CN108504397A - 一种油品稳定的甲醇汽油及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种油品稳定的甲醇汽油及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108504397A
CN108504397A CN201810327838.XA CN201810327838A CN108504397A CN 108504397 A CN108504397 A CN 108504397A CN 201810327838 A CN201810327838 A CN 201810327838A CN 108504397 A CN108504397 A CN 108504397A
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刘晓东
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种油品稳定的甲醇汽油,包括按体积计算的甲醇80‑90份、汽油21‑25份、助溶剂10‑15份、相稳定剂4‑7份、蒸汽压调节剂1‑5份、防腐抗溶胀剂0.3‑1份、助燃剂0.2‑1份以及抗氧稳定剂0.2‑1份。本发明还公开了上述甲醇汽油的制备方法。本发明提供的甲醇汽油,腐蚀性小,对橡胶材料的溶胀率小,在恶劣条件下也不易分层,低温运转性能和冷起动性能较好。

Description

一种油品稳定的甲醇汽油及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于新能源技术领域,具体涉及一种油品稳定的甲醇汽油及其制备方法。
背景技术
石油主要用于交通、工业、商用及其它行业,汽车交通正逐步成为石油的主要消费领域,同时也是大气污染的重要根源。大量汽车尾气及民用燃煤的排放严重污染了大气环境,每年向大气排放的有害物质占大气污染总量的80%以上。
甲醇燃料可以作为汽车燃料和液化天然气的一种替代品,与传统能源相比,经济性和清洁性是醇基燃料使用中的两大特点,而低碳是其最显著地标志。醇基燃料的主要原料为甲醇、汽油组分油(芳烃、石脑油和溶剂油等)或煤焦油等。其中甲醇的来源主要是煤炭制取,或由煤层气和焦炉气加工而成;汽油组分油,是指原油提炼出汽柴油后剩余的化工原料;煤焦油的来源全部是煤炭转化。根据这些原料的具体指标调整添加比例,再经过特殊的生产工艺即可转化为部分替代传统汽(柴)油的醇基燃料。该醇基燃料如大范围推广、应用,将极大的提高石油综合利用率,大量节约石油资源。同时,丰富和扩大了车用燃油资源和民用清洁燃料,有效地降低污染,改善环境,社会效益和经济效益显著。
然而,现有的甲醇汽油与纯汽油相比,还存在以下问题:对汽油发动机的腐蚀性和对橡胶材料的溶胀率都较大,且易于分层,低温运转性能和冷起动性能不及纯汽油。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明目的在于提供一种油品稳定的甲醇汽油,其腐蚀性小,对橡胶材料的溶胀率小,在恶劣条件下也不易分层,低温运转性能和冷起动性能较好。
本发明所采用的技术方案为:一种油品稳定的甲醇汽油,包括按体积计算的甲醇80-90份、汽油21-25份、助溶剂10-15份、相稳定剂4-7份、蒸汽压调节剂1-5份、防腐抗溶胀剂0.3-1份、助燃剂0.2-1份以及抗氧稳定剂0.2-1份。
进一步地,所述助溶剂包括按体积比为2-5:3-5:3-5:1-3配置的醇类、酯类、醇醚类和丙酮的混合物。
进一步地,所述助溶剂中的醇类包括仲辛醇和异丁醇,助溶剂中的酯类包括乙酸乙酯和乙酸异戊脂,助溶剂中的醇醚类为乙二醇乙醚和乙二醇丁醚。
