CN101691492A - Coal carbonization technology - Google Patents

Coal carbonization technology Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101691492A
CN101691492A CN200910092457A CN200910092457A CN101691492A CN 101691492 A CN101691492 A CN 101691492A CN 200910092457 A CN200910092457 A CN 200910092457A CN 200910092457 A CN200910092457 A CN 200910092457A CN 101691492 A CN101691492 A CN 101691492A
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China
Prior art keywords
coal
destructive distillation
distillation
flue gas
described step
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CN200910092457A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张毅
刘振强
朱永平
程建龙
苗文华
张旭辉
石长江
白中华
何鹏
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XILINHAOTE NATIONAL ENERGY DRYING CO Ltd
Beijing Guodian Futong Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
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XILINHAOTE NATIONAL ENERGY DRYING CO Ltd
Beijing Guodian Futong Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
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Application filed by XILINHAOTE NATIONAL ENERGY DRYING CO Ltd, Beijing Guodian Futong Science and Technology Development Co Ltd filed Critical XILINHAOTE NATIONAL ENERGY DRYING CO Ltd
Priority to CN200910092457A priority Critical patent/CN101691492A/en
Publication of CN101691492A publication Critical patent/CN101691492A/en
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Abstract

The invention relates to a coal carbonization technology which comprises the following steps: a. drying raw material coal, and simultaneously obtaining cold smoke; b. carbonizing the coal after the drying process to form a carbonization product; and c. introducing the cold smoke generated in step a into the carbonization product generated after the carbonization, and cooling the carbonization product. The carbonization technology of the invention fully utilizes the cold smoke generated in the technical process to cool the carbonization product, thereby improving the overall carbonization efficiency; and a large amount of sulfur in the smoke is removed simultaneously when the carbonization product is cooled, thereby realizing the purposes of energy saving and environment protection.

Description

A kind of dry distillation of coal technology
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coal complete processing, relate in particular to a kind of dry distillation of coal technology.
Background technology
Destructive distillation is the reaction process of solid or organism thermal degradation under the secluding air condition.Pyrogenous result generates all gases, steam and solid residue.The mixture of gas and steam is divided into gas and liquid after cooling.Destructive distillation is human a kind of production process of being familiar with and adopting very early, as destructive distillation timber system charcoal, obtains another name for (methyl alcohol), wood vinegar etc. simultaneously.In the chemical process of coal, destructive distillation is an important method always.Coal is through after the destructive distillation, and the composition of raw material and state of aggregation all will change, and solid-state in the product, gaseous state and fluent meterial have, and can obtain semicoke, coal tar, virgin ammonia liquor and coke(oven)gas.
Destructive distillation is produced and is adopted periodical operation mostly, but destructive distillation device can be different and different with purpose because of raw material type, generally can be divided into external combustion type and self-burning type two classes.External combustion type is that raw material is put into the airtight gas retort (kiln) that metal or refractory materials are made, and outsidely uses the fuel combustion heat supply.This pattern of the many employings of modern destructive distillation device.Self-burning type then is in the pyrogenous while, feeds air in certain amount in gas retort, make the heat release of part destructive distillation material combusting, so raw material availability is lower, only adopts in small-scale production.
The lurgi gasifier that external combustion type coal carbonization furnace of the prior art adopts the thirties in 20th century with and improve the type of furnace.Lurgi gasifier claims three sections stoves again, as shown in Figure 1, is divided into three sections of dryings, destructive distillation, cooling.Solid material is sent into coal bunker by the furnace roof belt, be evenly distributed in dryer section 100, combustible gas in the dryer section combustion chamber 500 with air mixed burning, and and from the mixed thermal barrier that becomes of cyclic drying gas that middle archway is extracted out, send into dryer section 200 with dry recycle gas blower drying section 200 bottom archways and come the dried feed coal.On the waste gas drying section 200 behind the archway by the chimney emptying.Dried coal enters retort section 300.Combustible gas and the air hot gas after the burning of retort section combustion chamber 600 is about 1100 ℃, this hot gas with become 700-800 ℃ thermal barrier after secondary coal gas mixes, and make coal 450-500 ℃ of destructive distillation after coal contacts, steam oil gas.The raw gas that produces in the retort section 300 is removed coal tar via after-treatment system 700 and is handled.Coal cinder enters cooling section 400 after burning till semicoke, falls into the bucket that discharges of the coke after three dant air cooling but, falls into the band that discharges of the coke again to send Jiao Chang.
