压紧到抽吸装置的所述环绕的焊接框架上,并且层复合物的薄膜密封接纳装置的抽吸面。在借助超声波方法实施焊接连接和将由塑料构件和层复合物组成的复合物取下之后,层复合物能够冷却,并且在层复合物中形成面状的应力,其中,作为结果,层复合物经由接片与塑料构件的表面间隔开地张开。
也可能的是,使用框架状的塑料构件,使得层复合物在焊接之后在框架状的塑料构件中自由地张开。尤其是如果塑料构件构成具有相应的凹口的承载框架、覆盖框架或者类似物,于是实现如下的可能性:具有包括全息图的功能层的层复合物在透光过程中适用。该实施方案有利地适合用于降低组件的重量。
本发明进一步针对由功能层和照明装置的塑料构件组成的复合物,所述塑料构件尤其是遮挡框架、覆盖框架、承载框架、内板、保持元件或者类似物,并且功能层尤其包括全息图。根据本发明,功能层与基底构成一个层复合物,其中,层复合物借助焊接方法或者粘合方法与塑料构件至少局部地焊接。在此尤其是规定,层复合物在面状的预应力下在塑料构件上张紧地设置。塑料构件尤其具有环绕的、带有闭合轮廓的接片,使得包括具有全息图的功能层的层复合物经由接片框架状地被张开,其中,由所述环绕的、具有闭合的轮廓的接片限定的内面能够实现层复合物在预应力下的自由的张开。
附图说明
下面将结合对优选的实施例的描述并根据附图详细地示出另外的改进本发明的措施。在附图中:
图1示出接纳装置连同设置在上侧面上的层复合物和设置在层复合物上方的塑料构件的的横剖视图;
图2示出根据图1的细节图X;
图3示出接纳装置的透视图;
图4示出由塑料构件与层复合物组成的复合物的第一实施例,其中,塑料构件全表面地构造;
图5示出具有层复合物和塑料构件的复合物的另一种实施例,其中,塑料构件框构造位架状的并且具有凹口;
图6示出具有用于设置包括功能层的层复合物的凹口的塑料构件的透视图;并且
图7示出由根据图6的塑料构件11和包括功能层的层复合物组成的复合物1,其中,仅部分地示出设置在凹口中的层复合物。
具体实施方式
图1以横剖视图示出接纳装置14。多孔金属体17处于接纳装置14的上侧面上,其中,所述多孔金属体17的指向上方的、自由的表面构成抽吸面15。在抽吸面15上安装有层复合物12,该层复合物面状地贴靠在抽吸面15上。塑料构件11处于层复合物12的上方,该塑料构件包括框架横截面(Rahmenquerschnitt)20。
接纳装置14具有负压接口23,借助该负压接口能够在多孔金属体17中产生负压。通过负压使层复合物12被抽吸到多孔金属体17的抽吸面15上,使得层复合物12紧固地附着在抽吸面15上。
塑料构件11能够以未详细示出的方式被容纳在超声波发生器中。在向抽吸面15施加垂直定向的法向力的情况下借助超声波发生器使塑料构件11进行优选侧向的振动运动。通过所述振动运动实现在层复合物12和塑料构件11之间的超声波焊接。
为了在焊接之前和/或期间加热层复合物12,接纳装置14具有加热单元22,该加热单元以加热丝的形式示意性地示出。在环绕的焊接区域内部的整个层复合物12经由所述可加热的接纳装置被均匀地加热。在此,尤其是使如下的区域被加热,在该区域中形成在层复合物12和塑料构件11之间的焊缝。细节X在下面的图2中详细示出。
在细节X中示出具有框架横截面20的塑料构件11在接纳装置14上的布置结构的局部。接纳装置14包括多孔金属体17,该多孔金属体以上侧面构成抽吸面15。包括功能层10和基底13的层复合物12面状地支承在多孔金属体17的抽吸面15上。在塑料构件11上构造有接片16,该接片优选能够构成环绕的、闭合的轮廓。接片16借助处于其间的复合物相对于实心的支承边缘18密封,其中,支承边缘18同时包围多孔金属体17的由此能够产生负压的一部分,借助该负压能够使层复合物12被拉向抽吸面15。
如果塑料构件11借助超声波发生器进行振动,则接片16的端侧面与层复合物12焊接。接片16构造为框架横截面20的凸起部,其中,框架横截面20包围凹口21。如果在焊接之后,以切断负压的方式将由塑料构件11和层复合物12组成的复合物从抽吸面15上取下,则在接片16内部的层复合物12通过由热引起的长度改变在冷却的情况下收缩并且因此张紧,使得层复合物12的张紧区域以功能层10闭锁塑料构件11的凹口21的部分。如果在功能层10中写入有全息图,则该全息图尤其能够通过塑料构件11的凹口21被观察,或者该全息图通过凹口21尤其是在背面被照明。
在此,焊接部位19仅在接片16和层复合物12之间构成,其中,功能层10示例性地指向接片16的方向。同样可能的是,层复合物12以相反的方式支承在抽吸面15上,使得基底13指向接片16的方向。在两种情况中,层复合物12都能够与塑料构件11的接片焊接,其中,在所述焊接的情况下层复合物12的两个薄膜状的层(即功能层10和基底13)能够局部地被熔化并且焊接。
图3以透视图示出具有多孔金属体17和具有环绕的焊接框架24的接纳装置14,其中,抽吸面15构成在多孔金属体17的上侧面上并且通过环绕的焊接框架24嵌在处于其上方的塑料构件11的下方。借助负压接口23能够在抽吸面15上产生抽吸作用,这是因为多孔金属体17虽然基本上构成平面,但是由于金属体17的多孔的特性能够在抽吸面15上实现全表面的抽吸作用。为此,负压接口23以未详细示出的方式通过负压连接与多孔金属体17相连接。在此,环绕的焊接框架24与塑料构件11的接片16叠置,其中,在将塑料构件11布置到焊接框架24上的情况下,层复合物12被设置在接片16和焊接框架24之间,如在图2中以剖面图示出的那样。