进一步地,所述相稳定剂包括甲基叔丁基醚、正丁醇、正辛醇、乳化剂MOA-3、乳化剂MOA-3B和乳化剂MOA-9中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述蒸汽压调节剂包括碳酸二甲酯和二异丙醚中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述防腐抗溶胀剂包括苯并三氮唑、甲基苯并三氮唑、正丁胺和酚类中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述防腐抗溶胀剂中的酚类为2,4-二异丙基酚或2,4-二叔丁基酚。
进一步地,所述助燃剂包括硝酸异戊酯和硝酸异辛酯。
进一步地,所述抗氧稳定剂为5-烷氧基-2(5H)呋喃酮的四氢呋喃溶液,该溶液的质量百分比浓度为2-4%。
本发明还公开了上述油品稳定的甲醇汽油的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、按体积取所述甲醇80-90份、汽油21-25份、助溶剂10-15份、相稳定剂4-7份、蒸汽压调节剂1-5份、防腐抗溶胀剂0.3-1份、助燃剂0.2-1份以及抗氧稳定剂0.2-1份混合得混合液;
B、以200-250W的超声波超声处理步骤A得到的混合液25-30分钟,使混合均匀即得油品稳定的甲醇汽油。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明所制备的甲醇汽油稳定性高、动力强、油耗低、高效清洁且制备成本低,可供机动车发动机直接使用,具有很好的工业生产前景。
(2)本发明的甲醇汽油与现有技术相比,成本低、添加量少、油品稳定效果显著,且避免给环境带来次生污染。
(3)本发明所使用的各种原料易得、价格低廉;制备过程简单、加剂量少;所制备的甲醇汽油稳定性高、性能优良,有效地解决了目前甲醇汽油燃料在储存和使用中存在的突出技术问题,其溶水量可达2%-5%、耐低温-45℃至-30℃、饱和蒸汽压45kPa-68kPa、溶胀率不大于1%且铜片腐蚀程度不大于Ⅰ级。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步阐释。
实施例1
按体积计,甲醇汽油中各组分的配比关系如下:
其中,助溶剂包括按体积比为2:3:3:1配置的醇类、酯类、醇醚类和丙酮的混合物,醇类包括仲辛醇和异丁醇,酯类包括乙酸乙酯和乙酸异戊脂,醇醚类为乙二醇乙醚和乙二醇丁醚。相稳定剂包括甲基叔丁基醚和正丁醇。蒸汽压调节剂为碳酸二甲酯。防腐抗溶胀剂为苯并三氮唑。助燃剂为硝酸异戊酯。抗氧稳定剂为5-烷氧基-2(5H)呋喃酮的四氢呋喃溶液,该溶液的质量百分比浓度为2%。
本实施例中,甲醇汽油的制备包括以下步骤:
A、按配比取所述甲醇80份、汽油21份、助溶剂10份、相稳定剂4份、蒸汽压调节剂1份、防腐抗溶胀剂0.3份、助燃剂0.2份以及抗氧稳定剂0.2份混合得混合液;
B、以200W的超声波超声处理步骤A得到的混合液25分钟,使混合均匀即得油品稳定的甲醇汽油。
实施例2
按体积计,甲醇汽油中各组分的配比关系如下:
其中,助溶剂包括按体积比为3:4:4:2配置的醇类、酯类、醇醚类和丙酮的混合物,醇类包括仲辛醇和异丁醇,酯类包括乙酸乙酯和乙酸异戊脂,醇醚类为乙二醇乙醚和乙二醇丁醚。相稳定剂包括正辛醇。蒸汽压调节剂为二异丙醚。防腐抗溶胀剂为甲基苯并三氮唑。助燃剂为硝酸异辛酯。抗氧稳定剂为5-烷氧基-2(5H)呋喃酮的四氢呋喃溶液,该溶液的质量百分比浓度为2%。
本实施例中,甲醇汽油的制备包括以下步骤:
A、按配比取所述甲醇81份、汽油22份、助溶剂11份、相稳定剂5份、蒸汽压调节剂2份、防腐抗溶胀剂0.4份、助燃剂0.3份以及抗氧稳定剂0.3份混合得混合液;
B、以210W的超声波超声处理步骤A得到的混合液26分钟,使混合均匀即得油品稳定的甲醇汽油。
实施例3
按体积计,甲醇汽油中各组分的配比关系如下:
其中,助溶剂包括按体积比为4:5:5:3配置的醇类、酯类、醇醚类和丙酮的混合物,醇类包括仲辛醇和异丁醇,酯类包括乙酸乙酯和乙酸异戊脂,醇醚类为乙二醇乙醚和乙二醇丁醚。相稳定剂包括乳化剂MOA-3。蒸汽压调节剂为碳酸二甲酯和二异丙醚。防腐抗溶胀剂为正丁胺。助燃剂为硝酸异戊酯和硝酸异辛酯。抗氧稳定剂为5-烷氧基-2(5H)呋喃酮的四氢呋喃溶液,该溶液的质量百分比浓度为2%。
本实施例中,甲醇汽油的制备包括以下步骤:
A、按配比取所述甲醇83份、汽油23份、助溶剂12份、相稳定剂6份、蒸汽压调节剂3份、防腐抗溶胀剂0.5份、助燃剂0.4份以及抗氧稳定剂0.4份混合得混合液;
B、以215的超声波超声处理步骤A得到的混合液27分钟,使混合均匀即得油品稳定的甲醇汽油。
实施例4
按体积计,甲醇汽油中各组分的配比关系如下:
其中,助溶剂包括按体积比为5:5:5:3配置的醇类、酯类、醇醚类和丙酮的混合物,醇类包括仲辛醇和异丁醇,酯类包括乙酸乙酯和乙酸异戊脂,醇醚类为乙二醇乙醚和乙二醇丁醚。相稳定剂包括乳化剂MOA-3B。蒸汽压调节剂为碳酸二甲酯和二异丙醚。防腐抗溶胀剂为为2,4-二异丙基酚或2,4-二叔丁基酚。助燃剂为硝酸异戊酯和硝酸异辛酯。抗氧稳定剂为5-烷氧基-2(5H)呋喃酮的四氢呋喃溶液,该溶液的质量百分比浓度为3%。
本实施例中,甲醇汽油的制备包括以下步骤:
A、按配比取所述甲醇84份、汽油24份、助溶剂13份、相稳定剂7份、蒸汽压调节剂4份、防腐抗溶胀剂0.6份、助燃剂0.5份以及抗氧稳定剂0.5份混合得混合液;
B、以215W的超声波超声处理步骤A得到的混合液26分钟,使混合均匀即得油品稳定的甲醇汽油。
实施例5
按体积计,甲醇汽油中各组分的配比关系如下:
其中,助溶剂包括按体积比为2:3:3:3配置的醇类、酯类、醇醚类和丙酮的混合物,醇类包括仲辛醇和异丁醇,酯类包括乙酸乙酯和乙酸异戊脂,醇醚类为乙二醇乙醚和乙二醇丁醚。相稳定剂包括乳化剂MOA-9。蒸汽压调节剂为碳酸二甲酯和二异丙醚。防腐抗溶胀剂为2,4-二异丙基酚或2,4-二叔丁基酚。助燃剂为硝酸异戊酯和硝酸异辛酯。抗氧稳定剂为5-烷氧基-2(5H)呋喃酮的四氢呋喃溶液,该溶液的质量百分比浓度为3%。
本实施例中,甲醇汽油的制备包括以下步骤:
A、按配比取所述甲醇85份、汽油25份、助溶剂14份、相稳定剂7份、蒸汽压调节剂5份、防腐抗溶胀剂0.7份、助燃剂0.6份以及抗氧稳定剂0.6份混合得混合液;
B、以220W的超声波超声处理步骤A得到的混合液27分钟,使混合均匀即得油品稳定的甲醇汽油。
实施例6
按体积计,甲醇汽油中各组分的配比关系如下:
其中,助溶剂包括按体积比为2:3:5:3配置的醇类、酯类、醇醚类和丙酮的混合物,醇类包括仲辛醇和异丁醇,酯类包括乙酸乙酯和乙酸异戊脂,醇醚类为乙二醇乙醚和乙二醇丁醚。相稳定剂包括正丁醇和正辛醇。蒸汽压调节剂为碳酸二甲酯和二异丙醚。防腐抗溶胀剂为苯并三氮唑和甲基苯并三氮唑。助燃剂为硝酸异戊酯和硝酸异辛酯。抗氧稳定剂为5-烷氧基-2(5H)呋喃酮的四氢呋喃溶液,该溶液的质量百分比浓度为3%。
本实施例中,甲醇汽油的制备包括以下步骤:
A、按配比取所述甲醇86份、汽油25份、助溶剂15份、相稳定剂7份、蒸汽压调节剂5份、防腐抗溶胀剂0.8份、助燃剂0.7份以及抗氧稳定剂0.7份混合得混合液;
B、以230W的超声波超声处理步骤A得到的混合液28分钟,使混合均匀即得油品稳定的甲醇汽油。