The improvement of lurgi gasifier mainly be concentrate on cloth evenly, the recycle gas resistance reduces, improves aspects such as heat supply condition, improvement deashing device and simplified apparatus.But all there is following shortcoming in existing improved various lurgi gasifiers: most cold flue gas directly is drained, and does not well utilize, thereby has caused the low of dry distillation efficiency; Have, the coal water content in the dryer section is bigger again, water content excessive (more than the 1wt% (weight percent)) still when causing coal cinder to enter in the retort section, and this will influence dry distillation efficiency greatly; In addition, raw gas by the retort section output is at first handled, and feeds cooling section then and carries out quenching, just carries out emptying by chimney behind the coal cinder layer via body of heater afterwards, the coal gas through heating in cooling section is not carried out UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, caused a large amount of wastes of heat energy.
Summary of the invention
For this reason, technical problem to be solved by this invention is the technical problem that cold flue gas is not fully used in the existing dry distillation of coal technology, cooling layer is cooled off the dry distillation of coal technology that has improved dry distillation efficiency thereby propose a kind of cold flue gas that made full use of.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of dry distillation of coal technology of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
A, feed coal is carried out drying treatment, and obtain cold flue gas simultaneously;
B, handle, form the destructive distillation product carry out destructive distillation through the coal of drying treatment;
C, the cold flue gas that described step a is produced feed in the destructive distillation product that produces through the destructive distillation processing, and described destructive distillation product are carried out cooling process.
Before described step a, also be provided with pre-heating step: feed in the pending new feed coal so that it is carried out thermal pretreatment with carrying out the hot flue gas that cooling process obtains simultaneously among the described step c.
The raw gas that produces when destructive distillation is handled among the described step b is not used in the quenching cooling process.
The raw gas that produces when destructive distillation is handled among the described step b only is used for drying treatment and/or the destructive distillation among the described step b of described step a to be handled.
Described raw gas of part and air mixed burning back form the drying treatment that dry flue gas is used for described step a.
The part cold flue gas that produces among the described step a is mixed to regulate the temperature of drying treatment among the described step a with described dry flue gas.
Described raw gas of part and air mixed burning back form the destructive distillation processing that the destructive distillation flue gas is used for described step b.
The part raw gas that produces among the described step b mixes with described destructive distillation flue gas to regulate the temperature that destructive distillation is handled among the described step b.
The temperature that described destructive distillation is handled is 500-570 ℃.
Also has the post-processing step of it being removed coal tar before the described raw gas burning.
The temperature of carrying out thermal pretreatment in the described pre-heating step is 50-100 ℃.
The withering temperature of described step a is 150-220 ℃.
The temperature that described step c carries out the quenching cooling process is 110-150 ℃.
Technique scheme of the present invention has the following advantages compared to existing technology:
At first, distillation process of the present invention has made full use of the cold flue gas that produces the destructive distillation product has been carried out cooling process in technological process, thereby has improved whole dry distillation efficiency; In cooling destructive distillation product, remove sulphur a large amount of in the flue gas, realized energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Have again, distillation process of the present invention is provided with preheating, drying, destructive distillation and cools off four steps, and will carry out thermal pretreatment to the feed coal in the preheating section through the hot flue gas of cooling section, made full use of the waste heat in the flue gas, remove sulphur a large amount of in the flue gas in the semicoke in cooling, realized energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Have again, in the distillation process of the present invention,, be lower than 1wt%, the dry distillation efficiency height through the water content in the feed coal after the drying treatment because feed coal has been carried out thermal pretreatment.
Have again, prior art adopts the raw gas of handling through past coal tar directly to carry out the quenching cooling again, and the main component of quenching flue gas is a carbon monoxide, if at this moment inclusion of air is arranged in the cooling section chamber then blast easily; In the distillation process of the present invention, when destructive distillation, produce raw gas and be not used in the quenching cooling process, but adopt main component is that the cold flue gas of water vapour, carbonic acid gas and nitrogen is carried out the quenching cooling, and the smoke chemistry stable in properties has farthest reduced dangerous generation.
Description of drawings
For the easier quilt of content of the present invention is clearly understood, below according to a particular embodiment of the invention and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further detailed explanation, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a lurgi gasifier distillation process synoptic diagram of the prior art;
Fig. 2 is a dry distillation of coal process flow diagram of the present invention;
Reference numeral is expressed as: the 1-preheating section; The 2-dryer section; The 3-retort section; The 4-cooling section; 5-drying and burning device; 6-destructive distillation burner; The 7-after-treatment system; 8-combustion air blower fan; The 9-recirculation blower; 10-cold flue gas pipeline; The 11-drying duct; The 12-exhaust pipe; The 13-emptying pipe; 14-destructive distillation pipeline; The 100-coal bunker; The 200-dryer section; The 300-retort section; The 400-cooling section; 500-dryer section combustion chamber; 600-retort section combustion chamber; The 700-after-treatment system.
