CN108507837A - A kind of micro- plastic multi-cavity room sampler of surface water - Google Patents

A kind of micro- plastic multi-cavity room sampler of surface water Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108507837A
CN108507837A CN201810338152.0A CN201810338152A CN108507837A CN 108507837 A CN108507837 A CN 108507837A CN 201810338152 A CN201810338152 A CN 201810338152A CN 108507837 A CN108507837 A CN 108507837A
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hole
connecting rod
chamber
filter
cavity
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CN108507837B (en
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刘志东
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Shandong Shengyuan Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Yantai Shuai Heng Machinery Technology Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G01N1/18—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state with provision for splitting samples into portions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G01N2001/1006—Dispersed solids

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种表层水体微塑料多腔室取样装置，包括圆柱型网具框架、若干滤网结构、贯穿装置内部的连杆、若干与连杆相配合的限位装置、漏盒、以及固设于网具框架两侧的浮漂组成，所述装置内的若干滤网及滤网结构从上至下网孔尺寸大小依次减小，与现有技术相比，现有的表层水体微塑料采集装置仅通过一次滤网过滤筛选水体中的微塑料垃圾，无法将其分隔开，本发明提供的装置能对水体表面的不同体积微塑料、有机污染球体垃圾进行筛查，结构简单设计合理。

The invention discloses a microplastic multi-chamber sampling device for surface water bodies, which comprises a cylindrical net frame, several filter screen structures, connecting rods penetrating through the inside of the device, several limit devices matched with the connecting rods, a leaky box, and It is composed of floats fixed on both sides of the net frame. Several filter screens and filter screen structures in the device decrease in size from top to bottom. Compared with the existing technology, the existing surface water microplastics The collection device only filters and screens the microplastic garbage in the water body through a filter, and cannot separate them. The device provided by the invention can screen different volumes of microplastics and organic pollution sphere garbage on the surface of the water body, and has a simple structure and a reasonable design .