实施例7
按体积计,甲醇汽油中各组分的配比关系如下:
其中,助溶剂包括按体积比为4:5:5:2配置的醇类、酯类、醇醚类和丙酮的混合物,醇类包括仲辛醇和异丁醇,酯类包括乙酸乙酯和乙酸异戊脂,醇醚类为乙二醇乙醚和乙二醇丁醚。相稳定剂包括正丁醇、正辛醇和乳化剂MOA-3。蒸汽压调节剂为碳酸二甲酯。防腐抗溶胀剂为正丁胺和2,4-二异丙基酚。助燃剂为硝酸异戊酯。抗氧稳定剂为5-烷氧基-2(5H)呋喃酮的四氢呋喃溶液,该溶液的质量百分比浓度为4%。
本实施例中,甲醇汽油的制备包括以下步骤:
A、按配比取所述甲醇87份、汽油21份、助溶剂10份、相稳定剂4份、蒸汽压调节剂1份、防腐抗溶胀剂0.9份、助燃剂0.8份以及抗氧稳定剂0.8份混合得混合液;
B、以240W的超声波超声处理步骤A得到的混合液29分钟,使混合均匀即得油品稳定的甲醇汽油。
实施例8
按体积计,甲醇汽油中各组分的配比关系如下:
其中,助溶剂包括按体积比为5:4:5:3配置的醇类、酯类、醇醚类和丙酮的混合物,醇类包括仲辛醇和异丁醇,酯类包括乙酸乙酯和乙酸异戊脂,醇醚类为乙二醇乙醚和乙二醇丁醚。相稳定剂包括甲基叔丁基醚、正丁醇、正辛醇和乳化剂MOA-3。蒸汽压调节剂为二异丙醚。防腐抗溶胀剂为甲基苯并三氮唑、正丁胺和2,4-二异丙基酚。助燃剂为硝酸异辛酯。抗氧稳定剂为5-烷氧基-2(5H)呋喃酮的四氢呋喃溶液,该溶液的质量百分比浓度为4%。
本实施例中,甲醇汽油的制备包括以下步骤:
A、按配比取所述甲醇89份、汽油25份、助溶剂15份、相稳定剂7份、蒸汽压调节剂5份、防腐抗溶胀剂1份、助燃剂0.9份以及抗氧稳定剂0.9份混合得混合液;
B、以250W的超声波超声处理步骤A得到的混合液30分钟,使混合均匀即得油品稳定的甲醇汽油。
实施例9
按体积计,甲醇汽油中各组分的配比关系如下:
其中,助溶剂包括按体积比为5:2:3:1配置的醇类、酯类、醇醚类和丙酮的混合物,醇类包括仲辛醇和异丁醇,酯类包括乙酸乙酯和乙酸异戊脂,醇醚类为乙二醇乙醚和乙二醇丁醚。相稳定剂包括甲基叔丁基醚、正丁醇、正辛醇、乳化剂MOA-3、乳化剂MOA-3B和乳化剂MOA-9。蒸汽压调节剂为碳酸二甲酯和二异丙醚。防腐抗溶胀剂为苯并三氮唑、甲基苯并三氮唑、正丁胺和2,4-二叔丁基酚。助燃剂为硝酸异戊酯和硝酸异辛酯。抗氧稳定剂为5-烷氧基-2(5H)呋喃酮的四氢呋喃溶液,该溶液的质量百分比浓度为4%。
本实施例中,甲醇汽油的制备包括以下步骤:
A、按配比取所述甲醇90份、汽油25份、助溶剂15份、相稳定剂7份、蒸汽压调节剂5份、防腐抗溶胀剂1份、助燃剂1份以及抗氧稳定剂1份混合得混合液;
B、以250W的超声波超声处理步骤A得到的混合液30分钟,使混合均匀即得油品稳定的甲醇汽油。
对实施例1-9甲醇汽油的性能测试结果如下:
上表及所列举的实施例可以看出,本发明提供的甲醇汽油,原料易购、添加剂加入量少且成本低廉,所制备的甲醇汽油稳定性高,在含水量较大和较低温度下不分层,蒸汽压低,满足国IV标准对车用汽油蒸汽压的要求,同时具有良好的防腐和抗溶胀性,适合于工业生产,能够满足实际应用环境中的使用要求。
本发明提供的甲醇汽油,具有以下主要特点:
(1)解决用甲醇汽油需改装发动机的问题:使用本发明提供的甲醇汽油,汽车不需要加装任何转换、控制装置,无需清洗油箱,耗油量与93号汽油相等,完全可以替代93-97号汽油。
(2)解决了其它甲醇汽油中普遍存在的冷启动、热气堵、稳定性差、腐蚀溶胀和高温润滑等问题。
(3)兼容性好:可单独使用,也可与汽油以任意比例相溶混合使用。
(4)环保、清洁:燃烧更完全彻底,热转换效率更高,无残渣残液、不黑锅底,燃烧生成物为水蒸气和二氧化碳,较之其它燃料二氧化碳的排放降低40%,有害气体排放量下降80%以上,能清洁常用设备的油路,自动清洗发动机燃烧室,无积碳。
