CN108504370B - Coke oven carbonization chamber smoke and dust treatment system based on coal gas quality-divided recovery - Google Patents
Coke oven carbonization chamber smoke and dust treatment system based on coal gas quality-divided recovery Download PDFInfo
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- CN108504370B CN108504370B CN201810556111.9A CN201810556111A CN108504370B CN 108504370 B CN108504370 B CN 108504370B CN 201810556111 A CN201810556111 A CN 201810556111A CN 108504370 B CN108504370 B CN 108504370B
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- C10B53/04—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coke oven carbonization chamber smoke dust treatment system based on coal gas quality-divided recovery, and belongs to the technical field of energy conservation and environmental protection in the coking industry. The system comprises a machine side coke oven gas recovery system arranged at the machine side of a coke oven carbonization chamber and used for recovering raw coke gas generated by coking coal in the middle coking period, and also comprises a coke side coal charging smoke recovery system arranged at the coke side of the coke oven carbonization chamber and used for recovering coal charging smoke generated during coal charging, and the raw coke gas generated by the coking coal in the initial coking period and the final coking period, wherein the coke side coal charging smoke recovery system comprises a water seal valve, a coal charging smoke combustion chamber connected with one end of the water seal valve and a coke side gas collecting pipe used for conveying smoke to the coke oven combustion chamber, and an automatic igniter and a combustion chamber release port communicated with the external atmosphere are also arranged in the coal charging smoke combustion chamber. The system can simultaneously realize the recovery of the waste heat in the coal charging process and the coking process and reduce the accident rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to recovery of coal-charging smoke dust and coking gas of a coke oven, belongs to the technical field of energy conservation and environmental protection of coking industry, and particularly relates to a smoke dust treatment system of a coke oven carbonization chamber based on coal gas quality-based recovery.
Background
In the currently widespread top-loading chamber coking process, strong evolution of gas due to the high temperature of the walls of the coking chamber is observed almost immediately when the latter is loaded with coal. During the first two hours, the heat expended from the furnace walls is higher than the heat received from the heating tunnel-the furnace wall temperature drops, causing coal decomposition and gas evolution to slow. The furnace wall temperature is then equilibrated and the decomposition is carried out at approximately constant rate. And (3) observing that coal gas precipitation is enhanced after tar seams are generated on the central line of the coke cake at the temperature of 450-500 ℃ until the temperature reaches the maximum value at 800-900 ℃.
Wangcheng dynasty study shows that the gas quantity generated in the coal charging processAbout 7 times the amount of coal gas generated during coking. The coal gas amount produced during coal charging is as follows: 3600m3Perh (gas generation amount per ton of coal: 320-340 m)3(ii) a/t coal; coking time: the coking time of the coking chamber with the width of 450mm is 18 h; coal charge per hole of the carbonization chamber: 28.9t), the average heat value of the raw coke oven gas generated in the coal charging process is 22990kJ, which is lower than that of the coke oven gas (the heat value of the coke oven gas is generally 17-19 GJ/Nm3). The gas and steam begin to appear when the coal enters the carbonization chamber, and the flue gas emitted from the coal charging hole mainly comprises water vapor, tar substances and coal dust. Moisture is first evaporated from the wet coal near the furnace walls. The evaporation of water is finished at 105-110 ℃.
The coal charging generates smoke dust from the following aspects:
1. the coal material charged into the carbonization chamber is converted into a large amount of air, and the oxygen in the air and the fine coal particles charged into the furnace are combusted to generate carbon black at the beginning of charging to form black smoke.
2. The charged coal contacts with the high-temperature furnace wall and is heated to generate a large amount of water vapor and raw coke oven gas.
3. Fine coal powder simultaneously lifted along with the water vapor and the raw coke oven gas, and fine coal powder brought out during coal leveling in the last coal loading stage.
4. Coal gas ejected due to instantaneous blockage of the furnace top space.
These fumes are emitted to the atmosphere through coal charging holes, riser caps, flat coal holes, and the like.
The coal charging operation of each furnace is usually 2 to 3 minutes, and the smoking time of the 1 and 2 is about 1 to 1.5 minutes. According to actual measurement (for the effective area 117m of the carbonization chamber)2Measured value of belt at the time of ascending pipe injection) of the amount of soot generated at the time of charging coal was 1.2Nm3M is2. The moisture content of the wet coal gas at the initial stage of coal charging is 40-50%, so that the dry smoke content is about 0.6Nm3M is2. This value varies depending on factors such as the furnace wall temperature, the coal charging speed, the nature of the coal, etc. The gas heating value at the last stage of coal charging can reach 3000-3. The dust emission (based on the statistical average from west de one plant) in the coal charging dust was about 200 g/ton of coal, and some data provided greater data.