Description

A kind of micro- plastic multi-cavity room sampler of surface water
Technical field
The present invention relates to ocean and water environment science and technology field, specifically a kind of micro- plastic multi-cavity room sampling of surface water Device.
Background technology
In general, miscellaneous plastics, such as polyethylene, polystyrene have been widely present in life, these changes It closes object exposure in the natural environment to be exposed to the weather, though cannot be completely degraded, is also to taper into, becomes and compare particle Smaller micro- plastics.In addition, having a large amount of frosted particle, the body of these particles in cosmetics or cleaning supplies that we use Product it is small, swim on the water surface, the sewage treatment plant in city can not handle them at all, and then they cannot be decomposed, freely from Open sewage treatment plant.
Plastic garbage is mostly stable long chain macromolecule polymer, not degradable in the natural environment, but can illumination, It is broken into small plastic grain under the effects that tide, the temperature difference or wind are lost, becomes micro- plastic garbage.Micro- plastics in water body environment Have the characteristics that fast enormous amount, speedup, enrichment and release poisonous and harmful substance, can be detrimental to health with food chain causes extensively General concern.Water body micro- plastics research in China's is still in the starting exploratory stage, has only carried out fragmentary investigation and sampling in certain waters.
Micro- plastics are equivalent to the saddle horse as pollutant, and the two can bat around in the environment.
Micro- plastics are a kind of plastic grain of the diameter less than 5 millimeters, are a kind of main carriers of transmission pollutant.Micro- modeling Expect small, this means that higher specific surface area（Specific surface area refers to surface possessed by porosu solid substance unit mass Product）, specific surface area is bigger, and the ability of the pollutant of absorption is stronger.First, a large amount of Polychlorinated biphenyls, double is had existed in environment The persistence organic pollutants such as phenol A（These organic pollutions are often hydrophobic, that is they are less susceptible to be dissolved in water In, it is more likely to be adsorbed on hydrophobic surface）Once micro- plastics and these pollutants meet, just aggregation formation one is organic Pollute sphere.Micro- plastics are concentrated mainly on most surface water, and deeper concentration is smaller under normal conditions, and water sample generally used now is adopted Storage can not all collect the Surface water sample of water body well using place and depth as parameter（Micro- plastics enrichment region）.Therefore it needs Want a kind of novel water sampler that can more accurately be surveyed to the different organic contamination spheres of water surface and micro- plastics Amount.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention or overcome the deficiencies in the prior art disclose a kind of micro- plastic multi-cavity room sampling dress of surface water It sets, including：
Including cylindrical type netting gear frame, wherein netting gear frame includes the upper and lower matched cavity A of two parts and cavity B, wherein Cavity A is the cylindrical structure of lower ending opening, and cavity B is the cylindrical structure of upper end opening, wherein cavity A upper bottom surfaces and cavity B bottom surfaces face is equipped with osculum, and wherein cavity A upper bottom surfaces are equipped with through-hole A, is equipped with wherein at the bottom surface center of cavity B prominent Go out portion,
Several filter structures, wherein filter structure include outer skeleton, inner frame, filter opening and holding section, wherein in holding section Through-hole B is equipped at centre,
Connecting rod inside device, wherein connecting rod top are equipped with circular hole, and bottom is equipped with mounting hole, the mounting hole and protruding portion Equipped with mutually matched helicitic texture, the wherein lateral wall of connecting rod is equipped with external screw thread,
It is several be equipped with the matched limiting device of connecting rod, at the center of the limiting device with connecting rod lateral wall it is matched in Screw thread,
Box is leaked, wherein leakage box is frustum cone structure, include four reinforcing ribs of two bottom surfaces of upper and lower two bottom surface and connection or more, wherein At upper and lower two bottom center be equipped with the matched through-hole C of connecting rod, wherein bottom surface be filter structure, frustum cone structure side wrap Strainer, wherein strainer are fixed between amount bottom surface up and down,
And it is fixedly arranged on the buoy composition of netting gear frame both sides,
It is characterized in that, mesh size size is sequentially reduced from top to bottom for several strainers and filter structure in described device.
Further, the leakage box further includes the open end for being opened in upper bottom surface, and the open end is for opening and closing Upper bottom surface simultaneously topples over the filter residue in it.
Further, diameter of diameter of the diameter of the through-hole A equal to through-hole B equal to through-hole C is equal to the diameter of connecting rod.
Further, the buoy is solid compression foam or hollow glass, PE plastic spheres.
Compared with prior art, the method have the advantages that：
1. the existing micro- plastics harvester of surface water only passes through micro- plastic garbage in primary filter screen filtering screening water body, nothing Method is separated, device provided by the invention can to the micro- plastics of the different volumes of water surface, organic contamination sphere rubbish into Row screening；
2. micro- plastics sampler provided by the invention is divided into multi-chamber, Research Analyst can replace strainer knot automatically as needed Structure realizes that simple to operate, the rubbish after collection can classify to the collection work of the micro- plastic garbage of different volumes Processing, to measure micro- plastics concentration levels under each volume；
3. micro- plastics harvester provided by the invention will be divided into multiple chambers in device, the later stage of Research Analyst is contributed to collect Processing work, it is more convenient reasonable to use and measure；