(5)高温高效,价格低廉,与普通汽油相比,使用成本可降低30%,作为一种安全环保燃料,兼具柴油、液化气的高效和方便性,使用更加安全、稳定。
(6)方便安全,更易存储:只需在常温常压下用普通金属或塑料容器就可以存储,无需压力钢瓶,运输和使用方便快捷、安全可靠。
(7)本发明提供的甲醇汽油比水轻、安全、无排放、不挥发且燃烧无残留,稳定不分层,可存放一年以上。用水可以扑灭,安全有保障。燃烧充分、无异味、无烟且不黑锅底。
本发明不局限于上述可选的实施方式,任何人在本发明的启示下都可得出其他各种形式的产品。上述具体实施方式不应理解成对本发明的保护范围的限制,本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求书中界定的为准,并且说明书可以用于解释权利要求书。

Claims (10)

1.一种油品稳定的甲醇汽油,其特征在于:包括按体积计算的甲醇80-90份、汽油21-25份、助溶剂10-15份、相稳定剂4-7份、蒸汽压调节剂1-5份、防腐抗溶胀剂0.3-1份、助燃剂0.2-1份以及抗氧稳定剂0.2-1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的油品稳定的甲醇汽油,其特征在于:所述助溶剂包括按体积比为2-5:3-5:3-5:1-3配置的醇类、酯类、醇醚类和丙酮的混合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的油品稳定的甲醇汽油,其特征在于:所述助溶剂中的醇类包括仲辛醇和异丁醇,助溶剂中的酯类包括乙酸乙酯和乙酸异戊脂,助溶剂中的醇醚类为乙二醇乙醚和乙二醇丁醚。
4.根据权利要求1所述的油品稳定的甲醇汽油,其特征在于:所述相稳定剂包括甲基叔丁基醚、正丁醇、正辛醇、乳化剂MOA-3、乳化剂MOA-3B和乳化剂MOA-9中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的油品稳定的甲醇汽油,其特征在于:所述蒸汽压调节剂包括碳酸二甲酯和二异丙醚中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的油品稳定的甲醇汽油,其特征在于:所述防腐抗溶胀剂包括苯并三氮唑、甲基苯并三氮唑、正丁胺和酚类中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的油品稳定的甲醇汽油,其特征在于:所述防腐抗溶胀剂中的酚类为2,4-二异丙基酚或2,4-二叔丁基酚。
8.根据权利要求1所述的油品稳定的甲醇汽油,其特征在于:所述助燃剂包括硝酸异戊酯和硝酸异辛酯。
9.根据权利要求1所述的油品稳定的甲醇汽油,其特征在于:所述抗氧稳定剂为5-烷氧基-2(5H)呋喃酮的四氢呋喃溶液,该溶液的质量百分比浓度为2-4%。
10.一种如权利要求1-9任一项所述油品稳定的甲醇汽油的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
A、按体积取所述甲醇80-90份、汽油21-25份、助溶剂10-15份、相稳定剂4-7份、蒸汽压调节剂1-5份、防腐抗溶胀剂0.3-1份、助燃剂0.2-1份以及抗氧稳定剂0.2-1份混合得混合液;
B、以200-250W的超声波超声处理步骤A得到的混合液25-30分钟,使混合均匀即得油品稳定的甲醇汽油。
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Application publication date: 20180907