When the pressure of the gas collecting pipe is too high, the pressure of the carbonization chamber is also higher. Although the calorific value of the gas obtained in this case is high-because it is not diluted by the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber system or by external air-the gas yield is low-because a part of the gas leaks into the combustion chamber system or escapes to the outside of the furnace through a non-tight furnace door.
When the pressure in the gas collecting pipe is too low, the pressure in the carbonization chamber, particularly in the later stage of coking, is lower than that of the combustion chamber system, and the coal gas is diluted by the waste gas from the combustion chamber system. The entry of air into the chamber causes chemical reactions that degrade the quality of the gas and damage the walls of the furnace.
In order to prevent the carbonization chamber from forming negative pressure, the pressure of the gas collecting pipe is hydrostatic pressure plus 5 Pa. For example, if the distance from the gas collecting pipe to the bottom of the carbonization chamber is 11m, the pressure of the gas collecting pipe should be equal to (11 x 10) +5 ═ 115 Pa.
In order to prevent the pressure of the raw gas of the coke oven gas collecting pipe from rising too much, for example, when the gas blower is stopped, a gas diffusion pipe is arranged on the coke oven gas collecting pipe. The release pipe is provided with a manual turnover plate or an automatic hydraulic valve with adjustable opening pressure, and the opening pressure of the release valve is 200 Pa or 250 Pa.
For a single carbonization chamber, at the initial stage of the coking process after coal charging, certain gaps inevitably exist due to the combination error of large and small furnace doors and a furnace door frame, and the carbonization chamber at the moment is required to keep positive pressure in the production process, so that part of raw coke oven gas overflows through the gaps to pollute the environment; and after the coking time is 1-2 hours, the gaps are blocked by tar carried by the overflowed raw gas and softened plastic coal, and the overflow of the raw gas can be controlled.
If the suction force of the gas fan is increased and the pressure of the carbonization chamber is reduced, the quality of gas is influenced, the power consumption of the fan is increased, and the operation load of a subsequent gas purification system is increased, so that the investment of the gas purification system is increased and the purification cost is increased.
In summary, the technical problems to be solved are as follows:
(1) the modern coking process and equipment determine that a recovery system of the coke oven gas must be in a good state for a long time to ensure 100 percent recovery of the coke oven gas. However, due to the restrictions of investment and gas properties (flammable and explosive, if two sets are used, the unused set needs to be protected by inert gas for a long time, and the standby cost is too high), the construction of a standby gas recovery system is generally not considered during the design and engineering construction of the modern coking process, so that the problem of the emission of coke oven crude gas and the pollution to the environment caused by the emission of the coke oven crude gas are difficult to overcome in the modern coking production. Meanwhile, the problems that the existing coking raw gas recovery system cannot overcome the raw gas diffusion loss and pollute the environment in an accident state are also determined, and the accident emergency measures for coke oven production are seriously insufficient;
(2) in the coking process of coking coal, the composition property difference of the generated raw coke gas is large in different coking periods, and the existing coking raw coke gas recovery system cannot identify the property of the raw coke gas and can not perform quality-based recovery on the raw coke gas with different properties in different periods. Especially in the initial coking stage after coal charging, carbon monoxide and methane are the main components of the raw coke gas in the stage, and the most valuable aromatic hydrocarbon is almost not available. Meanwhile, the fine coal powder and the water content are high, and after the raw gas enters the recovery system, dust, water gas and the like carried by the raw gas are all collected and enter a subsequent gas purification system, so that subsequent related units are blocked, the quality of subsequent related products is seriously influenced, and the subsequent wastewater treatment cost is increased;
(3) the coking production process is limited, the coking chamber is required to be operated under positive pressure, and the existing coking raw gas recovery system cannot avoid the phenomenon that the raw gas overflows from the large and small furnace doors of the coking chamber, the coal charging hole cover at the furnace top and the like to pollute the environment in the initial coking stage.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the coal charging and coking processes, the invention discloses a coke oven carbonization chamber smoke treatment system based on coal gas quality-based recovery, which can recover coal charging smoke dust and coke oven raw coal gas.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a coke oven carbonization chamber smoke dust treatment system based on coal gas quality-divided recovery, which comprises a machine side coke oven gas recovery system arranged on the machine side of a coke oven carbonization chamber and used for recovering raw coke gas generated by coking coal in the middle coking period, and also comprises a coke side coal charging smoke dust recovery system arranged on the coke side of the coke oven carbonization chamber and used for recovering coal charging smoke dust generated during coal charging and raw coke gas generated by coking coal in the initial coking period and the final coking period, wherein the coke side coal charging smoke dust recovery system comprises a water seal valve, a coal charging smoke dust combustion chamber connected with one end of the water seal valve and a coke side gas collecting pipe used for conveying smoke gas to the coke oven combustion chamber, and an automatic igniter and a combustion chamber diffusion port communicated with the external atmosphere are also arranged in the coal charging smoke dust combustion chamber.