Traditional sample collection bottle is integrally fixed on netting gear, can not be dismantled, and needs at sea to carry out rushing sample after sample collection It is time-consuming and laborious with sample transfer operation, and possible remaining micro- plastic grain easily generates the sample collection of next erect-position in bottle Error, and influenced by shifting, operation on the sea work is unstable, and the present invention can be removed quickly, can be again after sampling cleaning It uses, it is time saving and energy saving, it is easy to operate.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram when present invention is split；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of filter structure of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is three chamber schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure, 1, netting gear frame, 2, filter structure, 3, connecting rod, 4, limiting device, 5, leakage box, 11, cavity A, 111, through-hole A, 12, cavity B, 121, protruding portion, 21, outer skeleton, 22, inner frame, 23, filter opening, 24, holding section, 241, through-hole B, 31, circle Hole, 32, mounting hole, 51, reinforcing rib, 52, through-hole C, 53, strainer, 54, open end.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with attached drawing, it is clear that described implementation Example is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill The every other embodiment that personnel are obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that term "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "horizontal", "inner", "outside" be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to Convenient for the description present invention and simplify description, do not indicate or imply the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, With specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore it is not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, according to term " first ", " Two ", " third ", is used for description purposes only, and is not understood to indicate or imply relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase Even ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or be integrally connected;It can Can also be electrical connection to be mechanical connection;It can be directly connected, can also indirectly connected through an intermediary, Ke Yishi Connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood at this with concrete condition Concrete meaning in invention.
Referring to attached drawing 1：A kind of micro- plastic multi-cavity room sampler of surface water, including cylindrical type netting gear frame 1, wherein net Tool frame 1 includes that the matched cavity A11 of two parts and cavity B12, wherein cavity A11 are the cylindrical type of lower ending opening up and down Structure, cavity B12 are the cylindrical structure of upper end opening, and wherein cavity A11 upper bottom surfaces and cavity B12 bottom surfaces face is equipped with row Water hole, wherein cavity A11 upper bottom surfaces are equipped with through-hole A111, and protruding portion 121 is equipped with wherein at the bottom surface center of cavity B12,
Several filter structures 2, wherein filter structure 2 include outer skeleton 21, inner frame 22, filter opening 23 and holding section 24, wherein The centre of holding section 24 is equipped with through-hole B241, wherein the interior surface area phase of the external surface area of outer skeleton 21 and cavity B12 Together, being fully sealed in cavity B of filter structure 2 is realized,
Connecting rod 3 inside device, wherein 3 top of connecting rod are equipped with circular hole 31, and bottom is equipped with mounting hole 32, the mounting hole 32 It is equipped with mutually matched helicitic texture with protruding portion 121, the wherein lateral wall of connecting rod 3 is equipped with external screw thread,
Several be equipped with the matched limiting device 4 of connecting rod, at the center of the limiting device 4 matches with 3 lateral wall of connecting rod Internal thread, when specific installation, the cooperation between limiting device 4 and connecting rod 3 is to realize the fixation of filter structure 2, wherein limiting Structure 4 has certain height, can be to taking without having to worry about in sampling process, making limiting device 4 that movement occur since flow is too quickly Sample impacts, and the cooperation of microstructure 4 and holding section 24 ensures to remain opposite height between each chamber, to complete to take Sample works,
Box 5 is leaked, wherein leakage box 5 is frustum cone structure, include four reinforcing ribs 51 of two bottom surfaces of upper and lower two bottom surface and connection or more, Wherein up and down two bottom center place be equipped with the matched through-hole C52 of connecting rod, wherein bottom surface be filter structure, frustum cone structure side Bread wraps up in strainer 53, and wherein strainer 53 is fixed between amount bottom surface up and down,
And it is fixedly arranged on the buoy composition of 1 both sides of netting gear frame, wherein buoy fixed setting is to ensure sampler part-structure More than water body surface layer,
It is characterized in that, mesh size size subtracts successively from top to bottom for several strainers 53 and filter structure 52 in described device It is small.
Cavity B12 can be divided into several chambers, with top-down by the wherein cooperation of filter structure 2 and limiting device 4 Work is collected by filtration in strainer solution control mesh size reduction realization different volumes rubbish.
Specifically, leakage box 5 further includes the open end 54 for being opened in upper bottom surface, the open end 54 is for opening and closing Simultaneously topple over the filter residue in it in bottom surface.
Specifically, the diameter of through-hole A111 is equal to the straight of connecting rod 3 equal to the diameter of through-hole B241 equal to the diameter of through-hole C52 Diameter.
As shown in Figure 4, it is added to filter structure 2 at one in cavity B, device is divided into 3 chambers, is from top to bottom It is followed successively by chamber 1, chamber 2, chamber 3.
A kind of installation and application of the micro- plastic multi-cavity room sampler of surface water provided by the invention, feature exist In being specifically divided into following steps：
A, it is assembled equipped with protruding portion 121 at the bottom surface center of connecting rod 2 and cavity B12, after assembling, on connecting rod 2 Add limiting device 4；
B, leakage box 5 is positioned over along connecting rod 2 at limiting device 4, backward connecting rod 2 on continue addition limiting device 4 to suitable position It sets, then adds filter structure 2；
C, multiple limiting devices 4 and filter structure 2 are installed as needed；
D, after installing, cavity A and wall B, which is completed, can be used.
As another embodiment of the present invention, the madial wall of cavity A11 is equipped with catch, and catch is for stopping filter structure 2 The end motion on cavity A11.
Wherein, cavity A11 and cavity B12 can be used the aluminum alloy materials of high corrosion resistance, it is light-weight, tensile strength is high, It is corrosion-resistant, improve the integrally-built stability of device.
Embodiment described above is only that the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described, not to the model of the present invention It encloses and is defined, under the premise of not departing from design spirit of the present invention, technical side of the those of ordinary skill in the art to the present invention The various modifications and improvement that case is made should all be fallen into the protection domain of claims of the present invention determination.