Embodiment
Fig. 2 has shown a kind of concrete embodiment of dry distillation of coal technology of the present invention, a kind of external combustion internally heated coal carbonization furnace of having used dry distillation of coal technology of the present invention, and it is followed successively by from top to bottom: preheating section 1, dryer section 2, retort section 3 and cooling section 4.Described preheating section is arranged on described dryer section top, is communicated with described dryer section, is used for feed coal is carried out thermal pretreatment; Described dryer section is used for feed coal is carried out drying treatment, and obtains cold flue gas simultaneously; Described retort section 3 is used for that the feed coal through drying treatment is carried out destructive distillation and handles, and feed coal is handled the back through destructive distillation and formed semicoke; Described cooling section 4 is to come the semicoke of output is wherein carried out cooling process by feeding described cold flue gas, and obtains hot flue gas simultaneously.Described coal carbonization furnace also is provided with described cold flue gas conducting that described dryer section 2 the is produced cold flue gas pipeline 10 to described cooling section 4, and the described hot flue gas conducting that described cooling section 4 is produced is to the exhaust pipe 12 of described preheating section.The recirculation blower 9 that is connected with on the described cold flue gas pipeline 10, its described cold flue gas that can make the generation in the described dryer section 2 via described cold flue gas pipeline 10 conductings to described cooling section, afterwards again via described exhaust pipe 12 conductings to described preheating section 1.Described cold flue gas pipeline 10 is connected with the emptying passage 13 with the unwanted unnecessary described cold flue gas emptying of described cooling section 4.
The above-mentioned external combustion internally heated coal carbonization furnace of dry distillation of coal technology of the present invention that adopted carries out producing when destructive distillation is handled the after-treatment system 7 that raw gas removes coal tar to feed coal in the raw gas exit of described retort section 3 also is connected with described retort section 3.Between the exhanst gas outlet of described after-treatment system 7 and described dryer section 2, also be connected with drying and burning device 5, between the exhanst gas outlet of described cold flue gas pipeline 10 and described drying and burning device 5, also be connected drying duct 11.Described drying and burning device 5 burns the part coal gas that produces in the described after-treatment system 7, be used for the dry flue gas of the drying treatment of described dryer section 2 with generation, and described drying duct 11 can mix the part cold flue gas that produces in the described dryer section 2 to regulate the temperature of drying treatment in the described dryer section 2 with described dry flue gas.In addition, between the exhanst gas outlet of described after-treatment system 7 and described retort section 3, also be connected with destructive distillation burner 6, between the exhanst gas outlet of the exhanst gas outlet of described after-treatment system 7 and described destructive distillation burner 6, also be connected with destructive distillation pipeline 14.Described destructive distillation burner 6 can burn the part coal gas that produces in the described after-treatment system 7, be used for the destructive distillation flue gas that the destructive distillation of described retort section 3 is handled with generation, and described destructive distillation pipeline 14 can mix the part coal gas that produces in the described after-treatment system 7 to regulate the temperature of the destructive distillation processing in the described retort section 3 with described destructive distillation flue gas mutually.The smoke inlet place of described drying and burning device 5 and described destructive distillation burner 6 also is connected with the combustion air blower fan 8 that combustion air is provided respectively in described drying and burning device 5 and described destructive distillation burner 6.