Furthermore, the coke side coal-charging smoke dust recovery system is also used for recovering the crude gas when the machine side coke oven gas recovery system fails or the pressure in the coke oven carbonization chamber exceeds the coking operation capacity, and the crude gas is sent to the coke oven combustion chamber to reduce the occurrence rate of accidents.
And the water seal valve is a U-shaped pipeline, a water level regulating valve and a dredging valve for dredging the blockage of the valve in the pipeline are arranged in the U-shaped pipeline, and meanwhile, a water seal valve water inlet pipe, a water injection valve, a water seal valve backflow pipe and a water seal valve overflow pipe are also arranged on the U-shaped pipeline, wherein when the U-shaped pipeline is filled with water, a gas passage between the coke oven carbonization chamber and the coke side coke oven gas recovery system can be cut off, and the water level in the U-shaped pipeline can be regulated by regulating the water level regulating valve to control the gas flux between the coke oven carbonization chamber and the coke side coke oven gas recovery system, so that the control of the gas pressure in the coke oven carbonization chamber is realized, and the phenomena of smoke generation and fire generation of the coke oven are avoided as much as possible.
And furthermore, the water seal valve controls the temperature of the coal-charging smoke dust or the raw gas to be less than or equal to 300 ℃, and part of dust eluted by the water seal valve enters a sedimentation tank connected with the water seal valve.
And further, in the initial stage and the final stage of coking, the water seal valve controls the internal pressure of the coking chamber of the coke oven to be-3 Pa.
And further, the initial coking period is 2-2.5 h after the coking coal charging of the coking chamber of the coke oven is finished, and the final coking period is 1h before the coking coal is finished.
And furthermore, 2-3 coke oven carbonization chambers of each coke oven share one coal-charging smoke combustion chamber, and the gas outlet of each coal-charging smoke combustion chamber is connected with a coke side gas collecting pipe.
And furthermore, a coke side automatic regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the coal-charging smoke combustion chamber and the coke side gas collecting pipe.
And furthermore, a temperature controller and a heat-resistant exhaust fan are also arranged on a gas pipeline connecting the coke side gas collecting pipe and the coke oven combustion chamber, and the temperature of the flue gas entering the coke oven combustion chamber is controlled by the temperature controller to be less than or equal to 300 ℃.
Generally, the generation of raw coke oven gas can be divided into two stages:
-the coal component decomposes upon reaching about 500 ℃ to produce an initial product;
-the initial product is pyrolyzed to produce the final product.
The volatile matter begins to separate out and the coal structure begins to break down, which is related to the coalification degree. The temperature at which the coal blending starts to decompose is about 300 ℃.
The gas and steam begin to appear when the coking chamber is charged with coal, and the flue gas emitted from the coal charging hole mainly comprises water vapor, tar substances and coal dust. Moisture is first evaporated from the wet coal near the furnace walls. The evaporation of water is finished at 105-110 ℃.
In the temperature range of 100-200 ℃, stored gas is separated from coal and mainly comprises methane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, water is a main product of the stage, but it is difficult to determine when separation of adsorbed water is finished and pyrolysis water begins to be formed.