Claims (4)

1.一种表层水体微塑料多腔室取样装置，包括圆柱型网具框架，其中网具框架包括有上下两部分相配合的腔体A与腔体B，其中腔体A为下端开口的圆柱型结构，腔体B为上端开口的圆柱型结构，其中腔体A上底面及腔体B下底面上设有排水孔，其中腔体A上底面设有通孔A，其中腔体B的下底面中心处设有突出部，1. A multi-chamber sampling device for surface water microplastics, comprising a cylindrical net frame, wherein the net frame includes cavity A and cavity B that are matched with upper and lower parts, wherein cavity A is a cylinder with an open lower end Type structure, chamber B is a cylindrical structure with an open upper end, wherein there are drainage holes on the upper bottom of chamber A and the lower bottom of chamber B, wherein the upper bottom of chamber A is provided with a through hole A, and the lower surface of chamber B A protrusion is provided at the center of the bottom surface, 若干滤网结构，其中滤网结构包括有外骨架、内骨架、滤孔及卡合部，其中卡合部的中央处设有通孔B，A plurality of filter mesh structures, wherein the filter mesh structure includes an outer skeleton, an inner skeleton, filter holes and a clamping part, wherein a through hole B is provided at the center of the clamping part, 贯穿装置内部的连杆，其中连杆顶端设有圆孔，底部设有固定孔，所述固定孔与突出部设有相互配合的螺纹结构，其中连杆的外侧壁设有外螺纹，The connecting rod that runs through the inside of the device, wherein the top of the connecting rod is provided with a round hole, and the bottom is provided with a fixing hole. The fixing hole and the protrusion are provided with a thread structure that cooperates with each other, and the outer wall of the connecting rod is provided with external threads. 若干与连杆相配合的限位装置，所述限位装置的中心处设有与连杆外侧壁相配合的内螺纹，A number of limit devices matched with the connecting rod, the center of the limit device is provided with an internal thread matched with the outer wall of the connecting rod, 漏盒，其中漏盒为圆台结构，包括有上下两底面及连接上下两底面的四根加强筋，其中上下两底面中心处设有与连杆相配合的通孔C，其中下底面为滤网结构，圆台结构侧面包裹滤网，其中滤网固接在上下量底面之间，Leaky box, wherein the leaky box is a circular platform structure, including two upper and lower bottom surfaces and four reinforcing ribs connecting the upper and lower two bottom surfaces, wherein the center of the upper and lower bottom surfaces is provided with a through hole C matching the connecting rod, and the lower bottom surface is a filter screen structure, the side of the round platform structure wraps the filter screen, and the filter screen is fixed between the upper and lower bottom surfaces. 以及固设于网具框架两侧的浮漂组成，And the buoys fixed on both sides of the net frame, 其特征在于，所述装置内的若干滤网及滤网结构从上之下网孔尺寸大小依次减小。It is characterized in that the mesh sizes of several filter screens and filter screen structures in the device decrease sequentially from top to bottom. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种表层水体微塑料多腔室取样装置，其特征在于，所述漏盒还包括开设于上底面的开口端，所述开口端用于开启和封闭上底面并倾倒其内的滤渣。2. A multi-chamber sampling device for surface water microplastics according to claim 1, wherein the leak box also includes an open end provided on the upper bottom surface, and the open end is used to open and close the upper bottom surface And dump the filter residue in it. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种表层水体微塑料多腔室取样装置，其特征在于，所述通孔A的直径等于通孔B的直径等于通孔C的直径等于连杆的直径。3. A multi-chamber sampling device for surface water microplastics according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the through hole A is equal to the diameter of the through hole B and equal to the diameter of the through hole C equal to the diameter of the connecting rod. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种表层水体微塑料多腔室取样装置，其特征在于，所述浮漂为实心压缩泡沫或空心玻璃、PE塑料球体。4. A multi-chamber sampling device for surface water microplastics according to claim 1, wherein the float is a solid compressed foam or hollow glass or PE plastic sphere.
CN201810338152.0A 2018-04-16 2018-04-16 A surface water microplastic multi-chamber sampling device Expired - Fee Related CN108507837B (en)

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RU2782144C1 (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-10-21 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" Method for sampling microplastics in water courses
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EP4567402A1 (en) 2023-12-08 2025-06-11 Geoloski zavod Slovenije A device for sampling liquids, a method for sampling liquids using said device and uses thereof

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