Dry distillation of coal technology of the present invention comprises the following steps of recirculation: pre-heating step, promptly carry out thermal pretreatment to feed coal; A, the feed coal after the preheating is carried out drying treatment, and produce cold flue gas simultaneously; B, handle, form semicoke carry out destructive distillation through the coal of drying treatment; C, the cold flue gas that described step a is produced feed in the semicoke that produces through the destructive distillation processing, and described semicoke carried out the quenching cooling process, produce hot flue gas simultaneously, described hot flue gas feeds in the pending new feed coal new feed coal is carried out the thermal pretreatment in the described pre-heating step.The main component of the cold flue gas that produces among the described step a is (volume percent content): water vapour 48-50%, nitrogen 20-22%, carbonic acid gas 28-30%.When destructive distillation, produce raw gas among the described step b and be not used in the quenching cooling process.Producing drying treatment and/or the destructive distillation among the described step b that raw gas only is used for described step a among the described step b when destructive distillation handles.Wherein: described raw gas of part and air mixed burning back form the drying treatment that dry flue gas is used for described step a.The part cold flue gas that produces among the described step a is mixed to regulate the temperature of drying treatment among the described step a with described dry flue gas.Described raw gas of part and air mixed burning back form the destructive distillation processing that the destructive distillation flue gas is used for described step b.The part raw gas that produces among the described step b mixes with described destructive distillation flue gas to regulate the temperature that destructive distillation is handled among the described step b.The temperature of the coal cinder of thermal pretreatment is 75 ℃ in the described pre-heating step.The temperature of the withering coal cinder of described step a is 180 ℃.The temperature that destructive distillation is handled among the described step b is 530 ℃.The temperature that described step c carries out the coal cinder of quenching cooling process is 130 ℃.Also has the post-processing step of it being removed coal tar before the described raw gas burning.
The external combustion internally heated coal carbonization furnace of using dry distillation of coal technology of the present invention all is filled with coal cinder or semicoke in preheating section, dryer section, retort section and the cooling section in the process of works better, and coal cinder moves down on the whole and output finished product semicoke.Being feed coal in the preheating section wherein, for carrying out the coal cinder of art breading, is the semicoke of processing to be cooled in the cooling section in dryer section and the retort section.The raw gas that produces in described retort section is removed coal tar through after-treatment system, obtains coal gas.The coal gas of the part that after-treatment system obtains produces the higher dry flue gas of temperature through the burning of drying and burning device, described dry flue gas mixes with the part cold flue gas of coming by conducting in the drying duct, obtains the suitable flue gas of temperature to be used for the drying treatment of dryer section; The coal gas of the other part that after-treatment system obtains produces the higher destructive distillation flue gas of temperature through the burning of destructive distillation burner, described destructive distillation flue gas obtains coal gas with a part of in addition again aftertreatment of coming by conducting in the destructive distillation pipeline to be mixed, and obtains the suitable flue gas of temperature and handles with the destructive distillation that is used for retort section.Combustion air provides by a combustion air blower fan in described drying and burning device and the described destructive distillation burner.In this external combustion internally heated coal carbonization furnace, be provided with preheating, drying, destructive distillation and cool off four segment structures, the cold flue gas process cold flue gas pipeline conducting that produces in dryer section is to cooling section, again via the exhaust pipe conducting to preheating section, and feed coal wherein carried out thermal pretreatment, made full use of the waste heat in the flue gas, remove sulphur a large amount of in the flue gas in the semicoke in cooling, realized energy-conserving and environment-protective.In addition,, be lower than 1wt% (weight percent), guaranteed dry distillation efficiency through the water content in the feed coal after the drying treatment because feed coal has been carried out thermal pretreatment.In addition, producing raw gas and be not used in the quenching cooling process when destructive distillation, is that the cold flue gas of carbonic acid gas and nitrogen is carried out the quenching cooling but adopt main component, and the smoke chemistry stable in properties has farthest reduced dangerous generation.The semicoke output capacity of distillation process of the present invention is 50%; The semicoke water ratio is below the 8wt% (weight percent); The calorific value of raw gas is 1400KCal/Nm 3More than.
In other embodiment, the temperature of the coal cinder of thermal pretreatment is other numerical value in the 50-100 ℃ of scope in the described pre-heating step.The temperature of the withering coal cinder of described step a is other numerical value in the 150-220 ℃ of scope.The temperature that destructive distillation is handled among the described step b is other numerical value in the 500-570 ℃ of scope.The temperature that described step c carries out the semicoke of quenching cooling process is other interior numerical value of 110-150 ℃ of scope.Temperature in the technique scheme is the temperature in preheating section, dryer section, retort section and the cooling section chamber.The Temperature numerical scope of technique scheme all can satisfy the requirement of semicoke quantity-produced, and the Temperature numerical in the concrete enforcement that the front is introduced in detail is best embodiment, and it can reach the highest production efficiency, and production is suitable for working continuously.In other embodiment, it can also be the different product of activated coke or the like volatile content that the destructive distillation product that produces in the destructive distillation treating processes of step b has gone out semicoke, and concrete product type is by the temperature process conditional decision.In addition, in other embodiment, also can not be provided with pre-heating step, at this moment most of cold flue gas is switched on to cooling section to be cooled off the destructive distillation product, and it has made full use of the cold flue gas that produces the destructive distillation product is carried out cooling process in technological process, thereby has improved whole dry distillation efficiency; In cooling destructive distillation product, remove sulphur a large amount of in the flue gas, realized energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Obviously, the foregoing description only is for example clearly is described, and is not the qualification to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here need not also can't give exhaustive to all embodiments.And conspicuous variation of being extended out thus or change still are among the protection domain of the invention.