When the temperature is higher than 200 ℃, besides the pyrolysis water, decomposition products are generated, firstly, oxides (mainly humic acid) are decomposed, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are separated out, and the oxides are converted into higher phenol. This process is generally carried out at 205-350 ℃ (about 400 ℃ for coking coal) and 5-10% of gas (determined by the properties of the coal as fired) is separated. When the temperature rises, the coal is continuously decomposed, the coking process enters a primary product, mainly a period (plastic stage) where primary tar is separated out most, the period is ended at the temperature of 500-550 ℃, and the coal begins to form semicoke through the plastic state. During the process, 40-50% of coke oven gas is generated, and the components of the coke oven gas are characterized by high methane content (less than or equal to 60%) and low hydrogen content (less than or equal to 20%).
When the coal is heated from 500 ℃ to 800 ℃, the coal gas rich in hydrogen is uniformly separated, and the volume of the hydrogen reaches 45%. The primary tar is decomposed and produces relatively low levels of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons such as ethane, ethylene and acetylene. Unsaturated hydrocarbons close to form hexagonal rings and produce aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene by dehydrogenation.
The temperature of 700 to 800 ℃ is the most suitable temperature range for producing the most valuable aromatic hydrocarbon.
At temperatures above 700 c, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, anthracene) begin to form, the amount of which increases with increasing temperature, as do the hydrogen levels. The oxygen-containing compounds continue to undergo decomposition to produce lower phenols from the higher phenols, which are further decomposed into carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and lower hydrocarbons. Oxygenates also form a large amount of water. Ammonia begins to decompose to elemental nitrogen, which combines with carbon and hydrogen to form hydrogen cyanide, and sulfur-containing compounds produce primarily hydrogen sulfide.
The temperature higher than 800 ℃ is characterized in that: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, anthracene) increase and graphite starts to be produced; the lowest hydrocarbons begin to decompose gradually into elements. Ethylene forms acetylene, hydrogen and methane at 800-900 ℃, while methane decomposes to carbon and hydrogen at temperatures above 1000 ℃.
In conclusion, the system designed by the invention can realize the purpose of classifying and recycling the coal-charging smoke dust and the raw coke oven gas during coking.
In addition, the machine side coke oven gas recovery system is the existing crude gas recovery system.
The method for recycling the smoke by adopting the coke oven carbonization chamber smoke dust treatment system based on coal gas quality-based recycling comprises the following steps:
1) when the coke oven carbonization chamber is charged with coal, the water level regulating valve of the water seal valve is in a fully open state, the water injection valve of the water seal valve is opened, dust-containing smoke coal-charging smoke dust generated by coal charging flows through the water seal valve to be separated into dust and smoke, the dust enters a sedimentation tank connected with a return pipe of the water seal valve along with the internal water flow of the water seal valve to obtain coal powder solid, and the smoke enters a coal-charging smoke dust combustion chamber; when the flue gas contains oxygen, an automatic igniter in the coal-charging smoke dust combustion chamber automatically ignites and burns until the oxygen is exhausted, so that residual gas is obtained; after the combustion is finished, the coke side automatic regulating valve is opened, the residual gas enters a coke side gas collecting pipe, and the temperature of the flue gas entering a combustion chamber of the coke oven is controlled to be less than or equal to 300 ℃ until the coal charging is finished.
2) The coking is started in the coking chamber 1 of the coke oven to coke for 2-2.5 h, and the operation is repeated; meanwhile, in order to avoid the phenomenon of smoke or fire when the pressure in the coke oven carbonization chamber is too high, the water level regulating valve of the water seal valve is regulated to regulate the water level of accumulated water in the water seal valve so as to ensure that the pressure in the coke oven carbonization chamber is-3 Pa.
3) In the middle stage of coking of a coke oven carbonization chamber, closing the coke side automatic regulating valve, opening a water injection valve on the water seal valve to fill the inside of a U-shaped pipe of the water seal valve with water, and cutting off a coke side gas channel; opening a regulating valve on an ammonia water pipe, spraying circulating ammonia water into the elbow and the bridge pipe to cool the raw gas, opening a machine side manual regulating valve and a machine side automatic regulating valve to enable a machine side gas collecting pipe and a machine side gas suction pipe to be communicated with each other, starting a machine side exhaust fan arranged on the machine side gas suction pipe, pumping the cooled raw gas in the machine side gas collecting pipe out to enter a gas purification system, and continuing the process until 1h before the end of a coking period.
4) Repeating the operation of the step 1) 1h before the coking of the coke oven coking chamber 1 is finished.