图4示出具有全表面的构造方案的塑料构件11的一个实施例。经由接片16,包括功能层的层复合物12保持与塑料构件11的表面间隔开。由此构成一个复合物1,其例如能够作为塑料构件11构成镜片或者内镜片。
图5以对图4的变型方案示出包括具有功能层的层复合物12的复合物1,其中,层复合物12经由接片16与塑料构件11间隔开地设置。塑料构件11具有凹口21,使得能够在一定范围内使用具有光敏聚合物和包括全息图的层复合物12。
图6以具有凹口21的尾灯的遮挡框架(Blendrahmen)的形式示出塑料构件11的一种实施例。
图7示出塑料构件11,其中,在凹口21中通过焊缝25焊入层复合物12,其中,焊缝25沿着接片16延伸。层复合物12部分地示出,以便更好地阐明在凹口21中的布置。由此示出复合物1的一个例子,该复合物具有以遮挡框架的形式的塑料构件11,其中,遮挡框架用作用于具有包括全息图的功能层的层复合物12的承载框架,所述全息图能够从车辆尾灯的外侧被观察到。
本发明在其实施方面不局限于前述的优选的实施例。相反,可以设想多种变型方案,这些变型方案在原则上不同类型的实施方案中也使用所示出的解决方案。从权利要求、说明书或者附图中得出的全部的特征和/或优点(包括构造细节、空间布置和方法步骤)可不仅自身地而且也可以不同的组合对于本发明是重要的。
附图标记列表
1 复合物
10 功能层
11 塑料构件
12 层复合物
13 基底
14 接纳装置
15 抽吸面
16 接片
17 多孔金属体
18 支承边缘
19 焊接部位
20 框架横截面
21 凹口
22 加热单元
23 负压接口
24 环绕的焊接框架
25 焊缝

Claims (11)

1.用于将功能层(10)设置到照明装置的塑料构件(11)上的方法,所述塑料构件尤其是遮挡框架、覆盖框架、承载框架、内板、覆盖板、保持元件或者类似物,其中,所述方法至少具有以下的步骤:
-提供包括功能层(10)和基底(13)的薄膜状的层复合物(12),-将所述层复合物(12)装入到接纳装置(14)中,
-在所述接纳装置(14)中接通负压并且经由接纳装置(14)的抽吸面(15)对所述层复合物(12)进行抽吸,
-将所述塑料构件(11)设置到层复合物(12)上,并且
-借助焊接方法或者借助粘合方法将层复合物(12)与塑料构件(11)至少局部地焊接或者粘合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,提供包括至少一个全息图或者装饰薄膜或者衍射光学薄膜的光敏聚合物层作为功能层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述层复合物(12)以一种定向装入到接纳装置(14)中,在该定向的情况下,所述基底(13)指向抽吸面(15)的方向。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述层复合物(12)以一种定向装入到接纳装置(14)中,在所述定向的情况下,所述功能层(10)指向抽吸面(15)的方向。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述层复合物(12)与塑料构件(11)的至少局部的焊接或者粘合在层复合物(12)相对于塑料构件(11)升温的情况下实施。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述接纳装置(14)的抽吸面(15)借助于多孔金属体(17)提供,经由所述多孔金属体在层复合物(12)上产生全表面的负压。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,使用全表面的塑料构件(11)以设置到所述层复合物(12)上,其中,经由接片(16)将所述层复合物(12)张紧并且焊接或粘合在塑料构件(11)上,使得在所述全表面的塑料构件(11)和层复合物(12)之间产生间距。
8.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,使用框架状的塑料构件(11),使得所述层复合物(12)在所述焊接或者粘合之后在所述框架状的塑料构件(11)中自由地张开。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,通过在所述焊接之后层复合物(12)的冷却,在布置在塑料构件(11)上的层复合物(12)中产生应力。
10.由功能层(10)和照明装置的塑料构件(11)组成的复合物,所述塑料构件尤其是遮挡框架、覆盖框架、承载框架、内板、保持元件或者类似物,其特征在于,所述功能层(10)与基底(13)构成层复合物(12),其中,层复合物(12)借助焊接方法或者借助粘合方法与塑料构件至少局部地焊接或者说粘合。
11.根据权利要求9所述的复合物(1),其特征在于,所述层复合物(12)在面状的预应力下张紧地设置在塑料构件(11)上。
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