Claims (13)

1. a dry distillation of coal technology is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
A, feed coal is carried out drying treatment, and obtain cold flue gas simultaneously;
B, handle, form the destructive distillation product carry out destructive distillation through the coal of drying treatment;
C, the cold flue gas that described step a is produced feed in the destructive distillation product that produces through the destructive distillation processing, and described destructive distillation product are carried out cooling process.
2. dry distillation of coal technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also is provided with pre-heating step before described step a: feed in the pending new feed coal so that it is carried out thermal pretreatment carrying out the hot flue gas that cooling process obtains simultaneously among the described step c.
3. dry distillation of coal technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the raw gas that produces when destructive distillation is handled among the described step b is not used in the quenching cooling process.
4. dry distillation of coal technology according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the raw gas that produces when destructive distillation is handled among the described step b only is used for drying treatment and/or the destructive distillation among the described step b of described step a to be handled.
5. dry distillation of coal technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described raw gas of part and air mixed burning back form the drying treatment that dry flue gas is used for described step a.
6. dry distillation of coal technology according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the part cold flue gas that produces among the described step a is mixed to regulate the temperature of drying treatment among the described step a with described dry flue gas.
7. dry distillation of coal technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described raw gas of part and air mixed burning back form the destructive distillation processing that the destructive distillation flue gas is used for described step b.
8. dry distillation of coal technology according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the part raw gas that produces among the described step b mixes with described destructive distillation flue gas to regulate the temperature that destructive distillation is handled among the described step b.
9. dry distillation of coal technology according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the temperature that described destructive distillation is handled is 500-570 ℃.
10. according to any described dry distillation of coal technology among the claim 4-9, it is characterized in that also having the post-processing step of it being removed coal tar before the described raw gas burning.
11., it is characterized in that the temperature of carrying out thermal pretreatment in the described pre-heating step is 50-100 ℃ according to any described dry distillation of coal technology among the claim 2-9.
12., it is characterized in that the withering temperature of described step a is 150-220 ℃ according to any described dry distillation of coal technology among the claim 1-9.
13., it is characterized in that the temperature that described step c carries out the quenching cooling process is 110-150 ℃ according to any described dry distillation of coal technology among the claim 1-9.
CN200910092457A 2009-09-15 2009-09-15 Coal carbonization technology Pending CN101691492A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103965922A (en) * 2013-01-31 2014-08-06 神华集团有限责任公司 Semi-coke dry quenching method, semi-coke product and coal pyrolysis system
CN104152163A (en) * 2014-08-01 2014-11-19 神华集团有限责任公司 Crushed coal pyrolysis and coke dry quenching method and device
CN105199760A (en) * 2015-10-27 2015-12-30 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 Biomass pyrolysis system and biomass pyrolysis method
CN107532098A (en) * 2015-01-23 2018-01-02 比奥恩德夫公司 The method and system that energy-conservation for biomass bakees
CN111141134A (en) * 2018-11-02 2020-05-12 重庆富燃科技股份有限公司 Dry distillation coal gas making process based on oxygen-enriched combustion and combined with coal-fired power generation boiler

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103965922A (en) * 2013-01-31 2014-08-06 神华集团有限责任公司 Semi-coke dry quenching method, semi-coke product and coal pyrolysis system
CN103965922B (en) * 2013-01-31 2016-05-18 神华集团有限责任公司 Semi-coke dry quenching method, semi-coke product and coal pyrolysis system
CN104152163A (en) * 2014-08-01 2014-11-19 神华集团有限责任公司 Crushed coal pyrolysis and coke dry quenching method and device
CN104152163B (en) * 2014-08-01 2017-04-26 神华集团有限责任公司 Crushed coal pyrolysis and coke dry quenching method and device
CN107532098A (en) * 2015-01-23 2018-01-02 比奥恩德夫公司 The method and system that energy-conservation for biomass bakees
CN105199760A (en) * 2015-10-27 2015-12-30 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 Biomass pyrolysis system and biomass pyrolysis method
CN111141134A (en) * 2018-11-02 2020-05-12 重庆富燃科技股份有限公司 Dry distillation coal gas making process based on oxygen-enriched combustion and combined with coal-fired power generation boiler

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Application publication date: 20100407