The coke oven carbonization chamber smoke dust treatment system based on coal gas quality-divided recovery mainly has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the system designed by the invention can classify and recycle the coal-charging dust, and the dust solids in the coal-charging dust are separated by using the water seal valve, so that the problem of difficult separation caused by mixing with tar is avoided on one hand, and the quality of flue gas is improved on the other hand;
(2) according to the system designed by the invention, moisture in the coking coal is pumped into the coke side gas collecting pipe in the initial coking stage and the later coking stage and finally enters the coke oven combustion chamber along with the raw coke gas, so that on one hand, the waste heat in the raw coke gas is fully utilized, on the other hand, the moisture is prevented from entering the gas purification system along with the raw coke gas, and the difficulty and the cost of wastewater treatment are reduced; meanwhile, the dust in the raw coke oven gas generated in the carbonization chamber is partially washed by the water seal valve, and the part of the dust is sent into the combustion chamber of the coke oven to be used as a supplementary fuel, so that the amount of the coal dust entering the tar is reduced, the quality of the tar is improved, and the probability of pipeline blockage in the system is reduced;
(3) the system designed by the invention can avoid environmental pollution caused by the emission of the coke oven crude gas when an accident happens to the carbonization chamber;
(4) the system designed by the invention can control the internal pressure of the carbonization chamber to be micro-positive pressure by adjusting the water level in the water seal valve, thereby reducing the probability of smoking or firing in the carbonization chamber;
(5) the system designed by the invention can burn off the mixed oxygen through the combustion chamber, thereby reducing the occurrence rate of explosion accidents.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
the parts in fig. 1 are numbered as follows:
a coke oven carbonization chamber 1 (wherein, a coal charging hole 1.1);
a coke side coal charging smoke dust recovery system 2 (wherein, a coke side ascending pipe 2.1 (wherein, a coke side ascending pipe cover 2.11), a water seal valve 2.2 (wherein, a water seal valve water inlet pipe 2.21, a water injection valve 2.22, a water level regulating valve 2.23, a water seal valve return pipe 2.24, a water seal valve overflow pipe 2.25, a dredging valve 2.26), a coal charging smoke dust combustion chamber 2.3 (wherein, an automatic igniter 2.31, a combustion chamber diffusion port 2.32, a diffusion port flap valve 2.33), a coke side gas collecting pipe 2.4 and a coke side automatic regulating valve 2.5);
a machine side coke oven gas recovery system 3 (wherein, the machine side ascending pipe 3.1, the machine side ascending pipe cover 3.11, the elbow and bridge pipe 3.2, the pi-shaped pipe 3.3, the machine side manual regulating valve 3.4, the machine side automatic regulating valve 3.5, the machine side gas collecting pipe 3.6, the machine side gas suction pipe 3.7, the ammonia water pipe 3.8 and the tar box 3.9).
Detailed Description
Each coke oven comprises a plurality of coke oven carbonization chambers and coke oven combustion chambers, wherein the coke oven carbonization chambers and the coke oven combustion chambers are distributed in a staggered manner, so that a coke oven combustion chamber is arranged between every two adjacent coke oven carbonization chambers; and each coke oven carbonization chamber is provided with a coke side coal charging smoke dust recovery system and a machine side coke oven gas recovery system.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a coke oven carbonization chamber smoke dust treatment system based on coal gas quality-divided recovery, which comprises a coke oven carbonization chamber 1, a coke side coal-charging smoke dust recovery system 2 and a machine side coke oven gas recovery system 3, wherein the coke side coal-charging smoke dust recovery system 2 and the machine side coke oven gas recovery system 3 are respectively arranged on the coke side of the coke oven carbonization chamber 1, the top end of the coke oven carbonization chamber 1 is provided with a plurality of coal charging holes 1.1 for adding coking coal to the coke oven carbonization chamber 1, and the coke side coal-charging smoke dust recovery system 2 comprises a coke side ascending pipe 2.1 (the coke side ascending pipe 2.1 is also provided with a coke side ascending pipe cover 2.11), a water seal valve 2.2, a coal-charging smoke dust combustion chamber 2.3 and a coke side gas collecting pipe 2.4 for conveying smoke gas to a coke oven combustion chamber; the water seal valve 2.2 is a U-shaped pipeline, one end of the U-shaped pipeline is connected with a coke side ascending pipe 2.1, the other end of the U-shaped pipeline is connected with a coal charging smoke combustion chamber 2.3, the coal charging smoke combustion chamber 2.3 is communicated with the coke side ascending pipe 2.1 through the water seal valve 2.2, an internal pipeline is kept communicated, and the coal charging smoke combustion chamber 2.3 is connected with a coke side gas collecting pipe 2.4; meanwhile, an automatic igniter 2.31 is arranged inside the coal-charging smoke combustion chamber 2.3, a combustion chamber diffusing port 2.32 is arranged at the top end of the coal-charging smoke combustion chamber 2.3, and an automatic flap valve 2.33 is arranged on the combustion chamber diffusing port 2.32; a gas pipeline of the coke side gas collecting pipe 2.4 connected with the combustion chamber of the coke oven is provided with a temperature controller and a heat-resistant exhaust fan, the temperature controller controls the temperature of the flue gas entering the combustion chamber of the coke oven to be less than or equal to 300, and the temperature controller is preferably a heat exchanger or spray cooling type equipment.
Referring to fig. 1 again, the pipeline of the water seal valve 2.2 is a U-shaped pipeline, a water seal valve water inlet pipe 2.21, a water seal valve overflow pipe 2.25 and a water seal valve return pipe 2.24 are arranged on the U-shaped pipeline, a water injection valve 2.22 is arranged on the water seal valve water inlet pipe 2.21, a water level regulating valve 2.23 is arranged inside the U-shaped pipe, a dredging valve 2.26 for spraying high-pressure water or high-pressure steam is arranged at the lower end of the bottom of the U-shaped pipe, and the tail end of the water seal valve return pipe 2.24 is connected with a sedimentation tank; when coal-charging smoke dust flows through the water seal valve 2.2 during coal charging, the water seal valve 2.2 cools the coal-charging smoke dust on one hand, and washes partial smoke dust on the other hand, the washed dust is washed by water flow, enters a water seal valve return pipe 2.24 through a water level regulating valve 2.23 of the water seal valve 2.2 and enters a sedimentation tank connected with the water seal valve return pipe 2.24 along with water flow in a pipe to obtain coal powder solid, and the coal powder solid can be used as coking coal of a coke oven again after dehydration is realized; the cooled flue gas enters a combustion chamber 2.3 under the suction action of a coke side heat-resistant exhaust fan; when the flue gas entering the combustion chamber 2.3 contains oxygen, the automatic igniter 2.31 automatically ignites until the oxygen is exhausted to obtain residual gas, and the residual gas enters the coke side gas collecting pipe 2.4 and is sent into the combustion chamber of the coke oven to be used as coal gas supplement for coking.
In addition, if the valve inside the water seal valve 2.2 is blocked by dust solids, the dredging valve 2.26 is opened to spray high-pressure water or high-pressure steam to clean the valve so as to realize the purpose of dredging the deposit in the valve, and water flow and dust washed by water enter a sedimentation tank connected with the water seal valve 2.2 along a water seal valve return pipe 2.24 arranged on the water seal valve 2.2.
Meanwhile, the machine side coke oven gas recovery system 3 is an existing crude gas recovery system, and is used for extracting crude gas generated in a coke oven carbonization chamber in a coke oven coking process, and as shown in fig. 1, the machine side coke oven gas recovery system comprises a machine side ascending pipe 3.1 (a machine side ascending pipe cover 3.11 is further arranged on the machine side ascending pipe 3.1), an elbow and bridge pipe 3.2, a pi-shaped pipe 3.3, a machine side manual regulating valve 3.4, a machine side automatic regulating valve 3.5, a machine side gas collecting pipe 3.6, a machine side gas suction pipe 3.7, an ammonia water pipe 3.8 and a tar box 3.9, wherein the machine side gas collecting pipe 3.6 is further connected with the machine side gas suction pipe 3.7 through the pi-shaped pipe 3.3, the machine side gas suction pipe 3.7 is connected with a gas purification system, the machine side gas suction pipe 3.3 is provided with the machine side manual regulating valve 3.4 and the machine side automatic regulating valve 3.5, and a specific process of: the raw gas entering the elbow and the bridge pipe 3.2 is cooled by ammonia water sprayed along an ammonia water pipe 3.8, so that the temperature of the raw gas is reduced to 70-80 ℃, the cooled raw gas enters a machine side gas collecting pipe 3.6, tar in the raw gas enters a tar box 3.9, gas in the raw gas enters a machine side gas suction pipe 3.7 along a pi-shaped pipe 3.3 and is discharged outside, liquid in the raw gas also enters the machine side gas suction pipe 3.7 after flowing through the tar box 3.9, and wastewater is treated by a subsequent gas purification system.
In order to better realize the functions of the recycling system, the following explanation is made with reference to a specific recycling method and specific examples.
In the embodiment, 2X 6 m coke ovens in a coke plant are preferably selected, the coke yield is 110 ten thousand tons/year, and the maximum air volume of the coal charging and dust removing design is 8 ten thousand meters3H, the gas quantity in the coke oven gas recovery system is about 55000Nm3And h, the coking time is 18-20 hours. The flue gas recovery unilateral gas collecting pipe is arranged at the machine side, and the coal charging smoke dust collecting main pipe is arranged at the coke side.
A method for recycling flue gas by a coke oven carbonization chamber smoke dust treatment system based on coal gas quality-based recycling comprises the following steps:
(1) when the coke oven carbonization chamber 1 is charged with coal, the water level regulating valve 2.23 of the water seal valve 2.2 is in a fully open state, the water injection valve 2.22 of the water seal valve 2.2 is opened, the coal-charging smoke dust of dust-containing smoke generated by coal charging flows through the water seal valve 2.2 to be separated into dust and smoke, the dust enters a sedimentation tank connected with a return pipe 2.24 of the water seal valve along with the internal water flow of the water seal valve 2.2 to obtain coal powder solid, and the smoke enters a combustion chamber 2.3; the automatic igniter 2.31 in the combustion chamber 2.3 automatically ignites and burns until oxygen is exhausted when the flue gas contains oxygen, and residual gas is obtained; after the combustion is finished, the coke side automatic regulating valve 2.5 is opened, the residual gas enters the coke side gas collecting pipe 2.4, and the temperature of the flue gas entering the combustion chamber of the coke oven is controlled to be less than or equal to 300 ℃ until the coal charging is finished.
(2) The coking is started in the coking chamber 1 of the coke oven to coke for 2-2.5 h, and the operation is repeated; meanwhile, in order to avoid the phenomenon of smoke or fire when the pressure in the coke oven carbonization chamber 1 is too high, the water level of accumulated water in the water seal valve 2.2 is adjusted by adjusting the water level adjusting valve 2.23 of the water seal valve 2.2 so as to ensure that the pressure in the coke oven carbonization chamber 1 is-3 Pa.
(3) In the middle stage of coking in the coking chamber 1 of the coke oven, closing the coke side automatic regulating valve 2.23, opening the water injection valve 2.22 on the water seal valve 2.2 to ensure that the inside of the U-shaped pipe of the water seal valve 2.2 is filled with water, and cutting off a coke side gas channel; opening a regulating valve on an ammonia water pipe 3.8, spraying circulating ammonia water into the elbow and a bridge pipe 3.2 to cool the crude gas, opening a machine side manual regulating valve 3.4 and a machine side automatic regulating valve 3.5 to enable a machine side gas collecting pipe 3.6 to be communicated with the interior of a machine side gas suction pipe 3.7, starting a machine side exhaust fan arranged on the machine side gas suction pipe 3.7, pumping the cooled crude gas in the machine side gas collecting pipe 3.6 out to enter a gas purification system, and continuing the process until 1h before the coking period is finished.
(4) Repeating the operation of the step (1) for 1-2.5 hours before the coking of the coke oven carbonization chamber 1 is finished.
In order to better cope with sudden accidents, in the middle stage of coking, if the coke oven gas recovery system 3 on the coke oven side fails, the internal channel of the coke oven gas recovery system 3 on the coke oven side is closed, the internal channel of the coke oven gas recovery system 2 on the coke side is opened, the operation of the step (1) is repeated, and the raw coke gas generated in the coke oven coking chamber 1 is extracted and sent to the coke oven combustion chamber to be used as supplementary fuel.
If the time that the machine side coke oven gas recovery system 3 breaks down is long, even if accumulated water in the water seal valve 2.2 is completely drained, the coke side heat-resistant fan can not completely pump out the raw coke gas generated in the coke oven carbonization chamber 1, so that the pressure in the coke oven carbonization chamber 1 exceeds the coking operation range, if the pressure in the coke oven carbonization chamber 1 reaches 160Pa, the coke side automatic regulating valve 2.5 corresponding to the coke oven carbonization chamber 1 is closed, the diffusing port flap valve 2.33 is opened, the raw coke gas is combusted in the combustion chamber 2.3 and then discharged, the pollution to the environment caused by the complete diffusion of the raw coke gas is avoided, and the atmospheric environment quality of a coking plant area is greatly improved.
The above examples are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention has other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a coke oven carbonization chamber smoke and dust treatment system based on coal gas divides matter to retrieve, is used for retrieving machine side coke oven gas recovery system (3) of the raw coke oven gas that the coking coal produced in coking middle period including setting up at coke oven carbonization chamber (1) machine side, its characterized in that: the device also comprises a coke side coal charging smoke dust recovery system (2) which is arranged at the coke side of the coke oven carbonization chamber (1) and used for recovering coal charging smoke dust generated during coal charging and raw coke gas generated by coking coal at the initial coking stage and the final coking stage, wherein the coke side coal charging smoke dust recovery system (2) comprises a water seal valve (2.2), a coal charging smoke dust combustion chamber (2.3) connected with one end of the water seal valve (2.2) and a coke side gas collecting pipe (2.4) used for conveying flue gas to the coke oven combustion chamber, and an automatic igniter (2.31) and a combustion chamber diffusion opening (2.32) communicated with the external atmosphere are also arranged in the coal charging smoke dust combustion chamber (2.3);
wherein the initial coking period is 2-2.5 h after the coking coal is charged into the coking chamber (1) of the coke oven, and the final coking period is 1h before the coking coal is coked;
the coking period is the coking middle period after the coking initial period and the coking final period are removed.
2. The coke oven carbonization chamber smoke treatment system based on coal gas quality-divided recovery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the coke side coal charging smoke dust recovery system (2) is also used for recovering raw coke oven gas when the machine side coke oven gas recovery system (3) fails or the pressure in the coke oven carbonization chamber (1) exceeds the coking operation capacity.
3. The coke oven carbonization chamber smoke treatment system based on coal gas quality-divided recovery as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the water seal valve (2.2) is a U-shaped pipeline, and a water level regulating valve (2.23) and a dredging valve (2.26) for dredging the valve blockage in the pipeline are arranged in the U-shaped pipeline.
4. The coke oven carbonization chamber smoke treatment system based on coal gas quality-divided recovery as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the temperature of the coal-charging smoke dust or the raw gas is controlled to be less than or equal to 300 ℃ by the water seal valve (2.2), and part of dust eluted by the water seal valve (2.2) enters a sedimentation tank connected with the water seal valve (2.2).
5. The coke oven carbonization chamber smoke treatment system based on coal gas quality-divided recovery as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and in the initial stage and the final stage of coking, the water seal valve (2.2) controls the internal pressure of the coke oven carbonization chamber (1) to be-3 Pa.
6. The coke oven carbonization chamber smoke treatment system based on coal gas quality-divided recovery as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: every 2-3 coke oven carbonization chambers (1) of each coke oven share one coal-charging smoke combustion chamber (2.3), and the gas outlet of each coal-charging smoke combustion chamber (2.3) is connected with a coke side gas collecting pipe (2.4).
7. The coke oven carbonization chamber smoke treatment system based on coal gas quality-divided recovery as claimed in claim 6, wherein: and a coke side automatic regulating valve (2.5) is arranged on a pipeline connecting the coal charging smoke dust combustion chamber (2.3) and the coke side gas collecting pipe (2.4).
8. The coke oven carbonization chamber smoke abatement system based on gas quality-divided recovery according to claim 1, 2, 4, 5 or 7, wherein: a gas pipeline connecting the coke side gas collecting pipe (2.4) and the combustion chamber of the coke oven is also provided with a temperature controller and a heat-resistant exhaust fan, and the temperature of the flue gas entering the combustion chamber of the coke oven is controlled by the temperature controller to be less than or equal to 300 ℃.
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| CN201437533U (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2010-04-14 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Pressure regulating device for coking chamber of coke oven |
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| JPS60177093A (en) * | 1984-02-23 | 1985-09-11 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Coke oven |
| JPS60257824A (en) * | 1984-06-05 | 1985-12-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Denitration of coke oven exhaust gas |
| CN1296057A (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2001-05-23 | 李九林 | Coke oven smoke prevention and dust control technology and equipment thereof |
| CN2905788Y (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-05-30 | 山西省环境工程设计院(有限公司) | Side-mounted tamping type coke oven flume-guiding cleaning vehicle |
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